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Seismic Amplitude: An Interpreter's Handbook [Kõva köide]

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  • Formaat: Hardback, 280 pages, kõrgus x laius x paksus: 250x190x14 mm, kaal: 800 g, 4 Tables, black and white; 45 Halftones, unspecified; 303 Halftones, color
  • Ilmumisaeg: 17-Apr-2014
  • Kirjastus: Cambridge University Press
  • ISBN-10: 1107011507
  • ISBN-13: 9781107011502
Teised raamatud teemal:
Seismic Amplitude: An Interpreter's HandbookSuurem pilt
  • Formaat: Hardback, 280 pages, kõrgus x laius x paksus: 250x190x14 mm, kaal: 800 g, 4 Tables, black and white; 45 Halftones, unspecified; 303 Halftones, color
  • Ilmumisaeg: 17-Apr-2014
  • Kirjastus: Cambridge University Press
  • ISBN-10: 1107011507
  • ISBN-13: 9781107011502
Teised raamatud teemal:
Püsilink: https://www.kriso.ee/db/9781107011502.html
Märksõnad:
"Seismic amplitudes yield key information on lithology and fluid fill, enabling interpretation of reservoir quality and likelihood of hydrocarbon presence. The modern seismic interpreter must be able to deploy a range of sophisticated geophysical techniques, such as seismic inversion, AVO (amplitude variation with offset), and rock physics modelling, as well as integrating information from other geophysical techniques and well data. This accessible, authoritative book provides a complete framework for seismic amplitude interpretation and analysis in a practical manner that allows easy application - independent of any commercial software products. Deriving from the authors' extensive industry expertise and experience of delivering practical courses on thesubject, it guides the interpreter through each step, introducing techniques with practical observations and helping to evaluate interpretation confidence. Seismic Amplitude is an invaluable day-to-day tool for graduate students and industry professionals in geology, geophysics, petrophysics, reservoir engineering, and all subsurface disciplines making regular use of seismic data"--

Arvustused

'This will be a welcome addition to the library of any geoscientist wanting a firm foundation in state-of-the-art seismic reservoir characterization. Simm and Bacon cover all of the important topics, in a style that is not overly mathematical, and also illustrate each method with well thought out and illustrated geological examples from around the world. I highly recommend this book to anyone wishing to understand this important area of geoscience.' Brian Russell, Vice President, Hampson-Russell Software 'The authors have provided a coherent, comprehensive and, above all, practical guide for interpreters to exploit the information contained in the amplitudes of seismic data. They compare different approaches, highlighting advantages and potential pitfalls, and also explain the terminology. This book will be an invaluable guide for both beginners and experienced professionals and I'd recommended it for all geoscientists working with seismic data.' Patrick Connolly, Senior Advisor, Geophysical Analysis, BP ' this book is well written and nicely organized. The authors provide a comprehensive, detailed, yet practical reference for interpreting seismic amplitudes in terms of lithology and fluid presence, which are crucial in detection, characterization and evaluation of hydrocarbon reservoirs. The book contains a plethora of high-quality illustrations, all in color, that effectively convey the concepts presented. The authors also include numerous examples of real data that demonstrate the methods and potential issues, which have been discussed within the text. This book has many levels of reading, being reachable to beginners and graduate students, but also valuable to experienced researchers and professionals in various fields, such as explanation seismology, structural geology, hydrocarbon engineering, petrology and petrophysics.' Petros Bogiatzis, Pure and Applied Geophysics 'Unlike traditional handbooks which provide concise, ready reference, this is in fact an influential, comprehensive and interdisciplinary piece of work in a relatively young field of geosciences about the use of seismic amplitude for hydrocarbon detection. It is a self-contained attempt comprising everything that is needed to do and know about the topic, covering from essential to specific issues encountered in the field the authors confidently demonstrate their expertise in the field. this book broadly cites past work conducted in the field as it contains more than 450 references throughout its ten chapters, providing a complete and particularly didactic treatment of seismic amplitude for hydrocarbon detection. As the book is multidisciplinary in nature, it can be of interest for beginners as well as experienced practitioners and researchers in geology, geophysics, geotechnics, engineering seismology, petrophysics, reservoir engineering, and even other engineering fields dealing with seismics, such as structural and earthquake engineering.' Carlos Medel-Vera, Contemporary Physics 'This is arguably one of the most helpful handbooks on seismic amplitude interpretation published to date. The book was written by and for seismic interpreters who have experience in academia and the petroleum industry. The quality of the color figures are outstanding and are key when interpreting seismic attributes and in highlighting amplitude anomalies This book is primarily recommended to geologists and geophysicists either working on exploration or development/production projects. This is a book that I will keep on my office desk at all times.' Fernando Neves, The Leading Edge

Muu info

This book introduces practical seismic analysis techniques and evaluation of interpretation confidence, for graduate students and industry professionals - independent of commercial software products.
Preface ix
Acknowledgements x
1 Overview
1(2)
1.1 Introduction
1(1)
1.2 Philosophy, definitions and scope
1(1)
1.3 The practice of seismic rock physics
2(1)
2 Fundamentals
3(20)
2.1 Introduction
3(1)
2.2 Seismic basics
3(3)
2.2.1 Seismic geometry
3(1)
2.2.2 Gathers and stacks
3(3)
2.3 Modelling for seismic interpretation
6(17)
2.3.1 The convolutional model, wavelets and polarity
7(3)
2.3.2 Isotropic and elastic rock properties
10(4)
2.3.3 Offset reflectivity
14(3)
2.3.4 Types of seismic models
17(2)
2.3.5 Relating seismic data to models
19(4)
3 Seismic wavelets and resolution
23(15)
3.1 Introduction
23(1)
3.2 Seismic data: bandwidth and phase
23(1)
3.3 Zero phase and minimum phase
24(1)
3.4 Change of wavelet shape with depth
25(3)
3.5 Idealised wavelets
28(1)
3.6 Wavelet phase and processing
29(3)
3.6.1 Q compensation
29(1)
3.6.2 Zero phasing
29(1)
3.6.3 Bandwidth improvement
30(2)
3.7 Resolution
32(5)
3.7.1 The problem of interference
32(1)
3.7.2 Simple models of interference
32(1)
3.7.3 Estimating vertical resolution from seismic
33(1)
3.7.4 The effect of wavelet shape on resolution
34(1)
3.7.5 Lateral resolution
35(2)
3.8 Detectability
37(1)
4 Well to seismic ties
38(20)
4.1 Introduction
38(1)
4.2 Log calibration -- depth to time
38(2)
4.2.1 Velocities and scale
38(1)
4.2.2 Drift analysis and correction
39(1)
4.3 The role of VSPs
40(3)
4.4 Well tie approaches using synthetics
43(4)
4.4.1 Well tie matching technique
43(4)
4.4.2 Adaptive technique
47(1)
4.5 A well tie example
47(3)
4.6 Well tie issues
50(8)
4.6.1 Seismic character and phase ambiguity
50(1)
4.6.2 Stretch and squeeze
51(2)
4.6.3 Sense checking and phase perception
53(3)
4.6.4 Importance of tie accuracy in horizon mapping
56(1)
4.6.5 Understanding offset scaling
56(1)
4.6.6 Use of matching techniques to measure an improving tie
57(1)
5 Rock properties and AVO
58(52)
5.1 Introduction
58(1)
5.2 AVO response description
58(3)
5.2.1 Positive or negative AVO and the sign of the AVO gradient
58(1)
5.2.2 AVO classes and the AVO plot
58(1)
5.2.3 Introducing the AVO crossplot
59(1)
5.2.4 Examples of AVO responses
59(2)
5.3 Rock property controls on AVO
61(27)
5.3.1 Ranges of parameters for common sedimentary rocks
61(1)
5.3.2 The role of compaction
62(1)
5.3.3 The effect of fluid fill
63(6)
5.3.4 The effects of rock fabric and pore geometry
69(3)
5.3.5 Bed thickness and layering
72(5)
5.3.6 The effects of pressure
77(5)
5.3.7 Anisotropy
82(6)
5.4 The rock model and its applications
88(3)
5.4.1 Examples of rock model applications
88(3)
5.5 Rock properties, AVO reflectivity and impedance
91(16)
5.5.1 AVO projections, coordinate rotations and weighted stacks
92(6)
5.5.2 Angle-dependent impedance
98(4)
5.5.3 Bandlimited impedance
102(5)
5.6 Seismic noise and AVO
107(3)
6 Seismic processing issues
110(15)
6.1 Introduction
110(1)
6.2 General processing issues
111(6)
6.2.1 Initial amplitude corrections
111(1)
6.2.2 Long-wavelength overburden effects
112(1)
6.2.3 Multiple removal
113(1)
6.2.4 Migration
114(1)
6.2.5 Moveout correction
114(1)
6.2.6 Final scaling
115(1)
6.2.7 Angle gathers and angle stacks
116(1)
6.3 Data conditioning for AVO analysis
117(8)
6.3.1 Spectral equalisation
118(1)
6.3.2 Residual moveout removal
118(2)
6.3.3 Amplitude scaling with offset
120(2)
6.3.4 Supergathers
122(1)
6.3.5 Gradient estimation and noise reduction
123(2)
7 Amplitude and AVO interpretation
125(24)
7.1 Introduction
125(1)
7.2 AVO and amplitude scenarios
125(24)
7.2.1 Class II/III hydrocarbon sands and Class I water sands
126(1)
7.2.2 Class III hydrocarbon and water sands
127(2)
7.2.3 Class IV hydrocarbon and water sands
129(1)
7.2.4 Class IIp hydrocarbon sands, Class I water sands
130(2)
7.2.5 Class I hydrocarbon sands, Class I water sands
132(1)
7.2.6 Multi-layered reservoirs
133(2)
7.2.7 Hydrocarbon contacts
135(9)
7.2.8 Carbonates
144(2)
7.2.9 Fractured reservoirs
146(3)
8 Rock physics for seismic modelling
149(48)
8.1 Introduction
149(1)
8.2 Rock physics models and relations
150(27)
8.2.1 Theoretical bounds
150(1)
8.2.2 Empirical models
151(7)
8.2.3 Gassmann's equation
158(4)
8.2.4 Minerals, fluids and porosity
162(6)
8.2.5 Dry rock relations
168(5)
8.2.6 Contact models
173(2)
8.2.7 Inclusion models
175(2)
8.3 Requirements for a rock physics study
177(4)
8.3.1 Data checklist
177(1)
8.3.2 Acoustic logs
178(3)
8.4 Data QC and log edits
181(10)
8.4.1 Bad hole effects
181(1)
8.4.2 Vp and Vs from sonic waveform analysis
182(1)
8.4.3 Log prediction
183(4)
8.4.4 Borehole invasion
187(3)
8.4.5 Sonic correction for anisotropy in deviated wells
190(1)
8.5 Practical issues in fluid substitution
191(3)
8.5.1 Shaley sands
191(2)
8.5.2 Laminated sands
193(1)
8.5.3 Low porosity and permeability sandstones
193(1)
8.6 Rock characterisation and modelling issues
194(3)
9 Seismic trace inversion
197(24)
9.1 Introduction
197(1)
9.2 Deterministic inversion
198(15)
9.2.1 Recursive inversion
198(1)
9.2.2 Sparse spike inversion
198(1)
9.2.3 Model-based inversion
199(4)
9.2.4 Inversion issues
203(5)
9.2.5 Inversion QC checklist
208(1)
9.2.6 Bandlimited vs broadband
208(1)
9.2.7 Inversion and AVO
208(4)
9.2.8 Issues with quantitative interpretation of deterministic inversions
212(1)
9.3 Stochastic inversion
213(8)
10 Seismic amplitude applications
221(33)
10.1 Introduction
221(1)
10.2 Litho/fluid-facies from seismic
221(2)
10.3 Reservoir properties from seismic
223(12)
10.3.1 Reservoir properties from deterministic inversion
223(2)
10.3.2 Simple regression, calibration and uncertainty
225(3)
10.3.3 Reservoir property mapping using geostatistical techniques
228(1)
10.3.4 Net pay estimation from seismic
229(6)
10.4 Time-lapse seismic
235(11)
10.5 Amplitudes in prospect evaluation
246(5)
10.5.1 An interpreter's DHI checklist
247(1)
10.5.2 A Bayesian approach to prospect risking
247(2)
10.5.3 Risking, statistics and other sense checks
249(2)
10.6 Seismic amplitude technology in reserves estimation
251(3)
References 254(16)
Index 270
Rob Simm is a Senior Geophysical Adviser for Cairn Energy PLC and has worked in the oil and gas industry since 1985. He spent the early part of his career working as a seismic interpreter for British independent oil companies including Britoil, Tricentrol and Enterprise Oil. After working in exploration, production and field equity teams, Dr Simm established his own consultancy (Rock Physics Associates Ltd) in 1999, providing project and training services to oil and gas companies. He runs an internationally renowned training course on 'The Essentials of Rock Physics for Seismic Amplitude Interpretation'. Mike Bacon is a Principal Geoscientist for Ikon Science Ltd, having worked for 30 years in the oil industry with Shell, Petro-Canada and Ikon Science. During that time he has interpreted seismic data from various basins around the world, with particular emphasis on extracting useful information from seismic amplitudes. Dr Bacon has served as Publications Officer of the EAGE (European Association of Geoscientists and Engineers), chairing the editorial board of the journal First Break. He has also co-authored a number of practical texts, including, with Rob Simm and Terry Redshaw, 3-D Seismic Interpretation (Cambridge University Press, 2003).