Contributors |
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xi | |
Preface |
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xv | |
Acknowledgments |
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xvii | |
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I OVERVIEW OF POLYPHENOLS AND HEALTH |
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1 Polyphenols in the Prevention of Acute Pancreatitis in Preclinical Systems of Study: A Revisit |
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3 | (8) |
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Manjeshwar Shrinath Baliga |
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3 | (1) |
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4 | (1) |
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5 | (1) |
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5 | (1) |
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6 | (1) |
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6 | (1) |
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6 | (1) |
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7 | (1) |
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9 Conclusions and Future Directions |
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7 | (4) |
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8 | (1) |
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9 | (2) |
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2 Polyphenols as Supplements in Foods and Beverages: Recent Discoveries and Health Benefits, an Update |
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11 | (8) |
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Andrea Pittelli Boiago Gollucke |
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1 Polyphenols and Supplementation |
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11 | (1) |
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2 New Insights on Polyphenol Metabolism and Action |
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12 | (1) |
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3 Benefits of Polyphenol's Consumption: Experimental Data |
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13 | (1) |
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4 Antimicrobial Activity of Polyphenols |
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14 | (1) |
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5 Noxious Activities Induced by Polyphenols: An Intriguing Issue |
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15 | (1) |
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6 Concluding Remarks and Future Challenges |
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16 | (3) |
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16 | (3) |
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3 Xanthohumol and the Medicinal Benefits of Beer |
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19 | (14) |
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19 | (1) |
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2 History of Beer and Brewing |
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19 | (1) |
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20 | (1) |
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21 | (2) |
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5 Health Benefits of Beer Polyphenols: Xanthohumol |
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23 | (6) |
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29 | (4) |
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30 | (2) |
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32 | (1) |
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4 Polyphenols Flavonoids and Metalloprotease Inhibition: Applications to Health and Disease |
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33 | (8) |
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33 | (1) |
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2 Matrix Metalloproteinases |
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34 | (2) |
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3 Angiotensin-Converting Enzyme |
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36 | (2) |
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38 | (3) |
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38 | (3) |
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5 Biological and Pharmacological Effects of Polyphenolic Compounds From Ecklonia cava |
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41 | (12) |
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41 | (1) |
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2 Biological and Pharmacological Effects of Phlorotannins From E. cava |
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41 | (6) |
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3 Protective Effect Against Ethanol-Induced Liver Injury |
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47 | (2) |
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4 AMPK in the Protective Effects of Phlorotannins |
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49 | (1) |
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50 | (3) |
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50 | (3) |
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6 Clerodeiidrum volub&e: Phenolics and Applications to Health |
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53 | (16) |
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53 | (1) |
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53 | (1) |
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3 Phytochemistry of Ckrodendrum volubite |
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54 | (3) |
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4 Biological Activities of Ckrodendrum voiubik |
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57 | (8) |
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5 Proposed Mechanism of Action of C. voiubik |
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65 | (1) |
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65 | (4) |
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66 | (1) |
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66 | (3) |
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7 Eryngium campestre L: Polyphenolic and Flavonoid Compounds; Applications to Health and Disease |
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69 | (12) |
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69 | (1) |
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70 | (1) |
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70 | (1) |
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70 | (2) |
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72 | (2) |
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6 Biological and Pharmacological Activities |
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74 | (3) |
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77 | (4) |
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77 | (4) |
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8 Antioxidant Activity of Anthocyanins in Common Legume Grains |
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81 | (12) |
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81 | (1) |
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2 Free Radicals and Antioxidants |
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81 | (1) |
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82 | (1) |
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4 Legume Anthocyanin as Antioxidant |
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82 | (8) |
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90 | (3) |
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90 | (3) |
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9 Tomato Polyphenolics: Putative Applications to Health and Disease |
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93 | (10) |
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93 | (1) |
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2 Health Effects of Tomato Phenolics |
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94 | (5) |
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99 | (4) |
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100 | (3) |
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10 Polyphenols Compounds in Sweet Cherries: A Focus on Anthocyanins |
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103 | (16) |
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1 An Overview of the Nutritive and Nonnutritive Properties of Sweet Cherries |
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103 | (1) |
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2 A Focus on Anthocyanins in Sweet Cherries |
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104 | (1) |
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3 Anthocyanin Biosynthesis in Sweet Cherries |
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105 | (1) |
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4 Measurement of Anthocyanin Content in Sweet Cherries |
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106 | (1) |
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5 Pre- and Postharvest Factors That Impact on Anthocyanins in Sweet Cherries |
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106 | (1) |
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6 Patterns of Global Growth and Economic Importance of Sweet Cherry Production |
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107 | (2) |
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7 Important Sensory Attributes and Traditional Quality Indicators of Sweet Cherries |
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109 | (1) |
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8 Consumer Preference for Sweet Cherries May Not Be Driven by Health |
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110 | (1) |
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9 Sweet Cherry Consumption and Contribution to Habitual Anthocyanin Consumption |
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111 | (1) |
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10 Sweet Cherries and Health Outcomes: Potential Mechanisms of Action |
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112 | (3) |
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11 Conclusion: Major Gaps in Literature and Future Research Direction |
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115 | (4) |
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116 | (1) |
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116 | (3) |
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11 Citrus Fruit Polyphenols and Flavonoids: Applications to Psychiatric Disorders |
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119 | (16) |
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Maria Rosaria Anna Muscatello |
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119 | (1) |
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2 The Global Burden of Mental Illness |
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119 | (1) |
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3 Moving Toward Integrative Prevention and Care: The Link Between Nutrition and Mental Health |
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120 | (1) |
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4 Citrus Polyphenols and Flavonoids |
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121 | (2) |
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5 Citrus Polyphenols in Mental Disorders |
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123 | (5) |
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6 Conclusions and Future Directions |
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128 | (7) |
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129 | (6) |
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II Polyphenols In Therapy Of Obesity And Diabetes |
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12 Anthocyanins and Diabetes Regulation |
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135 | (12) |
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135 | (1) |
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2 Chemical Properties of Anthocyanins |
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135 | (2) |
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3 Dietary Anthocyanin Sources |
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137 | (1) |
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4 Anthocyanin Bioavailability |
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137 | (1) |
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5 Antidiabetic Effects of Anthocyanins and the Underlying Mechanisms |
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138 | (4) |
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6 Conclusion and Perspective |
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142 | (5) |
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143 | (1) |
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143 | (4) |
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13 The Role of Direct and Indirect Polyphenols Antioxidants in Protection Against Oxidative Stress |
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147 | (34) |
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Lars Porskjær Christensen |
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147 | (2) |
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2 Cytoprotective Proteins (Phase 2 Enzymes) |
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149 | (1) |
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3 Induction of Cytoprotective Proteins |
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150 | (1) |
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4 Direct and Indirect Antioxidants and Their Role in Protection Against Oxidative Stress |
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150 | (2) |
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5 Polyphenol and Polyphenol-Derived Inducers ot Cytoprotective Proteins (Indirect Antioxidant Effect) |
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152 | (18) |
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170 | (11) |
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171 | (10) |
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14 Role of Protocatechuic Acid in Obesity-Related Pathologies: An Update |
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181 | (12) |
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181 | (1) |
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2 Protocatechuic Acid: Food Content and Bioavailability |
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181 | (1) |
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3 Obesity: A Global Challenge Yet Today |
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181 | (3) |
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4 Mechanism of Action of PCA |
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184 | (5) |
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189 | (4) |
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189 | (4) |
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15 Exposure to Polyphenols Compounds Modulates Type I Diabetes: The Case of Genistcin |
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193 | (14) |
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193 | (1) |
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193 | (1) |
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3 Polyphenolic Compounds and TID |
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194 | (2) |
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4 Mechanisms of T1D Modulation by Polyphenolic Compounds: Gut Microbiota |
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196 | (3) |
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5 Mechanisms of T1D Modulation by Polyphenolic Compounds: Epigenetics |
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199 | (1) |
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6 Other Potential Mechanisms |
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200 | (1) |
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200 | (7) |
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Acknowledgments and Funding Support |
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200 | (1) |
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200 | (7) |
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III Mechanisms Of Polyphenols Antioxidant Effects |
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16 Chocolate/Cocoa Polyphenols and Oxidative Stress |
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207 | (14) |
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207 | (1) |
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207 | (1) |
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208 | (1) |
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4 Research on Cocoa and Oxidative Stress |
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208 | (8) |
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216 | (5) |
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217 | (4) |
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17 An Overview of Dietary Polyphenols and Their Therapeutic Effects |
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221 | (16) |
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221 | (1) |
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2 Structural Classification of Polyphenols |
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221 | (3) |
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3 Dietary Intake and Content of Polyphenols |
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224 | (1) |
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4 Bioavailability and Distribution of Polyphenols |
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225 | (1) |
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5 Epigenetic Modifications and Polyphenol Metabolism |
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226 | (2) |
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6 Nutritional Genomics and Dietary Polyphenols |
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228 | (4) |
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7 Novel Therapeutics Using Polyphenols |
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232 | (5) |
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232 | (1) |
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232 | (3) |
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235 | (2) |
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18 The Polyphenolic Compound Resveratrol Attenuates Pain: Neurophysiological Mechanisms |
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237 | (12) |
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237 | (1) |
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238 | (1) |
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3 Pain Pathway in the Trigeminal System |
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238 | (1) |
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4 Modulatory Mechanism of Resveratrol on the Nociceptive Pain |
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239 | (2) |
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5 Modulatory Mechanism Underlying the Effect of Resveratrol on Pathological Pain |
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241 | (2) |
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6 Functional Significance for Modulation of Pain Relief |
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243 | (1) |
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244 | (1) |
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245 | (4) |
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245 | (4) |
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19 Possible Benefits and Risks of Polyphenols Supplementation During Pregnancy |
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249 | (12) |
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Consolacion Garcia-Contreras |
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249 | (1) |
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249 | (1) |
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2 The Role of Intrauterine Environment in Pregnancy Development |
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250 | (1) |
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3 The Role of the Intrauterine Environment in Postnatal Traits |
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250 | (1) |
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4 Preventive Strategies and Therapies for IUGR |
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251 | (1) |
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5 Alternative Tools for Prevention and Treatment of IUGR: Amino Acids and Antioxidants |
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252 | (1) |
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6 Implications and Evidence for Beneficial Effects of Polyphenols Supplementation During Pregnancy |
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253 | (2) |
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7 Possible Risks of Polyphenols Supplementation During Pregnancy |
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255 | (1) |
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8 Concluding Remarks and Future Research |
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256 | (5) |
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256 | (1) |
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256 | (5) |
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20 Flavonoids as Modulators of Neutrophils' Oxidative Burst: Structure-Activity Relationship |
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261 | (16) |
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261 | (1) |
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261 | (1) |
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3 Neutrophil Phagocytosis |
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262 | (1) |
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4 Production of Reactive Oxygen Species |
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262 | (2) |
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5 Production of Reactive Nitrogen Species |
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264 | (1) |
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265 | (1) |
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7 Effect of Flavonoids on Neutrophils'Oxidative Burst |
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266 | (6) |
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8 Catechol Group in the B-Ring |
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272 | (1) |
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273 | (1) |
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274 | (1) |
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274 | (3) |
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274 | (1) |
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274 | (3) |
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21 Manipulation of Mitochondrial Function by Polyphenols for New Treatment Strategies |
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277 | (18) |
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Corina T. Madreiter-Sokolowski |
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277 | (1) |
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278 | (2) |
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280 | (1) |
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4 Manipulation of Mitochondrial Function by Polyphenols |
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281 | (3) |
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5 Polyphenols as Treatment Strategies to Manipulate Mitochondrial (Dys)Function in Diseases |
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284 | (3) |
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287 | (8) |
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288 | (4) |
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292 | (3) |
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IV Bioavailability And Effects On Metabolism |
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22 Bioavailability of Flavonoids: The Role of Cell Membrane Transporters |
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295 | (26) |
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295 | (1) |
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2 Principles of Membrane Transport |
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296 | (1) |
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3 Indirect Evidence Supporting the Existence of Flavonoid Membrane Transporters |
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297 | (4) |
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4 Anatomical Distribution of Flavonoid-Related Membrane Transporters |
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301 | (9) |
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5 Issues Related to the Low Bioavailability of Flavonoids |
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310 | (1) |
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6 Transporter-Based Flavonoid-Drug Interactions |
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311 | (1) |
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312 | (9) |
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313 | (1) |
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313 | (8) |
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23 Interaction of Polyphenols With the Intestinal and Placental Absorption of Some Bioactive Compounds |
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321 | (16) |
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321 | (1) |
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2 Effect of Polyphenols on the Transport of l-Methyl-4-Phenylpyridinium |
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322 | (2) |
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3 Effect of Polyphenols on the Transport of Folates |
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324 | (2) |
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4 Effect of Polyphenols on the Transport of Thiamine |
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326 | (2) |
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5 Effect of Polyphenols on the Transport of Glucose |
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328 | (4) |
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332 | (5) |
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332 | (5) |
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24 Analyzing Ingredients in Dietary Supplements and Their Metabolites |
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337 | (10) |
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337 | (1) |
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338 | (1) |
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339 | (1) |
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340 | (1) |
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340 | (2) |
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6 Extraction of Isoflavones |
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342 | (2) |
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7 In Vivo Metabolism of Isoflavones |
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344 | (1) |
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345 | (2) |
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345 | (2) |
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25 Metabolism of Dietary Polyphenols by Human Gut Microbiota and Their Health Benefits |
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347 | (14) |
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Laura Bissi Francesco Marotta |
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347 | (2) |
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2 Dietary Intake of Polyphenols |
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349 | (1) |
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3 Absorption, Metabolism, and Bioavailability of Polyphenols |
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349 | (1) |
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4 Metabolism of Polyphenols by the Gut Microbiota |
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350 | (3) |
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5 Enzymes in the Metabolism of Polyphenols |
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353 | (1) |
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6 Modulation of Gut Microbiota by Polyphenols |
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353 | (1) |
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7 Health Benefits of Polyphenols and Their Microbial Metabolites |
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354 | (1) |
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355 | (6) |
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356 | (1) |
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356 | (5) |
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26 Bioavailability and Biochemistry of Quercetin and Applications to HeaLth and Diseases |
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361 | (12) |
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1 Chemical Features of Quercetin |
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361 | (1) |
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2 Bioavailability, Absorption and Metabolism of Quercetin |
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362 | (2) |
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3 Mechanistic and Preclinical Studies of Quercetin and Its Metabolites |
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364 | (1) |
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4 Esters of Quercetin and Their Therapeutic Applications |
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365 | (2) |
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367 | (6) |
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368 | (3) |
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371 | (2) |
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27 Effects of Quercetin and Its Combinations on Health |
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373 | (24) |
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373 | (1) |
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2 Basic Pharmacological Properties of Quercetin |
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374 | (2) |
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3 Pharmacokinetic Properties of Quercetin and Ways al Modifying Them |
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376 | (1) |
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4 Gastroprotective Effects of Quercetin |
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377 | (2) |
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5 Angioprotective Activity ol Quercel in |
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379 | (1) |
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6 Effects of Quercetin on Hemostasia |
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379 | (1) |
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7 Cardioprotective Properties of Quercetin |
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380 | (2) |
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8 Application of Quercetin-Based Drugs in Chronic Kidney Disease |
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382 | (4) |
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9 Quercetin-Based Drugs in Joint Disease |
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386 | (5) |
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391 | (6) |
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392 | (5) |
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28 Green Tea Polyphenols in the Amelioration of Osteoarthritis: Memoir on the Preclinical Observations |
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397 | (6) |
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Davanagere Murali Sujayendra |
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Manjeshwar Shrinath Baliga |
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397 | (1) |
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398 | (1) |
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3 Phytochemistry of Green Tea |
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398 | (1) |
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4 Traditional and Validated Uses |
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399 | (1) |
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5 Free Radical Scavenging and Antioxidant Properties |
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399 | (1) |
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6 Green Tea Increases Antioxidant Enzymes and Reduces Lipid Peroxidation |
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399 | (1) |
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7 Antiinflammatory Effects |
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399 | (1) |
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8 Green Tea Polyphenols Inhibit the Activation of Mitogen-Activated Protein Kinases |
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400 | (1) |
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9 Green Tea and Its Polyphenols Decrease Activation of NF-kB |
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400 | (1) |
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10 EGCG and Its Influence on Matrix Metalloproteinases |
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400 | (1) |
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11 Chondroprotective Effects of EGCG |
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400 | (1) |
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12 EGCG Inhibits Osteoclast Activation and Differentiation |
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401 | (1) |
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401 | (2) |
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401 | (2) |
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29 Polyphenolics Evoke Healing Responses: Clinical Evidence and Role of Predictive Biomarkers |
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403 | (12) |
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1 Polyphenolic Consumption |
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403 | (1) |
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2 Flavanoids and Flavonols |
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404 | (1) |
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3 Measurements of Antioxidant Capacity |
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404 | (2) |
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406 | (1) |
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5 Synergistic Polyphenols: Quercetin Dihydrate and Soluble Orthoproanthocyanidin |
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406 | (2) |
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6 Orthoproanthocyanidins (Soluble OPCs) |
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408 | (1) |
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7 Ellagic Acid Content: Pomegranate Juice |
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409 | (1) |
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8 Clinical Considerations: Whole Fruit and Fruit Juice |
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409 | (1) |
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9 Predictive Biomarkers Referenced to Goal Values: Personalized Care |
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410 | (1) |
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411 | (4) |
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412 | (3) |
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30 Hepatoprotective Effects of Green Tea and Its Polyphenols: A Revisit |
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415 | (6) |
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Manjeshwar Shrinath Baliga |
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Arnadi Ramachandrayya Shiv Ash Ankara |
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415 | (1) |
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2 Tea Protects Against Alcohol-Induced Hepatotoxicity |
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415 | (1) |
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3 Tea Protects Against Carbon Tetrachloride-lnduced Hepatotoxicity |
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416 | (1) |
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4 Effect of Tea on N-Acctammophcn-Induced Hepatotoxicity |
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416 | (1) |
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5 Tea Is Effective in Viral Hepatitis |
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417 | (1) |
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6 Effect of Tea on Ischemia Reperfusion Injury |
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417 | (1) |
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7 Effect of Green Tea Phytochemicals on Hepatotoxicity of Lead |
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417 | (1) |
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8 Effect of Tea Phytochemicals on Hepatotoxicity of Azathioprine |
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417 | (1) |
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9 Effect of Tea Phytochemicals on Galactosaniine-lnduced Liver Damage |
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417 | (1) |
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10 Effect of Tea Phytochemicals on Lipopolysaccharide-Induced Liver Damage |
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417 | (1) |
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11 Effect of Tea Phytochemicals on Fumonisin B1-Induced Liver Damage |
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418 | (1) |
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12 Effect of Tea on Hepatotoxicity of Aflatoxins |
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418 | (1) |
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13 Effect of Tea Phytochemicals on Phenobarbitol-Induced Liver Damage |
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418 | (1) |
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14 Effect of Tea on Hepatocarcinogenesis |
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418 | (1) |
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15 Effect of Tea Polyphenols on Fatty Liver Disease |
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419 | (1) |
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16 Effect of Tea Polyphenols on Obesity-Induced Liver Damage |
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419 | (1) |
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419 | (2) |
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419 | (2) |
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31 CAPE and Tympanosclerosis |
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421 | (10) |
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1 The Effect of Caffeic Acid Penethyl Ester on Tympanosclerosis |
|
|
421 | (1) |
|
2 Caffeic Acid Phenethyl Ester |
|
|
421 | (1) |
|
3 CAPE and Oxidative Stress |
|
|
422 | (1) |
|
|
423 | (1) |
|
|
423 | (4) |
|
6 CAPE and Tympanosclerosis |
|
|
427 | (4) |
|
|
428 | (2) |
|
|
430 | (1) |
|
32 The Polyphenolic Compound Hesperidin and Bone Protection |
|
|
431 | (10) |
|
|
|
|
431 | (1) |
|
2 Nutrition as a Strategy for Maintaining Healthy, Strong Bones |
|
|
432 | (1) |
|
3 Hesperidin Consumption and Its Effect on Outcomes of Bone Protection |
|
|
433 | (5) |
|
|
438 | (3) |
|
|
438 | (2) |
|
|
440 | (1) |
Index |
|
441 | |