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Sport Officiating: Recruitment, Development, and Retention [Pehme köide]

(University of Ontario Institute of Technology, Canada), (University of Ontario Institute of Technology, Canada), , (University of Ontario Institute of Technology, Canada)
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The goal of Sport Officiating; Recruitment, Development, and Retention is to provide a ‘state of the science’ summary in the emerging area of inquiry limited to sport officiating recruitment, development, and retention; and, to provide insight and evidence-based approaches to the development of successful long-term officiating development



Sport officials are tasked with maintaining order and adjudicating sport contests. Given their multifaceted role in enforcing rules, standardizing competitions, and keeping sport safe for all participants, they are a requisite part of the sport workforce.

With ongoing reports of annual attrition rates in officiating in excess of 20-35% for various sports around the world, there is more than ample evidence that officiating dropout is a persistent, pervasive, and global challenge underpinned by multiple contributing factors including, but not limited to, the threat of verbal and physical abuse. Moreover, despite worldwide recognition and growing interest in the problem, there has not been a comprehensive resource for sport scientists and practitioners studying or working to reverse the ongoing trend.

Sport Officiating: Recruitment, Development, and Retention

provides a ‘state of the science’ summary in the emerging area of inquiry limited to sport officiating recruitment, development, and retention, and, provides insight and evidence-based approaches to the development of successful officiating development programs (ODP).

This book is a primary reference work using a multifaceted, holistic, and evidence-based approach to integrate key findings from the sport science literature to date in suggesting and providing real-world solutions to the practical issues faced by sport organizers.

Sport Officiating: Recruitment, Development, and Retention

is a key resource for researchers interested in the development of sport officials and for sport practitioners aiming to implement officiating development programs (ODP) at any level within sport systems.

List of Figures
xi
List of Tables
xiii
Preface xv
Acknowledgments xvii
1 Introduction to Recruiting, Developing, and Retaining Sport Officials
1(7)
2 Sociohistorical Construction of Officiating and Officiating Research
8(14)
Historical Origins of Sport and Its Evolution
8(4)
Evolution of Sports Officiating Research
12(10)
3 A Conceptual Framework for the Study of Sport Officials
22(15)
Why a New Framework and Theory?
22(3)
A Constraints-Based Model of Officiating
25(4)
Individual Constraints
26(1)
Task Constraints
27(1)
Environmental Constraints
28(1)
Implications for Research and Practice
29(2)
Summary
31(6)
4 Individual Variation among Sport Officials: Categorizing
Skills, Abilities, and Characteristics
37(1)
Conceptualizing Variation in Sport Officials' Characteristics
37(1)
Stable Structural Constraints
38(2)
Malleable Structural Constraints
40(1)
Unstable Structural Constraints
41(1)
Stable Functional Constraints
42(1)
Malleable Functional Constraints
42(5)
Self-Efficacy
43(1)
Communication/Inter-Personal Skills
44(1)
Emotional Self-Regulation
44(1)
Motivation
45(1)
Perceptual-Cognitive Skills
46(1)
Unstable Functional Constraints
47(1)
Implications for Performance and Development
48(9)
5 All Sports Are Not Created Equal: Identifying the Complexities of the Officiating Task
57(14)
Plessner and MacMahon's (2013) Classification of Officials
59(1)
Teaching Games for Understanding Taxonomies
60(1)
Stefani's (1999) Taxonomy of Sport Rating Systems
61(3)
Other Considerations
64(1)
A Dual Continuum Classification Scheme of Officiating Role Demands
65(1)
Equating Task Demands to Training Approaches
66(5)
6 Valuing Sport Officials: Constructing the Optimal Officiating Environment
71(13)
Perceived Organizational Support (POS) and Participation Motivations
73(1)
Creating Supportive Officiating Environments
74(1)
Organizational Governance, Plans, and Policies
75(1)
Education, Training, and Mentorship Programs
75(2)
Transparent Advancement Policies and Processes
77(1)
Simple, Common Sense Everyday Practices
78(1)
Informal and Formal Recognition Strategies
79(1)
Summary
80(4)
7 Developing and Implementing Officiating Development Plans/Programs
84(22)
Developing an Impactful Officiating Development Program
85(1)
Recruitment
86(13)
Recruitment Based on Convenience, Opportunity, and Incentive
86(2)
Athlete-to-Official Recruitment
88(1)
Entry into Officiating
89(2)
Retain
91(2)
Develop
93(1)
Developmental Complexity: Macro and Micro Structures of Practice and Learning
93(2)
Stages and Phases of Development
95(2)
Advancement and Thriving
97(2)
Summary
99(7)
8 Evaluating Your Officiating Development Program
106(17)
Types of Program Evaluations
107(1)
A Practical Approach to Program Evaluation
107(14)
Step 1 Knowing What to Evaluate
108(2)
Step 2 Engaging Stakeholders
110(1)
Step 3 Determining Your Organizational Capacity
111(1)
Step 4 Developing Your Evaluation Questions
112(2)
Step 5 Identifying the Best Way to Collect Data
114(1)
Step 6 Develop Your Evaluation Plan
115(3)
Step 7 Collect Your Data/Information
118(1)
Step 8 Report and Support Use of Findings
119(2)
Summary
121(2)
9 Emerging Issues in Sport and Sport Officiating
123(14)
The Professionalization of Youth Sport
124(1)
Technology and Officiating Decision-making
125(4)
Equity, Diversity, and Inclusion
129(3)
Summary
132(5)
Index 137
Lori Livingston is the Provost and Vice-President, Academic and a Professor in the Faculty of Health Sciences at Ontario Tech University in Oshawa, Ontario, Canada.

Susan L. Forbes is an Adjunct Professor and Manager of the Teaching and Learning Centre at Ontario Tech University in Oshawa, Ontario, Canada.

Nick Wattie is an Assistant Professor in the Faculty of Health Sciences at Ontario Tech University in Oshawa, Ontario, Canada.

Ian Cunningham is a Research Associate in the Faculty of Health Sciences at Ontario Tech University in Oshawa, Ontario, Canada.