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Sources of Contamination in Medicinal Products and Medical Devices [Kõva köide]

  • Formaat: Hardback, 592 pages, kõrgus x laius x paksus: 231x155x36 mm, kaal: 953 g
  • Ilmumisaeg: 11-Dec-2012
  • Kirjastus: John Wiley & Sons Inc
  • ISBN-10: 047048750X
  • ISBN-13: 9780470487501
Teised raamatud teemal:
  • Formaat: Hardback, 592 pages, kõrgus x laius x paksus: 231x155x36 mm, kaal: 953 g
  • Ilmumisaeg: 11-Dec-2012
  • Kirjastus: John Wiley & Sons Inc
  • ISBN-10: 047048750X
  • ISBN-13: 9780470487501
Teised raamatud teemal:
Bohrer (analytical chemistry, Federal U. of Santa Maria, Brazil) presents a single-volume resource that details the ways in which medicinal products and medical devices may be exposed to contaminants that pose a significant risk to human health. Following an introduction and a guide to resources for contamination control, chapters discuss issues of chemical contamination (including raw materials, medicinal gases and volatile anesthetics, diagnostic imaging agents, containers, closures, delivery systems and filters, and medical devices); physical contamination with particulate matter; microbiological and endotoxin contamination; contamination from sterilization procedures; and biotechnological products. Annotation ©2013 Book News, Inc., Portland, OR (booknews.com)

The first one-volume guide to sources of contamination in pharmaceuticals and medical devices

Most books dealing with contaminants in medicinal products often focus on analytical methods for detecting nonspecific impurities. Key to the work of the pharmaceutical chemist, this unique reference helps identify the sources of contamination in medicinal and pharmaceutical products and medical devices. Divided into three parts, Sources of Contamination in Medicinal Products and Medical Devices covers chemical, microbiological, and physical (particulate matter) contamination, including those originating from sterilization procedures.

As compelling as a medical documentary, the book sheds light on how impurities and contaminants can enter the human body transported via a specific product or treatment. Focusing on only those medicinal products and medical devices that may lead to exposure to contaminants harmful to human health, the book offers a comprehensive, systematic look at the entire universe of medical contamination:

  • Chemical contaminants including residual solvents, catalyst residuals, and genotoxic impurities in active pharmaceutical ingredients (APIs)
  • Diagnostic imaging agents (i.e., radiopharmaceuticals and contrast agents)
  • Microbiological and endotoxin contamination involving single and multiple dose products, medical devices, and biofilms
  • Contamination from sterilization procedures, residuals from radiation sterilization, ionizing radiation on packaging materials and medical devices
  • Medicinal gases and volatile anesthetics
  • Biopharmaceuticals including recombinant DNA technology products
  • Extractables and leachables from containers made of glass, plastics, and metal

Each section of the book contains information on what contaminants could be expected in a particular product, and how they were generated and reached that product. With up-to-date regulatory guidelines for determining contamination, as well as methods for assessing, quantifying, avoiding and removing contaminants, Sources of Contamination in Medicinal Products and Medical Devices is essential to fully understanding the specific threats that undermine the safety of medicines and medical devices.

Preface xv
Acknowledgments xix
1 Introduction
1(6)
Reference
6(1)
2 Directives for Contamination Control
7(10)
PART I CHEMICAL CONTAMINATION
17(300)
3 Raw Materials
19(51)
3.1 Water
19(8)
3.2 Inorganic Impurities
27(5)
3.3 Organic Impurities
32(20)
3.3.1 By-products
32(3)
3.3.2 Genotoxic Impurities (GTIs)
35(4)
3.3.3 Degradation Products
39(13)
3.4 Additives
52(6)
3.5 Residual Solvents
58(12)
Concluding Remarks
63(2)
References
65(5)
4 Medicinal Gases and Volatile Anesthetics
70(26)
4.1 Medicinal Gases
70(10)
4.2 Volatile Anesthetics
80(16)
Concluding Remarks
93(1)
References
94(2)
5 Diagnostic Imaging Agents
96(89)
5.1 Radiopharmaceuticals
98(45)
5.1.1 Technetium-Based Products
100(1)
5.1.1.1 Production of Mo-99
100(3)
5.1.1.2 Generation of Tc-99m
103(4)
5.1.1.3 Labeling Procedures
107(6)
5.1.2 Iodine-Based Products
113(12)
5.1.3 Fluorine-Based Products
125(2)
5.1.3.1 [ 18F]FDG Production and Labeling
127(1)
5.1.3.2 Species Formed during [ 18O]H2O Irradiation
128(9)
5.1.3.3 Residual Solvents and Components Used in the Labeling
137(3)
5.1.3.4 Radiolysis Products Generated by Elevated Activity of the Labeled Compound
140(3)
5.2 Contrast Agents
143(42)
5.2.1 Gadolinium-Based Products
143(15)
5.2.2 Iodine-Based Products
158(14)
5.2.3 Barium Sulfate
172(4)
Concluding Remarks
176(1)
References
177(8)
6 Containers
185(43)
6.1 Glass Containers
185(14)
6.2 Plastic Containers
199(21)
6.2.1 Polymer Formation
199(4)
6.2.2 PVC Containers
203(12)
6.2.3 Other Plastic Containers
215(5)
6.3 Metal Containers
220(8)
Concluding Remarks
223(1)
References
223(5)
7 Closures
228(31)
Concluding Remarks
256(1)
References
256(3)
8 Delivery Systems and Filters
259(31)
8.1 Delivery Systems Made of PVC
260(15)
8.2 Delivery Systems Made of Other Plastic Materials
275(7)
8.3 Filters
282(8)
Concluding Remarks
287(1)
References
287(3)
9 Medical Devices
290(27)
9.1 General Use Devices
293(7)
9.1.1 Medical Gloves
294(1)
9.1.2 Syringes
294(6)
9.2 Extracorporeal Circuits
300(7)
9.3 Devices for Administration of Aerosolized Drugs
307(1)
9.4 Reprocessed Medical Devices
308(1)
9.5 Tissue Substitutes
309(8)
9.5.1 Skin Substitutes and Surgical Dressings
310(1)
9.5.2 Hard Tissue Substitutes
310(1)
9.5.3 Soft Tissue Substitutes
311(2)
Concluding Remarks
313(1)
References
313(4)
PART II PHYSICAL CONTAMINATION
317(32)
10 Particulate Matter
319(30)
Concluding Remarks
345(1)
References
345(4)
PART III MICROBIOLOGICAL CONTAMINATION
349(84)
11 Microbiological and Endotoxin Contamination
351(82)
11.1 Water
355(6)
11.2 Raw Materials
361(6)
11.3 Sterile Products
367(26)
11.3.1 Single- and Multiple-Dose Products
368(3)
11.3.2 Parenteral Nutrition (PN)
371(7)
11.3.3 Propofol
378(6)
11.3.4 Ophthalmic Products
384(9)
11.4 Medicinal Gases
393(1)
11.5 Medical Devices
394(12)
11.5.1 Syringes
395(3)
11.5.2 Endoscopes
398(3)
11.5.3 Other Devices
401(5)
11.6 Biofilms
406(1)
11.7 Dialysis Circuits
407(6)
11.8 Nosocomial Infections
413(20)
Concluding Remarks
420(2)
References
422(11)
PART IV MISCELLANEOUS
433(100)
12 Contamination from Sterilization Procedures
435(77)
12.1 Residuals from Radiation Sterilization
437(46)
12.1.1 Radiolysis of Water
438(1)
12.1.2 Effect of Ionizing Radiation on Drug Products
439(1)
12.1.3 Polymers in Drug Delivery
440(3)
12.1.3.1 Polylactide (PLA) and Poly(lactide-co-glycolide) (PLGA)
443(5)
12.1.3.2 Collagen
448(1)
12.1.3.3 Cellulose and Other Polysaccharides
448(2)
12.1.3.4 Alginate
450(1)
12.1.4 Radiolysis of Selected Nondrug Components
450(1)
12.1.4.1 Residual Solvents
450(1)
12.1.4.2 Monosaccharides
451(1)
12.1.4.3 Starch
451(3)
12.1.5 Effect of Ionizing Radiation on Materials Used in Packaging and in Medical Devices
454(2)
12.1.5.1 Ultra-High-Molecular-Weight Polyethylene (UHMWPE)
456(2)
12.1.5.2 Polyurethane (PU)
458(6)
12.1.5.3 Silicone
464(1)
12.1.5.4 Polyamide (PA)
464(2)
12.1.5.5 Poly(methyl methacrylate) (PMMA)
466(2)
12.1.5.6 Polytetrafluoroethylene (PTFE)
468(1)
12.1.5.7 Polyvinyl Chloride (PVC)
468(2)
12.1.5.8 Polyethylene (PE)
470(3)
12.1.5.9 Polypropylene (PP)
473(5)
12.1.5.10 Polyethylene Terephthalate (PET)
478(1)
12.1.5.11 Polystyrene (PS)
478(1)
12.1.5.12 Polysulfone (PSf)
478(2)
12.1.5.13 Ethylene Vinyl Acetate (EVA)
480(2)
12.1.5.14 Multilayer Materials
482(1)
12.2 Heat Sterilization
483(3)
12.3 Residuals from Chemical Disinfection and Sterilization Agents
486(26)
12.3.1 Ethylene Oxide (EtO)
487(7)
12.3.2 Peracetic Acid and Hydrogen Peroxide
494(3)
12.3.3 Formaldehyde
497(6)
Concluding Remarks
503(1)
References
504(8)
13 Biotechnological Products
512(21)
13.1 DNA and HCP Residuals
516(1)
13.2 Viruses and Mycoplasma
516(2)
13.3 Endotoxin
518(4)
13.4 Protein Degradation
522(2)
13.5 Protein Aggregation
524(9)
Concluding Remarks
530(1)
References
530(3)
Appendix Polymeric Materials: Components, Additives, Extractables, and Degradation Products
533(22)
References
553(2)
Index 555
DENISE BOHRER, PhD, is Professor of Analytical Chemistry at the Federal University of Santa Maria, Brazil. Her research has focused on sources of contamination in pharmaceutical products, specifically, infusion solutions for patients with kidney disease and preterm infants. She has published sixty-eight papers and two book chapters on pharmaceutical manufacturing.