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Public Law and Economics [Pehme köide]

(Herman F. Selvin Professor of Law, University of California, Berkeley, School of Law), (Vice Dean and Professor of Law, University of Virginia School of Law)
  • Formaat: Paperback / softback, 624 pages, kõrgus x laius x paksus: 177x251x41 mm, kaal: 1107 g
  • Ilmumisaeg: 13-Dec-2022
  • Kirjastus: Oxford University Press Inc
  • ISBN-10: 0197655882
  • ISBN-13: 9780197655887
  • Formaat: Paperback / softback, 624 pages, kõrgus x laius x paksus: 177x251x41 mm, kaal: 1107 g
  • Ilmumisaeg: 13-Dec-2022
  • Kirjastus: Oxford University Press Inc
  • ISBN-10: 0197655882
  • ISBN-13: 9780197655887
This comprehensive textbook applies economic analysis to public law. The economic analysis of law has revolutionized legal scholarship and teaching in the last half-century, but it has focused mostly on private law, business law, and criminal law. This book extends the analysis to fundamental topics in public law, such as the separation of government powers, regulation by agencies, constitutional rights, and elections. Every public law involves six fundamental processes of government: bargaining, voting, entrenching, delegating, adjudicating, and enforcing. The book devotes two chapters to each process, beginning with the economic theory and then applying the theory to a wide range of puzzles and problems in law. Each chapter concentrates on cases and legal doctrine, showing the relevance of economics to the work of lawyers and judges. Featuring lucid, accessible writing and engaging examples, the book addresses enduring topics in public law as well as modern controversies,
including gerrymandering, voter identification laws, and qualified immunity for police.
List of Figures
xvii
List of Tables
xxi
List of Boxes by
Chapter
xxiii
Acknowledgments xxvii
1 Introduction to Public Law and Economics
1(10)
I Positive Law and Economics
2(2)
II Normative Law and Economics
4(1)
III Interpretive Law and Economics
5(1)
IV Making Economics Relevant to Public Law
6(1)
V Organization of the Book
7(4)
2 Theory of Bargaining
11(42)
I Positive Theory of Bargaining
12(14)
A Conflict versus Cooperation
12(2)
B Mixed Bargains
14(2)
Box: Settle or Litigate?
16(1)
C Vote Trading
17(1)
D Sphere of Cooperation
18(1)
E Private Coase Theorem
19(3)
Box: Bargaining and Norms
22(1)
F Public Coase Theorem
22(2)
Box: Everyday Politics?
24(1)
G Coase Theorem as a Rule of Thumb versus Law of Nature
25(1)
II Normative Theory of Bargaining
26(5)
A Efficiency
26(1)
B Representation
27(1)
Box: Majority Rule and Minority Rights
28(1)
C Distribution and Social Welfare
29(1)
Box: Efficient Redistribution
30(1)
III Bargaining Failures
31(13)
A Externalities, Public Goods, and Free Riding
32(2)
Box: The Prisoners Dilemma
34(2)
Box: The Articles of Confederation
36(1)
B Information Asymmetry
36(4)
Box: Optimism: A Menace in Court
40(1)
C Monopoly
40(4)
Box: Madison and the Sphere of Democracy
44(1)
IV Interpretive Theory of Bargaining
44(9)
A The Problem of Legislative Intent
45(1)
B The Bargain Theory of Interpretation
46(4)
Box: The Hierarchy of Legislative History
50(1)
Conclusion
51(2)
3 Bargaining Applications
53(38)
I On Regulation
53(11)
A Congestion and Externalities
54(2)
Box: Marginal Costs and Benefits
56(1)
B Regulation and Information
57(1)
Box: Cost-Benefit Analysis in the Administrative State
58(1)
C The Market Mechanism
59(2)
Box: Collusion and Conservation
61(1)
D Coase or Hobbes?
62(1)
E On Liability
63(1)
II Federalism
64(14)
A Legal Externalities
65(1)
B The Internalization Principle
66(1)
C Introduction to Article I, Section 8
67(4)
D Collective Action Federalism
71(4)
E Commerce Revisited
75(2)
Box: The Dormant Commerce Clause
77(1)
III Separation of Powers
78(13)
A Forms of Separated Powers
78(1)
B Separation and Competition
79(1)
C Checks and Balances
80(2)
Box: The Line-Item Veto
82(1)
D Bargaining across Branches
83(2)
E Take It or Leave It
85(2)
F A Cooling Saucer?
87(2)
Conclusion
89(2)
4 Theory of Voting
91(36)
I Positive Theory of Voting
92(18)
A Why Vote?
92(2)
B Why Abstain?
94(1)
C Representing a Voter's Preferences
95(1)
D Aggregating Votes: Majority Rule
96(3)
E The Median in Governing Bodies
99(1)
Box: The Median Justice
99(1)
F Intransitivity
100(2)
G The Chaos Theorem
102(2)
H Why So Much Stability?
104(4)
I Alternative Voting Procedures
108(1)
Box: Five Voting Rules, Five Winners
109(1)
II Normative Theory of Voting
110(5)
A Pare to Efficiency
111(1)
B Social Welfare
111(3)
C No Equilibrium
114(1)
III Interpretive Theory of Voting
115(10)
A Median and Bargain Democracy
115(3)
Box: The Unbundled Executive
118(1)
B Intentionalism and Intransitivity
119(2)
C The Median Theory of Interpretation
121(2)
Box: The Highest Vote Rule
123(1)
Conclusion
124(1)
Appendix: Arrow's Impossibility Theorem
125(2)
5 Voting Applications
127(50)
I The Right to Vote
127(20)
A Inclusive Voting
128(2)
Box: Election Administration
130(1)
B Exclusive Voting and Externalities
131(2)
C Offsetting Errors
133(2)
D The Optimal Political Community
135(1)
Box: The Twenty-Sixth Amendment
136(1)
E Voter Information
137(1)
Box: Heuristics on the Ballot
138(1)
E Disclosure
139(2)
Box: Disclosure and Corruption
141(2)
G Voter Fraud
143(4)
II Structures of Representation
147(18)
A The Size of Legislatures
147(2)
B Bicameralism
149(2)
C Plurality Rule and Proportional Representation
151(3)
Box: Minor Parties and Stability
154(1)
D One Person, One Vote
155(2)
Box: One Person or One Voter?
157(1)
E Gerrymandering
158(4)
Box: Term Limits
162(1)
F The Electoral College
163(2)
III Government Competition
165(12)
A Direct Democracy
165(2)
B What's a Subject?
167(4)
Box: Prescription or Description?
171(1)
C Mobility
171(2)
D Local Governments and Home Rule
173(2)
Conclusion
175(2)
6 Theory of Entrenchment
177(36)
I Positive Theory of Entrenchment
178(13)
A Credible Commitments
178(3)
Box: Parchment Barriers
181(1)
B Entrenchment and Equilibria
182(2)
C Entrenchment and Incrementalism
184(1)
D Generalizing from Supermajority Rule
185(2)
Box: Unpopular Constitutionalism
187(1)
E Entrenchment and Instability
187(2)
Box: Amend or Convene?
189(2)
II Normative Theory of Entrenchment
191(15)
A Welfare and Democracy
191(2)
B Welfare and Minorities
193(2)
Box: Voting Externalities
195(1)
Box: "Peculiarly Narrow" Governments
196(1)
C Stability and Transition Costs
197(1)
Box: The Paradox of Compensation
198(2)
D Stability and Rationality
200(2)
E On Optimal Entrenchment
202(4)
III Interpretive Theory of Entrenchment
206(7)
A On Precedent
206(2)
B The Transitions Theory of Interpretation
208(2)
Box: Statutory Stare Decisis
210(1)
Conclusion
211(2)
7 Entrenchment Applications
213(52)
I Rights
214(18)
A Definitions of Rights
214(1)
B Rights and Entrenchment
215(2)
C Transaction Costs and Rights
217(1)
Box: Democracy and Distrust
218(2)
D Coase versus Hobbes Revisited
220(2)
Box: "Proportionate Interest Representation"
222(1)
E Rights for Sale
223(2)
F Unconstitutional Conditions
225(2)
Box: "A Gun to the Head"
227(1)
G Local or Universal Rights
228(2)
H Balancing Rights
230(2)
II Equality
232(11)
A Discrimination by the State
233(1)
B Tiers of Scrutiny
234(2)
C Discrimination in a Perfect Market
236(1)
D Discrimination in an Imperfect Market
237(2)
E Discriminatory Signals
239(3)
Box: Ban the Box
242(1)
III Speech
243(13)
A Speech and Monopoly
243(3)
B Speech and Positive Externalities
246(1)
C Speech and Congestion
247(2)
D Harmful Speech
249(3)
Box: The Captive Audience Doctrine
252(1)
E Commercial Speech
252(2)
F Defamation
254(1)
Box: Fake News and the First Amendment
255(1)
IV Constitutional Updating
256(9)
A Updates Constrain Amendments
257(2)
B Institutional Advantage and Constitutional Change
259(3)
C Entrenchment and Updating
262(1)
Conclusion
263(2)
8 Theory of Delegation
265(40)
I The Delegation Game
266(16)
A Principals and Agents
266(2)
B The Strategic Game
268(1)
C When to Delegate
269(1)
D How Much to Delegate
270(2)
Box: The President's Removal Power
272(2)
E Accountability versus Expertise
274(1)
Box: Delegation and Courts
275(1)
F Unilateral Oversight
276(2)
G Multiple Principals
278(2)
Box: The Legislative Veto
280(2)
II Rule Game
282(9)
A Rules, Standards, and Delegation
282(1)
B Strategic Game
283(2)
C When to Use Rules and Standards
285(1)
Box: Does Vagueness Cause Litigation?
286(1)
D Continuous Precision
287(1)
E Drafting and Applying-- Invest Now or Later?
288(2)
Box: Vagueness or Ambiguity?
290(1)
III Normative Analysis of Delegation
291(6)
A Delegation as Offer or Command
291(2)
B Externalization and Allies
293(1)
Box: Is Your Lawyer Your Ally?
294(1)
C Delegation and Representation
295(2)
IV Interpretive Theory of Delegation
297(8)
A The Canons of Construction
297(2)
B The Delegation Canon
299(1)
C Applying the Delegation Canon
300(4)
Conclusion
304(1)
9 Delegation Applications
305(52)
I Agencies and Administrative Law
306(13)
A The Chevron Doctrine
306(2)
B What Do Agencies Maximize?
308(2)
Box: Police Patrols versus Fire Alarms
310(1)
C Institutional Competence
311(3)
D Chevron Revisited
314(4)
Box: Entrench Chevron?
318(1)
II Legal Limits on Delegation
319(7)
A The Nondelegation Doctrine
319(2)
Box: Void for Vagueness
321(1)
B The Cost of Prohibiting Delegation
322(1)
C Nondelegation and Representation
323(3)
III Lobbying, Rent-Seeking, and Agency Capture
326(13)
A Subsidies and Regulations
327(2)
Box: Professionalism or Monopoly?
329(1)
B Lobbying
330(2)
Box: Unions and Free Riding
332(2)
C Lochnerism
334(5)
IV Corruption and Campaign Finance
339(18)
A Bribery Law
340(1)
B Bargaining and Bribes
341(2)
Box: "Bob's for Jobs"? Or for Bribes?
343(2)
C Campaign Contributions
345(3)
Box: Aggregate Corruption
348(1)
D Independent Expenditures
349(4)
Box: Public Financing of Elections
353(2)
Conclusion
355(2)
10 Theory of Adjudication
357(58)
I Positive Theory of the Legal Process
358(26)
A The Value of a Legal Claim
359(3)
Box: Who Pays the Lawyers?
362(2)
B Settlement Bargaining
364(1)
C No Settlement
365(4)
Box: Discovery
369(1)
D Litigation Externalities
370(3)
Box: Playing for the Rule
373(1)
E Trial
374(4)
Box: Juries and the Wisdom of the Crowd
378(2)
F Appeal
380(4)
II Judicial Behavior
384(13)
A The Legal Model
384(2)
Box: What Sustains Judicial Independence?
386(1)
B The Attitudinal Model
387(1)
C The Strategic Model: Separation of Powers
388(3)
Box: Strategic Interpretation
391(1)
D The Strategic Model: Judicial Hierarchy
392(4)
Box: Panel Effects
396(1)
III Normative Theory of Adjudication
397(11)
A Accuracy in Fact-Finding
398(2)
Box: Procedural Due Process
400(1)
B Accuracy in Interpretation
401(3)
C Indeterminacy and Default Rules
404(3)
Box: Optimal Independence
407(1)
IV Interpretive Theory of Adjudication
408(7)
A Purposivism
409(2)
B The Incentive Principle of Interpretation
411(3)
Conclusion
414(1)
11 Adjudication Applications
415(46)
I Methods of Interpretation
416(18)
A Text versus Intent
416(4)
B Law and Coordination
420(2)
Box: A High Bar for Scrivener's Errors
422(1)
Box: Finding the Common Law
423(1)
C Communication in the Long Run
424(3)
Box: Who Reads the Law?
427(1)
D Transition Costs
427(2)
E Justice and Exceptions
429(3)
Box: Minimizing Errors, Maximizing Justice
432(1)
F Epilogue on Interpretation
433(1)
II Legal Doctrine
434(15)
A Revisiting Rules versus Standards
435(2)
B Cycles in Doctrine
437(2)
Box: Cycles of Interpretation
439(1)
C Prophylactic Rules
439(4)
D On Precedent and "Slippery Slopes"
443(3)
Box: The End Game
446(1)
E Acquiescence to Precedent
447(2)
III Puzzles and Paradoxes
449(12)
A The Marks Rule
449(4)
B The Doctrinal Paradox
453(3)
C Intransitivity in Court
456(3)
Box: Bargaining among Judges
459(1)
Conclusion
460(1)
12 Theory of Enforcement
461(42)
I Positive Theory of Enforcement
462(16)
A The Costs and Benefits of Lawbreaking
462(4)
Box: Why Punish?
466(1)
B The "Law" of Deterrence
466(2)
C Law in Books and Law in Action
468(3)
D Enforcement through Settlements
471(3)
Box: Agency Costs in Enforcement
474(1)
E Irrationality and Discounting
475(3)
II Normative Theory of Enforcement
478(12)
A Enforcement and Social Welfare
478(2)
Box: Enforcement and the Rule of Law
480(1)
B Social Welfare and Deterrence
481(2)
C Optimal Deterrence
483(3)
Box: The Excessive Fines Clause
486(1)
D Fines versus Imprisonment
487(2)
Box: Economics and Animus
489(1)
III Interpretive Theory of Enforcement
490(13)
A On Remedies
490(2)
B Introduction to Contempt
492(2)
C Economic Theory of Contempt
494(5)
Box: A License for Crime?
499(1)
D Contempt in Public Law
500(2)
Conclusion
502(1)
13 Enforcement Applications
503(53)
I The Law of Enforcement
504(13)
A Introduction to the Fourth Amendment
504(3)
Box: "Shoot First and Think Later"
507(1)
B Economic Analysis of Search
508(4)
C Exclusion and Immunity Revisited
512(5)
II Enforcement and Legal Design
517(11)
A Enforcing Rules and Standards
517(2)
B Insincere Rules
519(5)
Box: Proxy Crimes
524(1)
C Standards of Proof
525(3)
III Beyond Deterrence
528(19)
A Law as Information
528(2)
Box: Enforcement as Information
530(1)
B Law and Reputation
531(2)
Box: Enforcing International Law
533(1)
C Law and Coordination
534(4)
Box: Coordinating against the State
538(2)
D Re-Coordination and Corner Equilibria
540(4)
E Preference Change
544(3)
IV Judicial Legitimacy
547(9)
A Denning Legitimacy
548(1)
B The Passive Virtues
549(2)
C Modeling Compliance
551(3)
Box: Active Virtues
554(2)
Conclusion 556(1)
Index 557
Robert Cooter is the Herman F. Selvin Professor of Law at the University of California, Berkeley. He is a pioneer in the field of law and economics and has received various awards and fellowships, including the Ronald H. Coase Medal and the Humboldt Research Prize. He was a founding director of the American Law and Economics Association and is a member of the American Academy of Arts and Sciences.

Michael Gilbert is the Vice Dean and Martha Lubin Karsh and Bruce A. Karsh Bicentennial Professor of Law at the University of Virginia, where he teaches classes on election law, legislation, and law and economics. His research applies economic theory to topics in public law, including elections, entrenchment, corruption, and constitutional rights. He is the inaugural director of UVA's Center for Public Law and Political Economy.