| Preface to the Second Edition |
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xv | |
| Preface to the First Edition |
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xvii | |
| Acknowledgments |
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xix | |
| The Author |
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xxi | |
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Introduction to Hazardous Materials |
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1 | (6) |
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1 | (1) |
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1 | (1) |
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2 | (1) |
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2 | (5) |
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Toxicology and Health Effects of Hazardous Materials |
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7 | (20) |
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7 | (2) |
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7 | (1) |
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8 | (1) |
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9 | (3) |
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10 | (1) |
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10 | (1) |
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10 | (1) |
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11 | (1) |
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11 | (1) |
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Body Response to Toxic Chemicals |
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12 | (6) |
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13 | (2) |
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15 | (1) |
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15 | (1) |
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The Central Nervous System |
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15 | (1) |
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16 | (1) |
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16 | (1) |
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16 | (1) |
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16 | (1) |
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The Cardiovascular System |
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16 | (1) |
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16 | (1) |
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Other Factors to Consider |
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17 | (1) |
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Varieties of Toxic and Hazardous Effects |
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18 | (1) |
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Specific Contaminant Effects |
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19 | (1) |
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19 | (1) |
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19 | (1) |
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Teratogens/Reproductive Toxicants |
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19 | (1) |
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20 | (1) |
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Dose-Response Relationships |
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20 | (2) |
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Allowable Exposure Limits |
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22 | (1) |
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Time Effects and Sensitivities |
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23 | (3) |
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23 | (1) |
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23 | (1) |
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Specific Air Pollutant Effects |
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24 | (2) |
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Sources of Health Effects Information |
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26 | (1) |
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Risks and Risk Assessment |
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27 | (22) |
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27 | (1) |
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27 | (1) |
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27 | (1) |
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28 | (2) |
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Assessment vs. Management |
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29 | (1) |
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Environmental Risk Assessments |
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29 | (1) |
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29 | (1) |
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30 | (1) |
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30 | (1) |
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The Risk Assessment Process |
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30 | (9) |
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Major Elements in Health Risk Assessment |
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31 | (1) |
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31 | (2) |
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33 | (1) |
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34 | (1) |
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35 | (2) |
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Health Risk Assessment for Hazardous Wastes |
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37 | (1) |
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37 | (1) |
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Linearized Multistaged Model |
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37 | (2) |
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39 | (1) |
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39 | (1) |
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39 | (1) |
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39 | (1) |
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Uncertainties in Risk Assessments |
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39 | (3) |
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Uncertainties in Toxicity |
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40 | (1) |
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Chemical Purities and Lab Procedures |
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40 | (1) |
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The Example of PCBs and Dioxins |
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40 | (1) |
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41 | (1) |
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Uncertainties in Modeled Exposures |
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41 | (1) |
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42 | (1) |
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CalTOX: A Total Exposure Model for Hazardous Waste Sites |
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42 | (1) |
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HARP for Air Toxics Risk Assessments |
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42 | (1) |
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Criteria for Health Impact and Acceptable Risks |
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43 | (1) |
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Carcinogens: Individual and Societal Risks |
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43 | (1) |
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Noncarcinogens: The Hazard Quotient and Hazard Index |
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43 | (1) |
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Percentage of Background: No Reference Health Data |
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43 | (1) |
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Screening Level Calculations |
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43 | (3) |
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44 | (1) |
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45 | (1) |
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Other Simplified Approaches |
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46 | (1) |
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46 | (3) |
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Air Pollution and Air Toxics |
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49 | (16) |
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49 | (2) |
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49 | (2) |
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Classifications and Sources |
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51 | (1) |
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Physical State and Reactivity |
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51 | (1) |
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51 | (1) |
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52 | (1) |
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Direct Evaporative Emissions |
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52 | (3) |
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54 | (1) |
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55 | (1) |
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Waste-Related Air Toxic Emissions |
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56 | (2) |
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Oxygenated Fuels: The Rise and Fall of MTBE |
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56 | (1) |
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57 | (1) |
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Treatment-Related Emissions |
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58 | (2) |
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60 | (1) |
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Hazardous and Air Toxic Regulations |
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60 | (1) |
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61 | (1) |
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61 | (1) |
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Hazardous Air Emission Trends |
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61 | (4) |
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65 | (28) |
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65 | (1) |
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Principles of Hydrogeology |
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66 | (5) |
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68 | (1) |
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68 | (1) |
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69 | (1) |
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70 | (1) |
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71 | (1) |
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Surface and Groundwater Movement |
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72 | (1) |
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Contamination in Groundwater |
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72 | (6) |
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74 | (2) |
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76 | (2) |
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78 | (6) |
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Source Control Methodologies |
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80 | (2) |
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Physical Control Methodologies |
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82 | (2) |
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84 | (1) |
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Biological Treatment Methods |
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85 | (2) |
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Aboveground/Extractive Systems |
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85 | (1) |
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In Situ System Considerations |
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86 | (1) |
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Physical Treatment Methods |
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87 | (2) |
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87 | (1) |
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88 | (1) |
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Chemical Treatment Methods |
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89 | (1) |
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89 | (2) |
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Natural Methods and Attenuation |
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91 | (2) |
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91 | (2) |
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Transportation of Hazardous Materials |
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93 | (22) |
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93 | (3) |
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Risks of Hazardous Materials Transport |
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93 | (3) |
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Laws Involved in Hazardous Materials Transportation |
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96 | (2) |
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Hazardous Waste Transportation Regulations |
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98 | (1) |
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98 | (14) |
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99 | (1) |
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99 | (3) |
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Performance-Oriented Packaging |
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102 | (1) |
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102 | (1) |
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102 | (2) |
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104 | (1) |
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105 | (1) |
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The Uniform Hazardous Waste Manifest System |
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106 | (1) |
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The Waste Characterization Sheet |
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107 | (1) |
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The Hazardous Waste Manifest |
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108 | (2) |
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The Hazardous Materials Table |
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110 | (2) |
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Practical Aspects of Hazardous Materials Transportation |
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112 | (1) |
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Hazardous Materials Spills/Incidents |
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112 | (1) |
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Recordkeeping for Hazardous Wastes |
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112 | (1) |
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113 | (1) |
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Hazardous Materials Registration Program |
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113 | (1) |
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Hazardous Materials Transportation Security |
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113 | (1) |
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Hazmat Employees and Training |
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113 | (1) |
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Trends in Transportation Incidents |
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113 | (2) |
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Management of Hazardous Materials |
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115 | (26) |
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115 | (2) |
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Proactive Hazardous Materials Management |
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117 | (4) |
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Corporate Policy and Management Systems |
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117 | (2) |
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Implementing an Environmental Control Policy |
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119 | (1) |
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Alternatives to Hazardous Materials/Waste Generation |
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119 | (2) |
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121 | (4) |
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What Is a Hazardous Waste? |
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121 | (1) |
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The Role of Recycled Materials |
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122 | (1) |
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The Role of Good Housekeeping |
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123 | (1) |
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123 | (1) |
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Storage of Hazardous Materials |
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124 | (1) |
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A Specific Management Approach: The Aerospace Industry |
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125 | (8) |
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Off-Site Waste Minimization |
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125 | (1) |
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On-Site Waste Minimization |
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125 | (1) |
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Parts Coatings and Stripping |
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126 | (1) |
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Modification Technologies |
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126 | (1) |
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126 | (1) |
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Wet Electrostatic Techniques |
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127 | (1) |
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127 | (1) |
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127 | (1) |
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128 | (1) |
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Improved Painting Techniques |
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128 | (1) |
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128 | (1) |
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Solvent Recovery and Reuse Technologies |
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129 | (1) |
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129 | (1) |
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130 | (1) |
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130 | (1) |
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Metal Plating Waste Minimization |
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130 | (1) |
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130 | (1) |
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130 | (1) |
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Chemical Recovery Processes |
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131 | (2) |
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Hazardous Materials Planning for the Future |
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133 | (4) |
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133 | (1) |
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133 | (1) |
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133 | (1) |
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134 | (1) |
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Future Liability Avoidance in Property Transfers |
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134 | (1) |
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All Appropriate Inquiry (AAI) Standard |
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134 | (2) |
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Local or State Land Use Restrictions |
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136 | (1) |
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Proactive Emergency Planning |
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137 | (4) |
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Key Provisions for Emergency Plans |
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137 | (1) |
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Practical Planning Considerations |
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137 | (1) |
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138 | (1) |
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138 | (1) |
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139 | (1) |
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Problem Areas and Information Sources |
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140 | (1) |
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Waste Characterization and Analytical Methods |
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141 | (18) |
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141 | (2) |
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141 | (1) |
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142 | (1) |
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Federal vs. State Methods |
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142 | (1) |
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143 | (1) |
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Sampling Plan or Protocols |
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143 | (1) |
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144 | (2) |
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Other Nongovernmental Organization (NGO) Methods |
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145 | (1) |
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146 | (3) |
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Frequency and Number of Samples |
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146 | (1) |
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146 | (3) |
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Sample Loss or Degradation |
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149 | (1) |
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Units of Measurement and Physical and Chemical Properties |
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149 | (1) |
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Fundamentals of Chemistry for Sample Analysis |
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150 | (1) |
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Matrices and Detection Limits |
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151 | (8) |
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151 | (1) |
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151 | (1) |
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152 | (1) |
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152 | (1) |
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152 | (1) |
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152 | (1) |
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153 | (1) |
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Lowering Detection Limits |
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154 | (1) |
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Analytical Methods and Techniques |
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154 | (1) |
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154 | (1) |
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155 | (1) |
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155 | (1) |
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155 | (1) |
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Transportable Instruments |
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155 | (1) |
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156 | (1) |
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156 | (1) |
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156 | (1) |
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157 | (2) |
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Waste Treatment and Disposal |
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159 | (14) |
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159 | (2) |
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161 | (1) |
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161 | (1) |
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162 | (1) |
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162 | (1) |
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Waste-Derived Fuels from Refining Processes |
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162 | (1) |
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Unrefined Waste-Derived Fuels and Oils |
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162 | (1) |
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Basic Treatment Principles |
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162 | (1) |
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163 | (5) |
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163 | (2) |
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165 | (1) |
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165 | (1) |
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166 | (1) |
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Fixation and Encapsulation |
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166 | (2) |
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Ultimate Residuals Management |
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168 | (5) |
| Appendix A: Federal Regulatory Approaches |
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173 | (22) |
| Appendix B: California Approaches |
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195 | (10) |
| Appendix C: Hazardous Materials Definitions |
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205 | (12) |
| Index |
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217 | |