| Part I Ports and maritime shipping |
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1 | (104) |
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Chapter 1.1 Maritime shipping and international trade |
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1 | (17) |
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1 Maritime shipping as a driver of globalization |
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1 | (1) |
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2 Ongoing growth of international trade |
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2 | (4) |
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3 The containerization of trade |
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6 | (4) |
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3.1 The emergence of the container |
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6 | (1) |
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3.2 Containerized trade networks |
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7 | (1) |
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3.3 Containerized growth dynamics |
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8 | (2) |
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4 The shift in global trade patterns |
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10 | (5) |
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5 International trade and maritime shipping services |
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15 | (3) |
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5.1 Maritime services in dry bulk shipping |
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15 | (1) |
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5.2 Maritime services in the roll-on/roll-off (RoRo) market |
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16 | (1) |
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5.3 Maritime services in the general cargo market |
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17 | (1) |
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5.4 Maritime services in container shipping |
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17 | (1) |
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Chapter 1.2 Ports and maritime supply chains |
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18 | (14) |
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1 Growing complexity in supply chain management |
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18 | (4) |
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1.1 Customer expectations |
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19 | (1) |
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19 | (1) |
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1.3 Technological innovation |
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20 | (1) |
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1.4 Regulation and competition |
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20 | (1) |
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21 | (1) |
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2 Improving competitiveness |
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22 | (3) |
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2.1 Operating margins and cost control |
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22 | (1) |
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2.2 Cost leadership and differentiation strategies |
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23 | (2) |
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3 The role of third-party logistics services |
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25 | (2) |
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4 Functional integration in the logistics industry |
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27 | (3) |
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27 | (1) |
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4.2 Horizontal integration |
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28 | (2) |
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4.3 E-fulfilment and e-commerce |
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30 | (1) |
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5 Information technologies and digital transformation |
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30 | (2) |
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Chapter 1.3 Ports and container shipping |
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32 | (25) |
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1 An asset-based industry |
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32 | (3) |
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2 Freight rates and surcharges |
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35 | (3) |
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3 Scale enlargement in vessel size |
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38 | (4) |
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4 Horizontal integration: operational agreements and M&A |
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42 | (3) |
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5 Vertical integration: extending the scope of operations |
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45 | (2) |
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6 Container services and networks |
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47 | (7) |
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6.1 Container service network patterns |
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47 | (4) |
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6.2 The design of container liner services |
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51 | (3) |
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7 The connectivity of container ports in maritime networks |
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54 | (3) |
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Chapter 1.4 Ports and distribution networks |
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57 | (13) |
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1 Ports as locations for distribution centers |
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57 | (2) |
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2 Warehousing activities in supply chains |
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59 | (4) |
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2.1 Warehouses and fulfillment centers |
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59 | (2) |
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2.2 Main trends in the warehousing sector |
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61 | (2) |
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3 Regional distribution networks |
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63 | (7) |
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3.1 Choice of distribution system |
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64 | (1) |
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3.2 Location selection for distribution centers |
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65 | (1) |
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3.3 Value-added logistics services |
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66 | (4) |
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Chapter 1.5 Ports and cruise shipping |
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70 | (19) |
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1 Evolution of cruise shipping |
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70 | (4) |
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74 | (1) |
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3 Upgraded vessels and onboard amenities |
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75 | (3) |
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78 | (4) |
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5 Globalization of deployment patterns |
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82 | (3) |
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6 Internationalization of source markets |
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85 | (2) |
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7 Market concentration and multi-brand strategies |
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87 | (2) |
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Chapter 1.6 Interoceanic passages |
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89 | (16) |
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1 Global maritime routes and chokepoints |
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89 | (4) |
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93 | (2) |
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95 | (4) |
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99 | (2) |
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101 | (1) |
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6 Other important passages |
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102 | (3) |
| Part II Contemporary ports |
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105 | (78) |
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Chapter 2.1 The changing geography of seaports |
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105 | (12) |
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105 | (3) |
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1.1 Geographical considerations |
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105 | (1) |
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1.2 Historical considerations |
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106 | (2) |
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2 The evolution of contemporary ports |
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108 | (6) |
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2.1 Conventional port sites |
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111 | (1) |
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111 | (1) |
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112 | (1) |
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2.4 Ports on the periphery |
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113 | (1) |
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114 | (1) |
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114 | (2) |
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116 | (1) |
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Chapter 2.2 Port hinterlands, regionalization and corridors |
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117 | (23) |
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117 | (4) |
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2 The Hinterland as part of the maritime/land interface |
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121 | (1) |
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3 The hinterland focus of market players |
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122 | (3) |
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125 | (3) |
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5 Hinterland accessibility |
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128 | (2) |
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5.1 Definition in a port context |
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128 | (1) |
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5.2 Stakeholders in hinterland accessibility |
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129 | (1) |
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5.3 Centrality and hinterland accessibility |
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129 | (1) |
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130 | (7) |
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6.1 Definition and performance |
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130 | (3) |
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133 | (2) |
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6.3 Inland waterways as hinterland corridors |
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135 | (2) |
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7 Cargo bundling in hinterland transport |
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137 | (3) |
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7.1 Cargo bundling options |
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137 | (1) |
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7.2 Cargo bundling in seaport areas |
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138 | (1) |
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7.3 Specific considerations related to cargo bundling |
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139 | (1) |
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140 | (15) |
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1 A new role for inland terminals |
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140 | (3) |
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143 | (2) |
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3 Functions within transport chains |
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145 | (5) |
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4 The regional impacts of inland ports |
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150 | (4) |
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150 | (2) |
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152 | (2) |
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4.3 East and Southeast Asia |
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154 | (1) |
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154 | (1) |
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Chapter 2.4 Digital transformation |
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155 | (13) |
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1 The digital transformation of ports |
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155 | (3) |
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2 Disruptive ICT innovations for ports |
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158 | (3) |
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2.1 Automation and innovation |
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158 | (1) |
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2.2 Automation and robotics |
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159 | (1) |
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2.3 The Internet of Things (IoT) and big data analytics |
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160 | (1) |
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2.4 Simulation and virtual reality |
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161 | (1) |
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3 Port community systems and blockchains |
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161 | (6) |
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4 Digitalization in cruise ports |
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167 | (1) |
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Chapter 2.5 Green supply chain management in ports |
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168 | (15) |
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1 The greening of supply chains |
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168 | (1) |
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2 Green design, procurement and manufacturing |
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169 | (2) |
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2.1 Eco-design and green process engineering |
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169 | (1) |
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2.2 Green procurement and purchasing |
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170 | (1) |
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2.3 Green production and remanufacturing |
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170 | (1) |
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3 Energy and transportation efficiency |
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171 | (3) |
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3.1 Energy efficiency in supply chain management |
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171 | (1) |
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3.2 Green logistics, distribution and transportation |
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172 | (2) |
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4 Drivers of GSCM and corporate strategy |
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174 | (2) |
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4.1 Green supply chains and environmental management systems |
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174 | (1) |
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4.2 GSCM and corporate profitability |
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174 | (1) |
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175 | (1) |
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176 | (7) |
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177 | (2) |
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5.2 Green port development and operations |
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179 | (1) |
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5.3 Green inland logistics, modal shift and inland terminals |
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179 | (1) |
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5.4 Seaports and the circular economy |
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180 | (2) |
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5.5 Knowledge development |
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182 | (1) |
| Part III Port terminals |
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183 | (98) |
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Chapter 3.1 Terminals and terminal operators |
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183 | (18) |
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183 | (2) |
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2 Global terminal operators |
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185 | (8) |
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2.1 Private involvement in port terminal operations |
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185 | (1) |
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2.2 Typology of port holdings |
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186 | (5) |
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2.3 Global terminal operators |
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191 | (2) |
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3 The strategies of container terminal operators |
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193 | (2) |
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4 Cruise terminal operators |
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195 | (6) |
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4.1 The emergence of cruise terminal operators |
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195 | (1) |
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4.2 Strategies of cruise terminal operators |
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196 | (1) |
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4.3 The internationalization of cruise terminal operators |
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197 | (4) |
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Chapter 3.2 Terminal concessions and land leases |
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201 | (15) |
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1 Private involvement in port investment and operation |
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201 | (2) |
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203 | (1) |
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3 The terminal awarding procedure |
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203 | (4) |
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207 | (4) |
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4.1 Object of the concession |
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208 | (1) |
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4.2 Main use of the terminal |
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208 | (1) |
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4.3 Splitting and phasing of the terminal site |
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208 | (2) |
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4.4 The division of risks and investments |
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210 | (1) |
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4.5 Duration of the concession period |
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210 | (1) |
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4.6 Concession fees and fee structure |
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211 | (1) |
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4.7 Final asset compensation |
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211 | (1) |
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5 The prequalification phase |
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211 | (1) |
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5.1 Dealing with incumbent terminal operators |
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212 | (1) |
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5.2 Experience and financial strength |
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212 | (1) |
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212 | (2) |
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6.1 The technical and financial proposal |
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213 | (1) |
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214 | (1) |
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214 | (2) |
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7.1 The concession agreement |
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214 | (1) |
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7.2 Throughput guarantees |
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215 | (1) |
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7.3 Effectiveness of sanctions in concession agreements |
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215 | (1) |
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Chapter 3.3 Financialization and terminal funding |
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216 | (9) |
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1 The financialization of the terminal industry |
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216 | (2) |
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2 Risks and terminal investments |
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218 | (4) |
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2.1 Port terminals as financial risk factors |
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218 | (2) |
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2.2 Port specific risks for terminal operators |
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220 | (1) |
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2.3 Implications for concessions |
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221 | (1) |
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3 Funding and financing of terminal development |
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222 | (3) |
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Chapter 3.4 Container terminal design and equipment |
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225 | (11) |
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1 The design of container terminals |
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225 | (2) |
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2 Container terminal equipment |
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227 | (2) |
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229 | (1) |
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4 Yard and auxiliary operations |
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230 | (2) |
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5 Hinterland connectivity |
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232 | (1) |
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6 Conventional vs. automated terminal configuration |
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233 | (1) |
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7 Terminal capacity use and optimization |
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234 | (2) |
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Chapter 3.5 Bulk and break-bulk terminal design and equipment |
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236 | (8) |
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1 Major dry bulk terminals |
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236 | (4) |
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2 Minor dry bulk terminals |
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240 | (1) |
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240 | (1) |
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241 | (1) |
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242 | (2) |
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Chapter 3.6 Cruise terminal design and equipment |
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244 | (8) |
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244 | (1) |
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2 Maritime infrastructure |
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245 | (2) |
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3 Apron area of the cruise terminal |
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247 | (1) |
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4 Cruise terminal building |
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248 | (1) |
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5 Embarkation and disembarkation processes |
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249 | (2) |
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251 | (1) |
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252 | (11) |
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1 Employment effects of cargo handling |
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252 | (2) |
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254 | (5) |
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254 | (1) |
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255 | (1) |
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256 | (1) |
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2.4 Qualitative aspects of labor performance |
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256 | (2) |
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2.5 Legal and social conditions and state of technology |
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258 | (1) |
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3 Meeting market requirements |
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259 | (1) |
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3.1 Deployment of new technology |
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259 | (1) |
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3.2 The legal status of dockworkers |
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259 | (1) |
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3.3 Open and autonomous labor pool systems |
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260 | (1) |
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4 Improving port work conditions |
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260 | (3) |
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4.1 Increased training initiatives and modalities |
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260 | (1) |
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4.2 A push for continuous work |
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261 | (1) |
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4.3 Composition of gangs or teams |
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261 | (1) |
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4.4 Changes in hiring systems |
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261 | (1) |
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4.5 Specialization, categorization and qualification |
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262 | (1) |
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4.6 Enhancing motivation and commitment |
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262 | (1) |
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Chapter 3.8 Terminal automation |
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263 | (8) |
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263 | (3) |
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264 | (1) |
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1.2 Terminal interface automation |
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264 | (1) |
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1.3 Foreland and hinterland automation |
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265 | (1) |
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2 The port automation drive |
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266 | (2) |
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3 Automated container terminals |
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268 | (3) |
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Chapter 3.9 Port terminal construction |
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271 | (10) |
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1 Greenfield and brownfield sites |
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271 | (1) |
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2 Nautical access to terminals |
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272 | (3) |
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275 | (6) |
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3.1 Embedded retaining walls |
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276 | (1) |
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277 | (2) |
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3.3 Suspended deck structures (piles) |
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279 | (2) |
| Part IV Port governance |
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281 | (84) |
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Chapter 4.1 Port governance and reform |
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281 | (20) |
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281 | (8) |
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1.1 Defining port governance |
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281 | (2) |
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1.2 Port governance objectives |
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283 | (1) |
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1.3 Port governance tasks |
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284 | (2) |
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1.4 Port governance configuration |
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286 | (2) |
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1.5 Realignment of port governance |
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288 | (1) |
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2 Towards modern port governance |
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289 | (5) |
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289 | (4) |
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2.2 Types of endorsed reforms |
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293 | (1) |
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3 Contemporary port governance models |
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294 | (7) |
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3.1 Public and private roles in port management |
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294 | (2) |
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3.2 Public ownership remains dominant |
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296 | (1) |
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3.3 The extensive use of concessions |
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297 | (1) |
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3.4 Lessons from full port privatization |
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298 | (1) |
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3.5 Governance approaches across port sizes |
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299 | (1) |
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3.6 The role of the institutional setting |
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299 | (2) |
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Chapter 4.2 Port authorities |
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301 | (11) |
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1 Port authority: a definition |
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301 | (1) |
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2 Functions of port authorities |
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302 | (3) |
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3 Port authority responsibilities |
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305 | (2) |
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3.1 The port authority as a landlord |
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305 | (1) |
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3.2 The port authority as an operator |
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306 | (1) |
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3.3 The port authority as a regulator |
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307 | (1) |
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4 The port authority as a cluster manager |
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307 | (2) |
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307 | (1) |
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4.2 Stakeholder relationships management |
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308 | (1) |
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5 Port authorities' role in cruise ports governance |
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309 | (2) |
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6 Ownership of port authorities |
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311 | (1) |
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Chapter 4.3 Port coordination and cooperation |
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312 | (16) |
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1 Coordination of port activities |
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312 | (2) |
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2 Coordination in container terminal operations |
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314 | (1) |
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3 Cooperation between ports |
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315 | (13) |
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3.1 Emerging cooperation schemes |
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315 | (1) |
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316 | (4) |
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3.3 Merging of port authorities |
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320 | (8) |
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Chapter 4.4 Port clusters |
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328 | (11) |
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328 | (1) |
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2 Activities in port clusters |
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329 | (6) |
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2.1 Transport and cargo handling |
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329 | (3) |
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332 | (1) |
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2.3 Industrial activities |
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332 | (2) |
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334 | (1) |
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335 | (3) |
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4 Port cluster governance |
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338 | (1) |
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Chapter 4.5 Green port governance |
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339 | (17) |
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1 Port authorities and green ports |
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339 | (5) |
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1.1 Sources of environmental pollution in ports |
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339 | (4) |
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1.2 The greening of port management |
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343 | (1) |
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2 Instruments and tools for promoting green ports |
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344 | (4) |
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2.1 Penalty and incentive pricing |
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344 | (1) |
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2.2 Monitoring and measuring |
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344 | (2) |
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2.3 Market access control and environmental standard regulation |
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346 | (2) |
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3 Challenges to green port governance |
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348 | (2) |
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4 Green port governance and stakeholders |
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350 | (1) |
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350 | (6) |
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5.1 The cruise environmental challenge |
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350 | (1) |
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351 | (2) |
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353 | (2) |
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5.4 Regulating an emerging industry |
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355 | (1) |
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Chapter 4.6 Port management, governance and leadership |
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356 | (9) |
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1 Leadership challenges for port directors and executive staff |
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356 | (2) |
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2 The need for alignment on the port mission |
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358 | (3) |
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2.1 Alignment between the port executive team and the board members |
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359 | (1) |
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2.2 Alignment of port mission with customer and stakeholder goals |
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360 | (1) |
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3 The view from the top: the port director position |
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361 | (2) |
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363 | (2) |
| Part V Port competition |
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365 | (50) |
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Chapter 5.1 Inter-port competition |
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365 | (7) |
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1 The port competition concept |
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365 | (1) |
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2 Geographical and functional levels of port competition |
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366 | (1) |
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2.1 Intra-port competition |
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366 | (1) |
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2.2 Inter-port competition within a multi-port gateway region |
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366 | (1) |
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2.3 Inter-port competition within a port range |
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367 | (1) |
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2.4 Inter-range competition |
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367 | (1) |
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3 Port competitive advantages |
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367 | (3) |
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4 Determinants of port competitiveness |
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370 | (2) |
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Chapter 5.2 Intra-port competition |
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372 | (7) |
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372 | (1) |
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2 Benefits of intra-port competition |
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373 | (5) |
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2.1 Rent-seeking behavior by service providers |
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373 | (4) |
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2.2 Specialization, flexible adaptation and innovation |
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377 | (1) |
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3 Conditions and effects of intra-port competition |
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378 | (1) |
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Chapter 5.3 Port marketing |
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379 | (11) |
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1 Ports and their customers |
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379 | (2) |
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2 Marketing objectives and actions |
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381 | (5) |
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3 Increasing customer loyalty |
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386 | (4) |
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3.1 Communication with customers |
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386 | (1) |
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3.2 Listening to front-line people |
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387 | (1) |
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3.3 Service failure recovery |
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387 | (1) |
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3.4 Identify potential defectors |
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388 | (1) |
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388 | (1) |
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3.6 Capitalize on positive communication |
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|
388 | (1) |
|
3.7 Usage of exit barriers |
|
|
389 | (1) |
|
3.8 Customer differentiation |
|
|
389 | (1) |
|
|
|
390 | (1) |
|
|
|
390 | (16) |
|
1 Port pricing strategies |
|
|
390 | (3) |
|
2 Pricing and asset utilization |
|
|
393 | (1) |
|
3 Pricing and customer management |
|
|
394 | (1) |
|
4 Price incentives for port customers |
|
|
395 | (2) |
|
|
|
395 | (1) |
|
|
|
396 | (1) |
|
4.3 Utilization incentives |
|
|
396 | (1) |
|
4.4 Gain-sharing incentives |
|
|
397 | (1) |
|
5 Port pricing by port authorities |
|
|
397 | (4) |
|
5.1 General considerations |
|
|
397 | (1) |
|
|
|
398 | (2) |
|
5.3 Port concessions/land fees |
|
|
400 | (1) |
|
6 Structures of port charges |
|
|
401 | (5) |
|
6.1 Charges at container terminals |
|
|
401 | (3) |
|
|
|
404 | (2) |
|
Chapter 5.5 Entry barriers in seaports |
|
|
406 | (9) |
|
1 Entry barriers in seaports |
|
|
406 | (2) |
|
2 Economic entry barriers |
|
|
408 | (2) |
|
2.1 Minimum efficient scale of port services |
|
|
408 | (1) |
|
|
|
409 | (1) |
|
|
|
410 | (1) |
|
3 Regulatory, institutional and geography entry barriers |
|
|
410 | (1) |
|
4 Policies to reduce entry barriers |
|
|
411 | (4) |
| Part VI Port performance |
|
415 | (46) |
|
Chapter 6.1 Port performance |
|
|
415 | (9) |
|
1 Port performance components |
|
|
415 | (1) |
|
2 Performance measurement: industry level initiatives |
|
|
416 | (8) |
|
Chapter 6.2 Port efficiency |
|
|
424 | (14) |
|
1 Dimensions of port efficiency |
|
|
424 | (1) |
|
|
|
425 | (3) |
|
2.1 The port efficiency continuum |
|
|
425 | (2) |
|
2.2 Container terminal efficiency |
|
|
427 | (1) |
|
2.3 Performance and the upscale of port operations |
|
|
428 | (1) |
|
|
|
428 | (2) |
|
4 Connectivity performance |
|
|
430 | (1) |
|
5 Environmental performance |
|
|
430 | (2) |
|
|
|
432 | (2) |
|
7 Port governance performance |
|
|
434 | (3) |
|
8 Socio-economic performance |
|
|
437 | (1) |
|
Chapter 6.3 Port effectiveness |
|
|
438 | (7) |
|
1 Effectiveness component of port performance |
|
|
438 | (1) |
|
2 Evaluation of port effectiveness |
|
|
439 | (2) |
|
3 Supply chain approach to effectiveness |
|
|
441 | (1) |
|
4 Variation in stakeholders' perspectives |
|
|
442 | (2) |
|
5 Cruise ports performance |
|
|
444 | (1) |
|
Chapter 6.4 Port resilience |
|
|
445 | (16) |
|
|
|
445 | (2) |
|
2 Shocks and disruptions impacting ports |
|
|
447 | (2) |
|
3 Ports and natural disruptions |
|
|
449 | (3) |
|
3.1 Extreme weather events |
|
|
449 | (1) |
|
3.2 Geophysical disruptions |
|
|
449 | (2) |
|
|
|
451 | (1) |
|
4 Ports and anthropogenic disruptions |
|
|
452 | (4) |
|
|
|
452 | (1) |
|
|
|
453 | (1) |
|
4.3 Economic and geopolitical events |
|
|
454 | (1) |
|
4.4 Information technologies |
|
|
455 | (1) |
|
|
|
455 | (1) |
|
|
|
456 | (5) |
| Part VII Port policies and development |
|
461 | (84) |
|
Chapter 7.1 Ports, policies, and politics |
|
|
461 | (21) |
|
1 Multi-level port policy making |
|
|
461 | (1) |
|
2 National policies for ports |
|
|
462 | (4) |
|
2.1 National port policies themes |
|
|
462 | (2) |
|
|
|
464 | (1) |
|
2.3 Port related policies |
|
|
465 | (1) |
|
|
|
465 | (1) |
|
3 International port policies |
|
|
466 | (7) |
|
3.1 International organizations |
|
|
466 | (4) |
|
3.2 Supranational port policies: European Union |
|
|
470 | (2) |
|
3.3 Federal port policies: North America |
|
|
472 | (1) |
|
3.4 National perspectives: China |
|
|
472 | (1) |
|
|
|
473 | (4) |
|
|
|
473 | (2) |
|
|
|
475 | (2) |
|
4.3 International policies for dock labor |
|
|
477 | (1) |
|
|
|
477 | (5) |
|
Chapter 7.2 Ports and economic development |
|
|
482 | (13) |
|
1 Ports and economic change |
|
|
482 | (3) |
|
2 The economic benefits of ports: direct, indirect and induced effects |
|
|
485 | (3) |
|
3 Assessing the economic benefits of port investments |
|
|
488 | (2) |
|
4 Employment effects of ports |
|
|
490 | (2) |
|
5 Measuring employment effects |
|
|
492 | (2) |
|
6 Global-local mismatch of the economic benefits of ports |
|
|
494 | (1) |
|
Chapter 7.3 Port planning and development |
|
|
495 | (22) |
|
1 Strategic Port planning |
|
|
495 | (5) |
|
1.1 Port planning in its context |
|
|
495 | (1) |
|
1.2 Strategic port planning in a changing market environment |
|
|
496 | (1) |
|
1.3 The strategic port planning process |
|
|
497 | (3) |
|
1.4 Approaches to the port planning process |
|
|
500 | (1) |
|
2 Data collection in port planning |
|
|
500 | (1) |
|
3 Traffic forecasting as part of port planning and development |
|
|
501 | (5) |
|
3.1 Rationale behind traffic forecasting |
|
|
501 | (2) |
|
|
|
503 | (2) |
|
3.3 Challenges and pitfalls in traffic forecasting |
|
|
505 | (1) |
|
4 Stakeholder involvement in port planning and development |
|
|
506 | (5) |
|
4.1 Who are the stakeholders? |
|
|
506 | (2) |
|
4.2 Key principles of effective stakeholder relations management (SRM) |
|
|
508 | (3) |
|
4.3 SRM and the port objective struggle |
|
|
511 | (1) |
|
|
|
511 | (4) |
|
6 Port infrastructure project evaluation |
|
|
515 | (2) |
|
6.1 Procedures and guidelines |
|
|
515 | (1) |
|
|
|
516 | (1) |
|
Chapter 7.4 Port-city relationships |
|
|
517 | (18) |
|
|
|
517 | (4) |
|
1.1 The growing role of megacities in trade |
|
|
517 | (2) |
|
1.2 Cities as maritime and logistics hubs |
|
|
519 | (2) |
|
2 Port-city interactions: divergence |
|
|
521 | (3) |
|
3 Waterfront redevelopment |
|
|
524 | (5) |
|
3.1 Waterfront redevelopment as a form of new urbanism |
|
|
524 | (1) |
|
3.2 Waterfront redevelopment and expanding port activities |
|
|
525 | (1) |
|
3.3 Waterfront redevelopment as part of stakeholder relations management |
|
|
526 | (3) |
|
4 Port-city interactions: sustainable cruise growth |
|
|
529 | (4) |
|
4.1 Reversing social perceptions |
|
|
530 | (1) |
|
4.2 Expanding in line with local strategies |
|
|
531 | (1) |
|
4.3 Sustaining an international agenda |
|
|
532 | (1) |
|
5 Port-city interactions: sustainability |
|
|
533 | (2) |
|
Chapter 7.5 Representing port interests |
|
|
535 | (10) |
|
1 Port and terminal associations |
|
|
535 | (7) |
|
|
|
542 | (1) |
|
3 Port services providers |
|
|
543 | (1) |
|
|
|
543 | (2) |
| Part VIII Port markets |
|
545 | (58) |
|
|
|
545 | (17) |
|
1 An expanding cruise port system |
|
|
545 | (1) |
|
2 Typologies of cruise ports |
|
|
546 | (4) |
|
|
|
546 | (3) |
|
|
|
549 | (1) |
|
|
|
549 | (1) |
|
3 The competitiveness of cruise ports |
|
|
550 | (8) |
|
3.1 Port choice and itineraries |
|
|
550 | (2) |
|
3.2 Infrastructure upgrade |
|
|
552 | (1) |
|
3.3 Relationships with cruise lines |
|
|
553 | (1) |
|
3.4 Scale of cruise port calls |
|
|
554 | (1) |
|
3.5 Seasonality of cruise activities |
|
|
555 | (2) |
|
3.6 Cruise ports: competition and co-opetition |
|
|
557 | (1) |
|
|
|
558 | (3) |
|
5 Localization of cruise supply chains |
|
|
561 | (1) |
|
|
|
562 | (13) |
|
1 The origins of the break bulk market |
|
|
562 | (3) |
|
1.1 The pre-container era |
|
|
562 | (1) |
|
1.2 The shift to unit load |
|
|
563 | (1) |
|
1.3 The impact of containerization |
|
|
564 | (1) |
|
2 The current break bulk market |
|
|
565 | (1) |
|
|
|
566 | (3) |
|
3.1 Conventional liner type concepts |
|
|
566 | (1) |
|
|
|
567 | (1) |
|
|
|
567 | (1) |
|
3.4 Forest product carrier |
|
|
567 | (1) |
|
3.5 Heavy lift and project carriers |
|
|
567 | (1) |
|
3.6 Conventional reefer ships |
|
|
568 | (1) |
|
3.7 Roll-on roll-off vessels |
|
|
568 | (1) |
|
4 Major break bulk market segments |
|
|
569 | (5) |
|
4.1 Common market developments |
|
|
569 | (1) |
|
|
|
570 | (1) |
|
|
|
570 | (1) |
|
|
|
571 | (1) |
|
|
|
572 | (1) |
|
|
|
573 | (1) |
|
5 Break bulk: generating employment and added-value in ports |
|
|
574 | (1) |
|
Chapter 8.3 Ports and energy |
|
|
575 | (10) |
|
1 The origin of energy markets |
|
|
575 | (1) |
|
2 Main port energy markets |
|
|
575 | (5) |
|
|
|
576 | (1) |
|
|
|
576 | (2) |
|
|
|
578 | (1) |
|
|
|
579 | (1) |
|
3 The maritime shipping of energy |
|
|
580 | (3) |
|
|
|
583 | (2) |
|
|
|
585 | (9) |
|
|
|
586 | (1) |
|
|
|
587 | (3) |
|
|
|
590 | (1) |
|
4 Repositioning strategies |
|
|
591 | (2) |
|
5 The digitalization of containers |
|
|
593 | (1) |
|
Chapter 8.5 Port cold chains |
|
|
594 | (9) |
|
|
|
594 | (3) |
|
2 Refrigerated containers |
|
|
597 | (3) |
|
|
|
597 | (2) |
|
2.2 Technical considerations |
|
|
599 | (1) |
|
3 Reefer terminal facilities |
|
|
600 | |
| Epilog |
|
|
1 Dealing with volatility and shifts in port demand |
|
|
603 | (1) |
|
2 International and regional functions of ports |
|
|
603 | (1) |
|
3 Leading the way in environmental and social challenges |
|
|
604 | (1) |
|
|
|
604 | (1) |
|
5 The changing face of port competition |
|
|
605 | (1) |
|
6 Towards a multi-scalar approach to port performance |
|
|
606 | (1) |
|
7 The search for the right port governance |
|
|
606 | (1) |
|
8 Sustaining functional diversity |
|
|
607 | (1) |
|
9 A note from the authors |
|
|
607 | |