This reference for veterinarians covers the major topics related to the lameness of horses, including: the functional anatomy of equine locomotor organs; conformation and movement; the examination for lameness; diagnostic imaging; the role of nutrition in musculoskeletal development and disease; bone diseases; diseases of joints, tendons, and ligaments; lameness; and, trimming and shoeing for balance and soundness. Illustrations are prominently featured throughout. Annotation c. Book News, Inc., Portland, OR (booknews.com)
Preface to the Fifth Edition vii Preface to the Fourth Edition ix Contributors xi Functional Anatomy of Equine Locomotor Organs Robert A. Kainer Anatomic Nomenclature and Usage 1(1) Thoracic Limb 1(42) Pelvic Limb 43(27) Axial Contributors to Locomotion 70(3) Conformation and Movement Ted S. Stashak Cherry Hill Conformation 73(1) Types and Breeds 73(1) Method of Evaluation 73(2) Conformation Components 75(23) Movement 98(15) Examination for Lameness Ted S. Stashak Classification of Lameness 113(3) Signalment and Use 116(1) History (Anamnesis) 116(1) Procedures for Examination 116(69) Equine Diagnostic Imaging Richard D. Park Robert H. Wrigley Phillip F. Steyn Radiography Richard D. Park Equipment 185(12) Radiation Safety 197(1) Technique Charts 198(1) Contrast Examinations 199(6) Principles of Radiographic Interpretation 205(9) Normal Radiographic Anatomy 214(1) Normal Radiographic Anatomy for Equine Lameness Examination 215(91) Computed Radiography 306(1) Xeroradiography 307(1) Computed Tomography 307(2) Magnetic Resonance Imaging 309(1) Thermography 310(2) Ultrasonography of the Tendons, Ligaments, and Joints Robert H. Wrigley Diagnostic Ultrasound 312(5) Imaging Procedures and Protocols 317(6) Principles of Ultrasound Diagnosis 323(3) Normal Sonographic Anatomy for Equine Lameness Examinations 326(1) Normal Sonograms of the Flexor Tendons and Palmar Ligaments of the Forelimb 326(12) Normal Sonograms Distal to the Fetlock 338(3) Normal Sonograms of the Hindlimb 341(6) Nuclear Medicine Phillip F. Steyn Principles 347(1) Radiation Safety and Protection 348(1) Imaging Equipment 349(3) Method 352(2) Indications for Nuclear Bone Scans in Horses 354(1) The Normal Bone Scan 354(8) Scintigraphic Signs of Disease 362(15) The Role of Nutrition in Musculoskeletal Development and Disease Catherine J. Savage Lon D. Lewis The Mare and Foal 377(6) In the Growing Horse 383(5) In the Mature Horse for Maintenance or Work 388(13) Diseases of Bone and Related Structures Gary M. Baxter A. Simon Turner Physis 401(6) Developmental Orthopedic Diseases 407(9) Local Diseases of Bone 416(19) Systemic Diseases of Bone 435(6) Characteristics of Equine Skeletal Muscle 441(6) Diagnosis of Muscle Disorders 447(2) Physical Injuries to Muscle 449(1) Systemic Diseases of Muscle 450(9) Diseases of Joints, Tendons, Ligaments, and Related Structures C. Wayne Mcllwraith Diseases of Joints 459(10) Pathobiology of Joints and Their Reaction to Insult and Injury 469(10) Diagnosis of Joint Disease 479(10) Specific Diseases of Joints: Idiopathic Synovitis (Bog Spavin and Articular Windpuffs) 489(2) Specific Diseases of Joints: Traumatic Arthritis 491(3) Medications for Joint Disease: Nonsteroidal Anti-inflammatory Drugs 494(4) Medications for Joint Disease: Intraarticular Corticosteroids 498(7) Medications for Joint Disease: Sodium Hyaluronate (Hyaluronan) 505(6) Medications for Joint Disease: Polysulfated Polysaccharides 511(5) New Horizons 516(1) Synovectomy 517(1) Specific Diseases of Joints: Chronic Proliferative Synovitis (Villonodular Synovitis) 517(1) Specific Diseases of Joints: Sprains and Luxations, Meniscal Tears, and Osteochondral Fragmentation 518(15) Specific Diseases of Joints: Osteoarthritis (Degenerative Joint Disease) 533(10) Specific Diseases of Joints: Developmental Orthopedic Disease and Its Manifestation in Joint Disease 543(13) Specific Diseases of Joints: Osteochondritis Dissecans 556(13) Specific Diseases of Joints: Subchondral Bone Cysts 569(8) Specific Diseases of Joints: Infective (Septic) Arthritis 577(11) Other Specific Diseases of Joints 588(6) Diseases and Problems of Tendons, Ligaments, and Tendon Sheaths 594(46) Diseases and other Periarticular Tissues 640(5) Lameness The Foot Ted S. Stashak Laminitis 645(19) Navicular Syndrome (Navicular Disease or Navicular Region Pain) 664(16) Navicular (Distal Sesamoid) Bone Fractures 680(2) Sheared Heels or Quarters 682(2) Pedal Osteitis 684(4) Subchondral Bone Cysts of the Distal (Third) Phalanx 688(2) Fractures of the Distal (Third) Phalanx (Pedal Bone, Os Pedis, Coffin Bone) 690(7) Extensor Process (Type 4) Fractures of the Distal (Third) Phalanx 697(5) Pyramidal Distortion of the Hoof and Dorsal Pastern Region (Pyramidal Disease or Buttress Foot) 702(1) Penetrating Wounds of the Foot 703(7) Quittor (Infection and Necrosis of the Collateral (Ungual) Cartilage) 710(3) Gravel (Ascending Infection of the White Line) 713(2) Ossification of the Collateral Cartilages of the Distal Phalanx (Sidebones) 715(2) Sole Bruises and Corns 717(1) Canker 718(1) Thrush 719(1) White Line Disease 720(1) Keratoma 720(3) Selenium Toxicosis 723(2) Avulsion Injuries of the Foot Region 725(7) Toe Cracks, Quarter Cracks, Heel Cracks (Sand Cracks) 732(1) Vertical Tears of the Hoof Wall 733(1) The Pastern Ted S. Stashak Degenerative Joint Disease of the Proximal Interphalangeal (Pastern) Joint (High Ringbone) 733(8) Luxation and Subluxation of the Proximal Interphalangeal (Pastern) Joint 741(3) Fractures of the Middle (Second) Phalanx (P-2) 744(11) Fractures of the Proximal (First) Phalanx (P-1) 755(9) Desmitis of the Distal Sesamoidean Ligaments 764(4) Rachitic Ringbone 768(1) The Fetlock Alicia L. Bertone Osteochondral (Chip) Fractures of the Proximal (First) Phalanx in the Metacarpophalangeal or Metatarsophalangeal (Fetlock) Joint 768(5) Fractures of the Proximal Sesamoid Bones 773(9) Sesamoiditis 782(2) Osteomyelitis of the Axial Border of the Proximal Sesamoid Bones 784(1) Traumatic Arthritis of the Metacarpophalangeal (Fetlock) Joint (Osselets) 785(1) Fetlock Subchondral Bone Cysts 785(1) Traumatic Rupture of the Suspensory Apparatus 786(4) Lateral and Medial Luxation of the Metacarpophalangeal and Metatarsophalangeal Joints (Fetlock Luxation) 790(3) Angular Limb Deformities Associated With the Metacarpophalangeal and Metatarsophalangeal Joints (Fetlock Deviation) 793(3) Constriction of or by the Fetlock Palmar--Plantar Anular Ligament 796(4) The Metacarpus and Metatarsus Alicia L. bertone Periostitis and Fracture of the Dorsal Metacarpus (Bucked Shins, Shin Splints, and Stress Fracture) 800(5) Fractures of the Condyles of the Third Metacarpal and Metatarsal Bones (Condylar Fractures, Longitudinal Articular Fractures) 805(6) Fractures of the Third Metacarpal/Metatarsal (Cannon) Bone 811(6) Angular Limb Deformities Associated With the Diaphysis of the Third Metacarpal/Metatarsal Bones (Cannon Bone) 817(1) Metacarpal/Metatarsal Exostosis (Splints) 818(3) Fractures of the Small Metacarpal and Metatarsal (Splint) Bones 821(5) Lameness Associated With the Origin of the Suspensory Ligament 826(4) Sprain (Desmitis) of the Suspensory Ligament 830(1) Desmitis of the Carpal (Inferior) Check Ligaments 830(1) The Carpus Alicia L. Bertone Angular Limb Deformities Associated With the Carpus (Carpus Valgus and Varus; Medial and Lateral Deviation of the Carpus) 830(11) Dorsal (Anterior) Deviation of the Carpal Joints (Bucked, Sprung, Goat Knees; Flexion Deformity of the Carpus) 841(3) Rupture of the Extensor Carpi Radialis Tendon 844(1) Contracted Tendons and Flexure Deformities 845(1) Hygroma of the Carpus 845(2) Intraarticular Fractures of the Carpus 847(11) Luxations of the Carpal Joints 858(1) Carpal Canal (Tunnel) Syndrome 859(2) Fractures of the Accessory Carpal Bone 861(3) The Forearm (Antebrachium) Ted S. Stashak Osteochondroma Formation at the Distal Radius (Supracarpal Exostoses) 864(3) Sprain (Desmitis) of the Accessory Ligament (Radial or Superior Check Ligament) of the Superficial Digital Flexor Tendon 867(1) Antebrachial Flexor Compartment Syndrome 868(1) Fractures of the Radius 869(10) The Elbow Ted S. Stashak Fractures of the Ulna 879(9) Luxation and Subluxation of the Humeroradial (Elbow) Joint 888(2) Subchondral Defects and Osseous Cysts (Cystlike Lesions) of the Elbow 890(3) Bursities of the Elbow (Olecranon Bursitis) 893(2) The Humerus Ted S. Stashak Fractures of the Humerus 895(8) Paralysis of the Radial Nerve 903(2) The Shoulder Ted S. Stashak Inflammation of the Intertubercular Bursa (Bicipital Bursitis) 905(3) Ossification of the Tendon of the Biceps Brachii Muscle (Calcifying Tendinopathy) 908(2) Inflammation of the Infraspinatus Bursa 910(1) Osteochondrosis of the Scapulohumeral (Shoulder) Joint 910(5) Arthritis of the Scapulohumeral Joint 915(2) Subluxation and Luxation of the Scapulohumeral Joint 917(3) Suprascapular Nerve Injury (Sweeny) 920(3) Fractures of the Scapula 923(3) Fractures of the Supraglenoid Tubercle (Tuberosity) 926(4) Rupture of the Serratus Ventralis Muscles 930(1) The Tarsus Kenneth E. Sullins Distal Tarsal Synovitis and Osteoarthritis (Bone Spavin) 931(11) Distal Tarsitis or Osteoarthritis in Foals 942(4) Distal Tarsitis Syndrome of Harness-Race Horses (Cunean Tendinitis and Bursitis) 946(1) Bog Spavin (Idiopathic Synovitis, Tarsocrural Effusion) 947(3) Osteochondritis Dissecans of the Tarsocrural Joint 950(4) Acquired Bone Cysts of the Tarsus 954(1) Slab and Sagittal Fractures of the Central and Third Tarsal Bones 955(3) Intraarticular Fractures of the Tarsocrural Joint 958(3) Conditions of the Fibular Tarsal Bone (Calcaneus): Fractures 961(2) Conditions of the Fibular Tarsal Bone (Calcaneus): Osteomyelities and Osteolytic Lesions of the Calcaneal Tuber 963(2) Conditions of the Fibular Tarsal Bone (Calcaneus): Osteomyelitis of the Sustentaculum Tali 965(1) Subluxations and Luxations of the Tarsal Joints 966(4) Talocalcaneal Osteoarthritis 970(1) Tarsocrural Collateral Ligament Desmitis, Instability, and Rupture 970(2) Hypoplasia of the Fused First and Second Tarsal Bones 972(1) Idiopathic Tarsocrural Septic Arthritis 972(1) Curb 972(2) Dislocation (Luxation) of the Superficial Digital Flexor Tendon off the Calcaneal Tuber 974(2) Medial Displacement of the Deep Digital Flexor Tendon 976(1) Thorough-pin 977(1) Rupture of the Peroneus Tertius 977(1) Restriction by the Peroneus Tertius Muscle 978(1) Common Calcaneal Tendinitis 978(1) Gastrocnemius Tendinitis 978(1) Rupture or Tearing of the Proximal Attachment of the Gastrocnemius and Superficial Digital Flexor Muscles 979(3) Rupture of the Gastrocnemius Tendon 982(1) Capped Hock 983(1) Stringhalt 983(2) Shivering 985(1) Osteosarcoma of the Distal Tarsus 986(2) The Tibia Kenneth E. Sullins Fractures of the Proximal Tibial Physis 988(1) Fractures of the Distal Tibial Physis 989(1) Tibial Crest Fractures 990(1) Tibial Stress Fractures 991(1) Diaphyseal and Metaphyseal Tibial Fractures 992(4) Fracture of the Fibula 996(1) Ossification Variations of the Tibial Crest (Tuberosity) 997(1) Enostoses of the Tibia 998(4) The Stifle Kenneth E. Sullins Osteochondritis Dissecans of the Stifle Joints 1002(5) Subchondral Cystic Lesions of the Stifle 1007(4) Intraarticular Fractures of the Femoropatellar Joint: Fractures of the Femoral Trochlea 1011(1) Intraarticular Fractures of the Femoropatellar Joint: Fracture of the Patella 1011(2) Intraarticular Fractures of the Femoropatellar Joint: Fragmentation of the Distal Patella 1013(1) Intraarticular Fractures of the Femorotibial Joint 1014(2) Avulsion of the Origin of the Peroneus Tertius and Long Digital Extensor Tendons 1016(1) Intraarticular Lesions of the Femoral Condyles 1016(1) Femorotibial Collateral Ligament Injury 1017(2) Cranial or Caudal Cruciate Ligament Injury 1019(1) Meniscal Injuries 1019(2) Desmitis of the Patellar Ligaments 1021(1) Upward Fixation of the Patella 1022(3) Distal Luxation of the Patella 1025(1) Medial and Lateral Patellar Subluxation and Luxation (Patellar Ectopia) 1026(1) Epiphysitis 1027(1) Synovial Osteochondroma in the Hindlimb 1027(1) The Femur Kenneth E. Sullins Fractures of the Femoral Diaphysis and Metaphysis 1028(4) Fibrotic and Ossifying Myopathy 1032(3) Ruptured Quadriceps 1035(1) Femoral Nerve Paralysis (Crural Paralysis) 1035(1) Calcinosis Circumscripta 1035(2) Trochanteric Bursitis (Trochanteric Lameness, Whirlbone Lameness) 1037(1) The Coxofemoral Joint Dean A. Hendrickson Partial Tear and Rupture of the Accessory (Round) Ligament of the Coxofemoral (Hip) Joint 1037(2) Coxofemoral Luxation (Dislocation of the Hip Joint) 1039(3) Osteochondrosis of the Coxofemoral Joint 1042(1) Osteoarthritis of the Coxofemoral Joint 1043(1) Hip Dysplasia 1043(1) The Pelvis Dean A. Hendrickson Thrombosis of the Caudal Aorta or Iliac Arteries 1044(1) Fractures of the Pelvis 1045(3) Lesions of the Ischial Tuberosity 1048(1) Subluxation of the Sacroiliac Joint (Sacroiliac Strain) 1049(3) The Sacral-Coccygeal Region 1052(1) The Thoracolumbar Spine Dean A. Hendrickson Associated Back Problems 1053(4) Overlapping or Crowding of Thoracic and/or Lumbar Dorsal Spinous Processes 1057(2) Vertebral Body Osteomyelitis and Diskospondylitis 1059(3) Muscle Problems Dean A. Hendrickson Myositis of the Psoas and Longissimus Dorsi Muscles 1062(1) Muscular Dystrophy 1062(1) Muscle Problems Dean A. Hendrickson Myositis of the Psoas and Longissimus Dorsi Muscles 1062(1) Muscular Dystrophy 1062(1) Wobbler Syndrome Alan J. Nixon Cervical Vertebral Malformation 1063(7) Equine Protozoal Myeloencephalitis 1070(2) Equine Degenerative Myeloencephalopathy 1072(1) Equine Herpes Virus Type 1 (EHV-1) 1072(1) Equine Motor Neuron Disease 1073(1) Sorghum sp. Toxicosis (Sudan Grass) 1073(1) Vertebral Osteomyelitis and Epidural Empyema 1073(1) Spinal Nematodiasis 1074(1) Vertebral Fractures 1074(7) Trimming and Shoeing for Balance and Soundness Ted S. Stashak Cherry Hill Richard Klimesh Gene Ovnicek Shoeing Procedure 1081(15) Natural Balance Trimming and Shoeing 1096(11) Common Hoof Problems and Treatment 1107(15) Stress and Strain Resulting From Improper Traction 1122(1) Limb Deformities 1122(1) Corrective and Therapeutic Trimming and Shoeing Techniques 1123(19) Teamwork 1142(3) Index 1145
