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Noise Control: From Concept to Application 2nd edition [Kõva köide]

(University of Adelaide, Australia), (Flinders University, Australia)
  • Formaat: Hardback, 482 pages, kõrgus x laius: 254x178 mm, kaal: 453 g, 101 Tables, black and white; 187 Line drawings, black and white; 187 Illustrations, black and white
  • Ilmumisaeg: 06-Aug-2021
  • Kirjastus: CRC Press
  • ISBN-10: 1138369012
  • ISBN-13: 9781138369016
Teised raamatud teemal:
Noise Control: From Concept to Application 2nd editionSuurem pilt
  • Formaat: Hardback, 482 pages, kõrgus x laius: 254x178 mm, kaal: 453 g, 101 Tables, black and white; 187 Line drawings, black and white; 187 Illustrations, black and white
  • Ilmumisaeg: 06-Aug-2021
  • Kirjastus: CRC Press
  • ISBN-10: 1138369012
  • ISBN-13: 9781138369016
Teised raamatud teemal:
Püsilink: https://www.kriso.ee/db/9781138369016.html
Märksõnad:
The second edition of Noise Control: From Concept to Application, newly expanded and thoroughly updated, now includes 180 graded problems with solutions, plus 100 end-of-chapter problems with solutions available for instructors on the authors website. Working from basic scientific principles, the authors show how an understanding of sound can be applied to real-world settings, working through numerous examples in detail and covering good practice in noise control for both new and existing facilities.

It covers the essential topics for industrial noise control: acoustics, noise criteria, hearing-damage risk, noise-assessment measures, measurement instrumentation, sound-source types including the calculation and measurement of their output power, sound propagation outdoors, sound in rooms, sound-absorbing materials, sound transmission through partitions and enclosures, noise barriers, reactive and dissipative muffler-noise reduction and muffler-design considerations such as pressure loss and self-noise generation.

Detailed explanations of important concepts make this textbook easy to understand by engineering and science undergraduates, as well as professionals with no background in acoustics.

Authors website: www.causalsystems.com

Colin H. Hansen is Emeritus Professor in Mechanical Engineering at the University of Adelaide, Australia, and past President of the International Institute of Acoustics and Vibration.

Kristy L. Hansen is a Senior Lecturer in Mechanical Engineering at Flinders University, Australia, and holder of the Australian Research Councils Discovery Early Career Researcher Award.
Preface xiii
1 Fundamentals 1(60)
1.1 Introduction
1(1)
1.2 Noise-Control Strategies
2(4)
1.2.1 Sound Source Modification
3(1)
1.2.2 Control of the Transmission Path
4(1)
1.2.3 Modification of the Receiver
4(1)
1.2.4 Existing Facilities
4(1)
1.2.5 Facilities in the Design Stage
5(1)
1.3 Acoustical Standards and Software
6(1)
1.4 Acoustic Field Variables
7(4)
1.4.1 Variables
7(1)
1.4.2 Magnitudes
8(1)
1.4.3 The Speed of Sound
8(3)
1.4.4 Acoustic Potential Function and the Wave Equation
11(1)
1.4.5 Complex Number Formulations
11(1)
1.5 Plane, Cylindrical and Spherical Waves
11(15)
1.5.1 Plane Wave Propagation
12(5)
1.5.2 Cylindrical Wave Propagation
17(1)
1.5.3 Spherical Wave Propagation
17(4)
1.5.4 Wave Summation
21(1)
1.5.5 Plane Standing Waves
22(4)
1.6 Mean Square Quantities and Amplitudes
26(1)
1.7 Energy Density
27(1)
1.8 Sound Intensity
27(4)
1.9 Sound Power
31(6)
1.10 Decibels
37(6)
1.11 Spectra
43(2)
1.11.1 Frequency Analysis
44(1)
1.12 Combining Sound Pressures
45(11)
1.12.1 Coherent Sounds
45(5)
1.12.2 Incoherent Sounds
50(2)
1.12.3 Subtraction of Sound Pressure Levels
52(2)
1.12.4 Combining Level Reductions
54(2)
1.13 Impedance
56(2)
1.13.1 Mechanical Impedance, Zm
56(1)
1.13.2 Specific Acoustic Impedance, Zs
57(1)
1.13.3 Acoustic Impedance, ZA
57(1)
1.14 Additional Problems
58(3)
2 Loudness, Descriptors of Noise, Noise Criteria and Instrumentation 61(58)
2.1 Introduction
61(1)
2.2 Loudness
62(8)
2.2.1 Comparative Loudness and the Phon
62(1)
2.2.2 Low-Frequency Loudness
63(1)
2.2.3 Relative Loudness and the Sone
63(5)
2.2.4 Weighting Networks
68(2)
2.3 Descriptors of Noise
70(4)
2.3.1 Equivalent Continuous Sound Pressure Level, Leq
70(1)
2.3.2 A-Weighted Equivalent Continuous Sound Pressure Level, LAeq
70(1)
2.3.3 Noise Exposure Level, LEX,8h or Lex or Lep'd
71(1)
2.3.4 A-Weighted Sound Exposure, EA,T
71(1)
2.3.5 A-Weighted Sound Exposure Level, LAE or SEL
72(1)
2.3.6 Day-Night Average Sound Level, Ldn or DNL
73(1)
2.3.7 Community Noise Equivalent Level, Lder, or CNEL
73(1)
2.3.8 Statistical Descriptors
74(1)
2.3.9 Other Descriptors, Lmax, Lpeak, LImp
74(1)
2.4 Hearing Loss
74(1)
2.5 Hearing Damage Risk
75(9)
2.5.1 Requirements for Speech Recognition
75(1)
2.5.2 Quantifying Hearing Damage Risk
76(1)
2.5.3 United States Standard Formulation
77(1)
2.5.4 Occupational Noise Exposure Assessment
78(5)
2.5.5 Impulse and Impact Noise
83(1)
2.6 Implementing a Hearing Conservation Programme
84(1)
2.7 Speech Interference Criteria
85(2)
2.8 Psychological Effects of Noise
87(1)
2.8.1 Noise as a Cause of Stress
87(1)
2.8.2 Effect on Behaviour and Work Efficiency
87(1)
2.9 Ambient Sound Pressure Level Specification
88(12)
2.9.1 Noise Weighting Curves
88(10)
2.9.1.1 NR Curves
90(2)
2.9.1.2 NC Curves
92(1)
2.9.1.3 NCB Curves
93(1)
2.9.1.4 RC, Mark II Curves
93(5)
2.9.2 Comparison of Noise Weighting Curves with dBA Specifications
98(1)
2.9.3 Speech Privacy
99(1)
2.10 Environmental Noise Criteria
100(4)
2.10.1 A-Weighting Criteria
100(4)
2.11 Environmental Noise Surveys
104(4)
2.11.1 Measurement Locations
105(1)
2.11.2 Duration of the Measurement Survey
105(1)
2.11.3 Measurement Parameters
105(1)
2.11.4 Measurement Uncertainty
106(2)
2.11.5 Noise Impact
108(1)
2.12 Measuring Instrumentation
108(8)
2.12.1 Microphones
108(1)
2.12.1.1 Microphone Sensitivity
109(1)
2.12.2 Sound Level Meters
109(2)
2.12.2.1 Calibration
110(1)
2.12.2.2 Measurement Accuracy
110(1)
2.12.3 Statistical Analysers
111(1)
2.12.4 Personal Exposure Meter
111(1)
2.12.5 Data Acquisition and Recording
111(1)
2.12.6 Spectrum Analysers
112(2)
2.12.7 Sound Intensity Meters
114(1)
2.12.8 Acoustic Cameras
115(1)
2.13 Additional Problems
116(3)
3 Sound Sources and Sound Power Determination from Measurement 119(50)
3.1 Introduction
119(1)
3.2 Simple Source
119(4)
3.3 Dipole Source
123(4)
3.4 Quadrupole Source
127(7)
3.4.1 Lateral Quadrupole
128(1)
3.4.2 Longitudinal Quadrupole
129(5)
3.5 Line Source
134(2)
3.5.1 Infinite Line Source
134(1)
3.5.2 Finite Line Source
135(1)
3.6 Piston in an Infinite Baffle
136(4)
3.7 Incoherent Plane Radiator
140(3)
3.7.1 Single Wall
140(2)
3.7.2 Several Walls of a Building or Enclosure
142(1)
3.8 Radiation Field of a Sound Source
143(1)
3.9 Directivity
144(1)
3.10 Reflection Effects
145(6)
3.10.1 Simple Source Near a Reflecting Surface
145(2)
3.10.2 Observer Near a Reflecting Surface
147(1)
3.10.3 Observer and Source Both Close to a Reflecting Surface
147(4)
3.11 Determination of Sound Power
151(14)
3.11.1 Measurement in Free or Semi-Free Field
152(3)
3.11.2 Measurement in a Diffuse Field
155(3)
3.11.2.1 Substitution Method
157(1)
3.11.2.2 Absolute Method
157(1)
3.11.3 Field Measurement
158(6)
3.11.3.1 Semi-Reverberant Field Measurements Using a Reference Source to Determine Room Absorption
159(1)
3.11.3.2 Semi-Reverberant Field Measurements Using a Reference Source Substitution
160(1)
3.11.3.3 Semi-Reverberant Field Measurements Using Two Test Surfaces
160(2)
3.11.3.4 Near-Field Measurements
162(2)
3.11.4 Uncertainty in Sound Power Measurements
164(1)
3.12 Additional Problems
165(4)
4 Sound Propagation Outdoors 169(44)
4.1 Introduction
169(1)
4.2 Methodology
169(2)
4.3 Geometric Divergence, Adiv
171(1)
4.4 Atmospheric Absorption, Aatm
172(2)
4.5 Ground Effects, Agr
174(3)
4.5.1 Excess Attenuation Using Simply Hard or Soft Ground
175(1)
4.5.2 Excess Attenuation Using the Plane Wave Method
175(2)
4.6 Meteorological Effects, Amet
177(8)
4.6.1 Attenuation in the Shadow Zone (Negative Sonic Gradient)
182(3)
4.7 CONCAWE Propagation Model
185(5)
4.7.1 Geometrical Divergence, K1
186(1)
4.7.2 Atmospheric Absorption, K2
186(1)
4.7.3 Ground Effects, K3
186(1)
4.7.4 Meteorological Effects, K4
186(2)
4.7.5 Source Height Effects, K5
188(1)
4.7.6 Barrier Attenuation, K6
188(1)
4.7.7 In-Plant Screening, K7
189(1)
4.7.8 Vegetation Screening, Kv
190(1)
4.7.9 Limitations of the CONCAWE Model
190(1)
4.8 ISO 9613-2 (1996) Noise Propagation Model
190(16)
4.8.1 Ground Effects, Agr
191(3)
4.8.2 Meteorological Effects, Amet
194(1)
4.8.3 Source Height Effects
195(1)
4.8.4 Barrier Attenuation, Abar
195(2)
4.8.5 In-Plant Screening, Asite
197(1)
4.8.6 Housing Screening, Ahous
198(1)
4.8.7 Vegetation Screening, Afol
198(1)
4.8.8 Effect of Reflections Other Than Ground Reflections
199(1)
4.8.9 Limitations of the IS09613-2 Model
200(6)
4.9 Propagation Model Prediction Uncertainty
206(4)
4.9.1 Type A Standard Uncertainty
206(1)
4.9.2 Type B Standard Uncertainty
207(1)
4.9.3 Combining Standard Uncertainties
207(1)
4.9.4 Expanded Uncertainty
208(2)
4.10 Additional Problems
210(3)
5 Sound-Absorbing Materials 213(38)
5.1 Introduction
213(1)
5.2 Flow Resistance and Resistivity
214(1)
5.3 Sound Propagation in Porous Media
214(2)
5.4 Measurement of Absorption Coefficients of Porous Materials
216(18)
5.4.1 Measurement Using the Moving Microphone Method
216(17)
5.4.2 Measurement Using the Two-Microphone Method
233(1)
5.5 Calculation of Statistical Absorption Coefficients of Some Porous Material Configurations
234(7)
5.5.1 Porous Liner with a Backing Cavity
234(1)
5.5.2 Porous Liner Covered with a Limp Impervious Layer
235(1)
5.5.3 Porous Liner Covered with a Perforated Sheet
236(5)
5.5.4 Porous Liner with a Limp Impervious Layer and a Perforated Sheet
241(1)
5.6 Measurements of the Sabine Absorption Coefficient and Room Constant
241(3)
5.6.1 Reference Sound Source Method
241(1)
5.6.2 Reverberation Time Method
242(1)
5.6.3 Measurement of aα for a Particular Material
243(1)
5.7 Panel Sound Absorbers
244(2)
5.8 Noise Reduction Coefficient (NRC)
246(1)
5.9 Sound Absorption Coefficients of Materials in Combination
247(1)
5.10 Reverberation Control
247(1)
5.11 Additional Problems
248(3)
6 Sound in Rooms 251(28)
6.1 Introduction
251(1)
6.2 Low Frequency Behaviour
252(8)
6.3 Bound between Low-Frequency and High-Frequency Behaviour
260(2)
6.3.1 Modal Density
260(1)
6.3.2 Modal Damping and Bandwidth
261(1)
6.3.3 Modal Overlap
261(1)
6.3.4 Cross-Over Frequency
261(1)
6.4 High-Frequency Behaviour
262(11)
6.4.1 Relation between Source Sound Power and Room Sound Pressure Level
263(6)
6.4.2 Relation between Room Absorption and Reverberation Time
269(4)
6.5 Flat Room with Diffusely Reflecting Surfaces
273(1)
6.6 Additional Problems
274(5)
7 Partitions, Enclosures and Barriers 279(64)
7.1 Introduction
279(1)
7.2 Sound Transmission through Partitions
279(23)
7.2.1 Bending Waves
279(4)
7.2.2 Transmission Loss
283(3)
7.2.3 Single-Leaf Panel Transmission Loss Calculation
286(9)
7.2.4 Double Wall Transmission Loss
295(6)
7.2.4.1 Staggered Studs
298(1)
7.2.4.2 Panel Damping
298(3)
7.2.5 Triple Wall Sound Transmission Loss
301(1)
7.2.6 Sound-Absorptive Linings
301(1)
7.2.7 Common Building Materials
302(1)
7.3 Composite Transmission Loss
302(1)
7.4 Enclosures
303(14)
7.4.1 Enclosure Leakages (Large Enclosures)
309(5)
7.4.2 Enclosure Access and Ventilation
314(1)
7.4.3 Enclosure Vibration Isolation
315(2)
7.5 Barriers
317(24)
7.5.1 Diffraction at the Edge of a Thin Sheet
317(1)
7.5.2 Outdoor Barriers
318(17)
7.5.2.1 Thick Barriers
322(12)
7.5.2.2 Shielding by Terrain
334(1)
7.5.2.3 ISO 9613-2 Approach to Barrier Insertion Loss Calculations
334(1)
7.5.3 Indoor Barriers
335(6)
7.6 Additional Problems
341(2)
8 Muffling Devices 343(96)
8.1 Introduction
343(1)
8.2 Measures of Performance
344(1)
8.3 Design for a Required Performance
345(1)
8.4 Diffusers as Muffling Devices
346(1)
8.5 Classification of Muffling Devices
347(1)
8.6 Acoustic Impedance
347(1)
8.7 Impedances of Reactive Muffler Components
348(12)
8.7.1 Impedance of an Orifice or Short, Narrow Tube
348(5)
8.7.1.1 End Correction
349(2)
8.7.1.2 Acoustic Resistance
351(2)
8.7.2 Impedance of a Volume
353(7)
8.8 Reactive Mufflers
360(35)
8.8.1 Acoustical Analogues of Kirchhoff's Laws
360(1)
8.8.2 Side Branch Resonator
361(14)
8.8.2.1 End Corrections
363(1)
8.8.2.2 Quality Factor
364(1)
8.8.2.3 Power Dissipation
365(1)
8.8.2.4 Insertion Loss Due to a Side Branch
365(2)
8.8.2.5 Transmission Loss Due to a Side Branch
367(8)
8.8.3 Expansion Chamber
375(11)
8.8.3.1 Insertion Loss
375(2)
8.8.3.2 Transmission Loss
377(9)
8.8.4 Lowpass Filter
386(9)
8.9 Dissipative Mufflers
395(12)
8.9.1 Liner Specification
396(1)
8.9.2 Lined Duct Design
397(6)
8.9.2.1 Temperature Effects
401(1)
8.9.2.2 Higher Order Mode Propagation
402(1)
8.9.3 Inlet Attenuation
403(1)
8.9.4 Cross-Sectional Discontinuities
403(1)
8.9.5 Splitter Mufflers
404(3)
8.10 Insertion Loss of Duct Bends or Elbows
407(1)
8.11 Insertion Loss of Unlined Ducts
407(1)
8.12 Effect of Duct End Reflections
408(5)
8.13 Pressure Loss Calculations for Muffling Devices
413(6)
8.13.1 Pressure Losses Due to Friction
413(1)
8.13.2 Dynamic Pressure Losses
414(1)
8.13.3 Splitter Muffler Pressure Loss
414(4)
8.13.4 Circular Muffler Pressure Loss
418(1)
8.13.5 Staggered Splitter Pressure Loss
419(1)
8.14 Flow-Generated Noise
419(5)
8.14.1 Straight, Unlined Air Duct Noise Generation
419(1)
8.14.2 Mitred Bend Noise Generation
420(1)
8.14.3 Splitter Muffler Self-Noise Generation
421(2)
8.14.4 Exhaust Stack Pin Noise
423(1)
8.14.5 Self-Noise Generation of Air Conditioning System Elements
424(1)
8.15 Duct Break-Out Noise
424(2)
8.15.1 Break-Out Sound Transmission
424(2)
8.15.2 Break-In Sound Transmission
426(1)
8.16 Lined Plenum Attenuator
426(5)
8.16.1 Wells' Method
427(1)
8.16.2 ASHRAE (2015) Method
428(3)
8.17 Directivity of Exhaust Ducts
431(4)
8.18 Additional Problems
435(4)
A Properties of Materials 439(4)
References 443(14)
Index 457
Colin Hansen is Emeritus Professor in Mechanical Engineering at the University of Adelaide and has spent his entire professional life consulting, teaching and researching in acoustics and noise control. He is a past President and Honorary Fellow of the International Institute of Acoustics and Vibration, and Honorary Fellow of the Australian Acoustical Society. He was awarded the Rayleigh Medal by the UK Institute of Acoustics, the Michell Medal by Engineers Australia and the Rossing Prize in Acoustics Education by the Acoustical Society of America.

Kristy Hansen is a Senior Lecturer in Mechanical Engineering at Flinders University, Australia, and holder of the Australian Research Councils Discovery Early Career Researcher Award for research on the effects of wind farm noise on rural communities.