| Preface |
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13 | (4) |
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PART ONE INTRODUCTION - MODERN BIOTECHNOLOGY: PANACEA OR NEW PANDORA'S BOX? |
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17 | (52) |
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1 Modern Biotechnology: A Blessing or a Curse? |
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19 | (10) |
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1.1 What is (modern) biotechnology? |
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20 | (1) |
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20 | (5) |
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Textbox 1.1 Structure and function of genetic material |
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21 | (4) |
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25 | (1) |
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1.4 Recombinant DNA technology |
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25 | (2) |
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Textbox 1.2 A "triple lock" on the door! |
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26 | (1) |
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27 | (1) |
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28 | (1) |
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2 Modern Biotechnology: Food For Discussioni |
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29 | (20) |
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2.1 The history in a nutshell |
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30 | (4) |
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Textbox 2.1 The recombinant DNA technology |
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31 | (1) |
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Textbox 2.2 Herman, the transgenic bull |
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32 | (2) |
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2.2 Supporters and opponents |
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34 | (3) |
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Textbox 2.3 The transgenic tomato "Flavr Savr" |
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34 | (3) |
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2.3 Why transgenic plants? |
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37 | (3) |
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2.4 Why transgenic animals? |
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40 | (3) |
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Textbox 2.4 Dolly the clone |
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41 | (2) |
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2.5 Gene and stem cell therapy |
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43 | (2) |
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45 | (2) |
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47 | (1) |
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48 | (1) |
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3 Genetically Modified Crops and the European Union |
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49 | (20) |
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50 | (2) |
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Textbox 3.1 Vatican: GM not against God's will |
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51 | (1) |
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3.2 Seven focal points to accept GM crops within the EU |
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52 | (11) |
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Textbox 3.2 The 20-year environmental safety record of GM trees |
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52 | (1) |
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Textbox 3.3 Modern biotechnology: scientific victim? |
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53 | (3) |
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Textbox 3.4 The precautionary principle |
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56 | (2) |
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Textbox 3.5 Statistics as a framework for decision making |
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58 | (5) |
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63 | (1) |
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64 | (5) |
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PART TWO OUR DAILY FOOD AND DRINK |
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69 | (82) |
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4 Cheese: Biotechnology Through the Ages |
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71 | (10) |
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72 | (1) |
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72 | (1) |
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Textbox 4.1 Cheese alliance |
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73 | (1) |
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73 | (3) |
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Textbox 4.2 The PluGbug technology |
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75 | (1) |
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4.4 Cheese ripening: now and in the future |
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76 | (2) |
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Textbox 4.3 Ripening agents |
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77 | (1) |
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Textbox 4.4 The NICE system |
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78 | (1) |
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78 | (2) |
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Textbox 4.5 Acceptability of genetically modified cheese |
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79 | (1) |
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80 | (1) |
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5 Biotechnology in the Bakery: on the Rise |
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81 | (14) |
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82 | (1) |
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82 | (1) |
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83 | (1) |
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83 | (1) |
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Textbox 5.2 Baker's yeast |
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83 | (1) |
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84 | (1) |
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84 | (2) |
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Textbox 5.3 Acrylamide reduction |
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85 | (1) |
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86 | (2) |
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Textbox 5.4 Bread enzymes are also good for the environment |
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87 | (1) |
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88 | (3) |
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Textbox 5.5 AMFEP's policy declaration on modern biotechnology |
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89 | (2) |
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91 | (2) |
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93 | (1) |
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94 | (1) |
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6 Wine: One of the Oldest Biotechnological Products |
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95 | (18) |
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96 | (1) |
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96 | (2) |
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Textbox 6.1 The amphora and traditional Greek wine: retsina |
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97 | (1) |
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6.3 Alcohol as a stimulant |
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98 | (1) |
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6.4 The scientific discoverer: Louis Pasteur |
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98 | (1) |
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99 | (1) |
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6.6 Enzymes are the solution |
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100 | (1) |
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6.7 Champagne with a flick of the wrist |
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101 | (1) |
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6.8 Manipulation of wine yeast |
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102 | (4) |
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Textbox 6.2 GM yeasts: the next battleground? |
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104 | (2) |
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6.9 Manipulation of the grapes |
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106 | (2) |
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Textbox 6.3 GM Grapes Raise Hopes for Midwest Wine Industry |
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107 | (1) |
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6.10 Winemakers raise their glasses tobiotechnology |
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108 | (2) |
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110 | (1) |
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111 | (2) |
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7 Meat From The Biotech Vat |
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113 | (18) |
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114 | (1) |
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114 | (4) |
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118 | (3) |
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Textbox 7.1 Recombinant gelatin |
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120 | (1) |
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121 | (2) |
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123 | (2) |
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125 | (2) |
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7.7 Biotechnological meat substitutes |
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127 | (1) |
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Textbox 7.2 `Happy Birthday' |
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127 | (1) |
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7.8 In conclusion: Happy Meat! |
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128 | (2) |
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130 | (1) |
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131 | (20) |
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132 | (1) |
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133 | (1) |
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8.3 Are GM foods harmful to health? |
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134 | (5) |
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Textbox 8.1 Risk assessment of GMOs |
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135 | (2) |
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Textbox 8.2 Genetically modified rice fights allergies |
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137 | (2) |
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139 | (1) |
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8.5 Who is telling the whole truth? |
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140 | (4) |
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141 | (3) |
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8.6 Is there a future for transgenic crops? |
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144 | (2) |
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Textbox 8.4 Chopping onions without tears |
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145 | (1) |
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146 | (2) |
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148 | (3) |
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PART THREE HEALTH HAS LIMITS |
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151 | (118) |
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153 | (18) |
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9.1 Antibiotics: life-saving biotechnology |
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154 | (2) |
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9.2 The bacteria fight back |
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156 | (3) |
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Textbox 9.1 Phases in drug development |
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157 | (2) |
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159 | (5) |
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Textbox 9.2 Vicissitudes of a typical anti-infectives biotech company |
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162 | (2) |
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164 | (1) |
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165 | (1) |
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9.6 Taking another look at phages |
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166 | (1) |
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167 | (2) |
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169 | (2) |
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10 Hormones: Natural Regulators |
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171 | (18) |
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172 | (1) |
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10.2 Human growth hormone (HGH) |
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173 | (5) |
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10.3 Erythropoietin (EPO) |
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178 | (6) |
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Textbox 10.1 The French EPO test |
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180 | (2) |
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Textbox 10.2 Operacion Puerto file still open |
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182 | (2) |
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10.4 Puregon™: follicle-stimulatinghormone (FSH) |
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184 | (2) |
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186 | (1) |
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187 | (2) |
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11 Gene The A Panacea for Genetio Abmormalities? |
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189 | (18) |
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11.1 What is gene therapy? |
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190 | (2) |
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11.2 A short history of gene therapy |
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192 | (5) |
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Textbox 11.1 The Gelsinger case |
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194 | (2) |
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Textbox 11.2 Glybera: gene therapy for lipoprotein-lipase deficient patients |
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196 | (1) |
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197 | (2) |
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11.4 Gene therapy in the uterus |
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199 | (1) |
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11.5 Not everything can be treated (yet) |
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200 | (2) |
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Textbox 11.3 Genetics in a nutshell |
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201 | (1) |
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202 | (3) |
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Textbox 11.4 The German muscleman |
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202 | (2) |
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Textbox 11.5 Hormone mafia becomes gene mafia |
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204 | (1) |
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11.7 Gene therapy: not yet a panacea or a revolution |
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205 | (1) |
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206 | (1) |
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207 | (20) |
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12.1 The history of xenotransplantation: a shocking past |
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208 | (4) |
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Textbox 12.1 The first xenotransplantation |
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208 | (2) |
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Textbox 12.2 Human rejuvenation transplants |
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210 | (2) |
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12.2 The transgenic `spare-part pig' |
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212 | (6) |
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Textbox 12.3 The immune system --- some basic facts |
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214 | (2) |
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Textbox 12.4 Dysregulated coagulation in pig-to-primate xenotransplantation |
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216 | (2) |
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218 | (1) |
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12.4 Social and ethical aspects |
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219 | (4) |
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223 | (3) |
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Textbox 12.5 Willem Kolff |
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224 | (1) |
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Textbox 12.6 The "perfect match"! |
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225 | (1) |
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226 | (1) |
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13 The Human Genome Project |
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227 | (20) |
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228 | (1) |
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228 | (3) |
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13.3 Human genome sequencing |
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231 | (1) |
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13.4 A new paradigm in health care |
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231 | (3) |
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Textbox 13.1 Diary of Karen Rich; 1 April 2059 |
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233 | (1) |
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13.5 Will the Netherlands climb on the bandwagon? |
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234 | (1) |
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13.6 The surprises of the genome |
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235 | (1) |
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236 | (6) |
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Textbox 13.2 Paradigm shift: one gene = one protein → one gene = several proteins |
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237 | (3) |
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Textbox 13.3 The Personal Genome Project |
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240 | (2) |
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242 | (3) |
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Textbox 13.4 `Reading genes' |
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242 | (3) |
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245 | (2) |
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14 Stem Cell Therapy: Promising and Controversiali |
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247 | (22) |
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14.1 Human embryonic stem cells are `hot' |
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248 | (1) |
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249 | (2) |
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251 | (3) |
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14.4 What is a stem cell (therapy)? |
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254 | (1) |
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255 | (2) |
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14.6 The making of human (embryonic) stem cell lines |
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257 | (6) |
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Textbox 14.1 Pre-implantation genetic diagnostics |
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259 | (2) |
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Textbox 14.2 Human embryos cloned |
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261 | (2) |
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14.7 Formation of induced human embryonic pluripotent stem cells by dedifferentiation |
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263 | (2) |
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265 | (2) |
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Textbox 14.3 Summary of key ISSCR guidelines for the translation of stem cell research into the clinic |
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266 | (1) |
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267 | (2) |
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PART FOUR EPILOGUE: CASSANDRA |
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269 | (8) |
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15 Modern Biotechnology: For Better or for Worse? |
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273 | (4) |
| Index |
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