Foreword |
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xv | |
Preface To The Second Edition |
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xvii | |
About The Companion Website |
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xxi | |
Introduction-how To Use This Text |
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xxiii | |
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1 Systems, Engineering, and Systems Engineering |
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1 | (16) |
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1.1 Definitions of Key Terms |
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2 | (1) |
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1.2 Approach to this Chapter |
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2 | (1) |
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3 | (4) |
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1.4 Learning to Recognize Types of Systems |
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7 | (1) |
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8 | (4) |
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1.6 System Versus Systems Engineering |
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12 | (1) |
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13 | (1) |
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1.8 Systems Thinking and SE |
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13 | (2) |
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15 | (1) |
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15 | (1) |
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16 | (1) |
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2 The Evolving State of SE Practice-Challenges and Opportunities |
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17 | (32) |
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2.1 Definitions of Key Terms |
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19 | (1) |
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2.2 Approach to this Chapter |
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20 | (1) |
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2.3 The State of SE and System Development Performance |
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20 | (4) |
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2.4 Understanding the Problem: Root Cause Analysis |
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24 | (3) |
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2.5 Industry, Government, Academic, Professional, and Standards Organizations Solutions |
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27 | (5) |
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32 | (10) |
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2.7 Engineering Education Challenges and Opportunities |
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42 | (1) |
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43 | (3) |
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46 | (1) |
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46 | (3) |
Part I System Engineering And Analysis Concepts |
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49 | (206) |
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3 System Attributes, Properties, and Characteristics |
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51 | (25) |
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3.1 Definition of Key Terms |
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51 | (2) |
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3.2 Analytical Representation of a System |
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53 | (2) |
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3.3 System Stakeholders: User and End User Roles |
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55 | (1) |
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56 | (1) |
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56 | (4) |
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3.6 System Characteristics |
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60 | (1) |
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3.7 The System's State of Equilibrium and the Balance of Power |
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61 | (3) |
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3.8 System/Product Life Cycle Concepts |
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64 | (7) |
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3.9 System Acceptability: Challenges for Achieving Success |
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71 | (3) |
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74 | (1) |
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74 | (1) |
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75 | (1) |
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4 User Enterprise Roles, Missions, and System Applications |
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76 | (23) |
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4.1 Definitions of Key Terms |
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76 | (1) |
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4.2 Approach to this Chapter |
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77 | (1) |
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4.3 User Roles and Missions |
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78 | (5) |
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4.4 Understanding and Defining User Missions |
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83 | (5) |
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4.5 Understanding the User's Problem, Opportunity, and Solution Spaces |
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88 | (9) |
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97 | (1) |
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97 | (1) |
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98 | (1) |
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5 User Needs, Mission Analysis, Use Cases, and Scenarios |
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99 | (30) |
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5.1 Definitions of Key Terms |
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100 | (1) |
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5.2 Approach to this Chapter |
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101 | (1) |
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5.3 Commercial/Consumer Product Versus Contract System Development |
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101 | (2) |
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5.4 User Operational Needs Identification |
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103 | (4) |
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107 | (7) |
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5.6 Mission Operational Effectiveness |
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114 | (3) |
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5.7 Defining Mission and System UCs and Scenarios |
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117 | (10) |
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127 | (1) |
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127 | (1) |
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128 | (1) |
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6 System Concepts Formulation and Development |
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129 | (18) |
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6.1 Definitions of Key Terms |
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129 | (2) |
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6.2 Conceptualization of System Operations |
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131 | (1) |
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6.3 The System Operations Model |
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131 | (7) |
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6.4 Formulating and Developing the System Concepts |
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138 | (6) |
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144 | (1) |
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145 | (1) |
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145 | (2) |
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7 System Command and Control (C2) - Phases, Modes, and States of Operation |
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147 | (27) |
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7.1 Definitions of Key Terms |
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148 | (1) |
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7.2 Approach to this Chapter |
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149 | (1) |
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7.3 System Phases of Operation |
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150 | (1) |
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7.4 Introduction to System Modes and States |
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151 | (3) |
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7.5 Enterprise Perspective-Engineered System States |
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154 | (3) |
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7.6 Engineering Perspective-Modes and States |
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157 | (11) |
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7.7 Applying Phases, Modes, and States of Operation |
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168 | (1) |
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7.8 Modes and States Constraints |
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169 | (3) |
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172 | (1) |
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172 | (1) |
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173 | (1) |
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8 System Levels of Abstraction, Semantics, and Elements |
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174 | (24) |
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8.1 Definitions of Key Terms |
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174 | (1) |
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8.2 Establishing and Bounding the System's Context |
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175 | (1) |
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8.3 System Levels of Abstraction and Semantics |
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176 | (5) |
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8.4 System Decomposition Versus Integration Entity Relationships |
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181 | (2) |
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8.5 Logical-Physical Entity Relationship (ER) Concepts |
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183 | (3) |
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8.6 Architectural System Element Concepts |
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186 | (10) |
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196 | (1) |
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196 | (1) |
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197 | (1) |
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9 Architectural Frameworks of the SOI and Its Operating Environment |
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198 | (21) |
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9.1 Definitions of Key Terms |
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198 | (1) |
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9.2 Approach to this Chapter |
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199 | (1) |
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9.3 Introduction to the SOI Architecture |
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199 | (2) |
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9.4 Understanding the OE Architecture |
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201 | (8) |
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9.5 Other Architectural Frameworks |
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209 | (1) |
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9.6 Understanding The System Threat Environment |
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209 | (2) |
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211 | (7) |
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218 | (1) |
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218 | (1) |
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218 | (1) |
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10 Modeling Mission System and Enabling System Operations |
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219 | (26) |
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10.1 Definitions of Key Terms |
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219 | (1) |
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10.2 Approach to this Chapter |
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219 | (1) |
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10.3 The System Behavioral Response Model |
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220 | (1) |
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10.4 System Command & Control (C2) Interaction Constructs |
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221 | (4) |
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10.5 Modeling System Control Flow and Data Flow Operations |
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225 | (5) |
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10.6 Modeling Mission System and Enabling System Operations |
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230 | (5) |
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10.7 Modeling an Operational Capability |
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235 | (6) |
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10.8 Nested Operational Cycles |
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241 | (1) |
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10.9 Model-Based Systems Engineering (MBSE) |
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241 | (2) |
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243 | (1) |
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243 | (1) |
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243 | (2) |
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11 Analytical Problem-Solving and Solution Development Synthesis |
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245 | (10) |
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11.1 Definitions of Key Terms |
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245 | (1) |
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11.2 Part I: System Engineering and Analysis Concepts Synthesis |
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245 | (1) |
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11.3 Shifting to a New Systems Engineering Paradigm |
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246 | (2) |
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11.4 The Four Domain Solutions Methodology |
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248 | (3) |
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251 | (3) |
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254 | (1) |
Part II System Engineering And Development Practices |
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255 | (394) |
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12 Introduction to System Development Strategies |
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257 | (13) |
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12.1 Definitions of Key Terms |
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258 | (1) |
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12.2 Approach to this Chapter |
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259 | (1) |
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12.3 System Development Workflow Strategy |
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260 | (2) |
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12.4 Multi-Level Systems Design and Development Strategy |
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262 | (6) |
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268 | (1) |
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268 | (1) |
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269 | (1) |
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13 System Verification and Validation (V&V) Strategy |
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270 | (23) |
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13.1 Definitions of Key Terms |
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270 | (2) |
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13.2 Approach to this Chapter |
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272 | (3) |
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13.3 System V&V Concepts Overview |
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275 | (3) |
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13.4 System Verification Practices |
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278 | (5) |
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13.5 System Validation Practices |
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283 | (2) |
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13.6 Applying V&V to the System Development Workflow Processes |
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285 | (5) |
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13.7 Independent Verification & Validation (IV&V) |
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290 | (1) |
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291 | (1) |
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292 | (1) |
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292 | (1) |
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14 The Wasson Systems Engineering Process |
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293 | (20) |
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14.1 Definitions of Key Terms |
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293 | (1) |
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14.2 Approach to this Chapter |
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294 | (1) |
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14.3 Evolution of SE Processes |
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294 | (2) |
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14.4 The Wasson SE Process Model |
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296 | (10) |
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14.5 Wasson SE Process Model Characteristics |
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306 | (4) |
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14.6 Application of the Wasson SE Process Model |
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310 | (1) |
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14.7 The Strength of the Wasson SE Process Model |
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311 | (1) |
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311 | (1) |
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312 | (1) |
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312 | (1) |
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15 System Development Process Models |
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313 | (31) |
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15.1 Definitions of Key Terms |
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314 | (1) |
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15.2 Introduction to the System Development Models |
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315 | (1) |
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15.3 Waterfall Development Strategy and Model |
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316 | (2) |
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15.4 "V" System Development Strategy and Model |
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318 | (4) |
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15.5 Spiral Development Strategy and Model |
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322 | (2) |
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15.6 Iterative and Incremental Development Model |
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324 | (1) |
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15.7 Evolutionary Development Strategy and Model |
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325 | (1) |
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15.8 Agile Development Strategy and Model |
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326 | (15) |
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15.9 Selection of System Versus Component Development Models |
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341 | (1) |
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342 | (1) |
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342 | (1) |
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342 | (2) |
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16 System Configuration Identification and Component Selection Strategy |
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344 | (21) |
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16.1 Definitions of Key Terms |
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345 | (2) |
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16.2 Items: Building Blocks of Systems |
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347 | (1) |
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16.3 Understanding Configuration Identification Semantics |
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347 | (5) |
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16.4 Configuration Item (CI) Implementation |
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352 | (3) |
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16.5 Developmental Configuration Baselines |
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355 | (3) |
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16.6 Component Selection and Development |
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358 | (1) |
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16.7 Vendor Product Semantics |
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359 | (1) |
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16.8 Component Selection Methodology |
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360 | (1) |
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16.9 Driving Issues that Influence COTS/NDI Selection |
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361 | (2) |
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363 | (1) |
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363 | (1) |
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364 | (1) |
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17 System Documentation Strategy |
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365 | (11) |
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17.1 Definitions of Key Terms |
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366 | (1) |
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17.2 Quality System and Engineering Data Records |
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366 | (1) |
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17.3 System Design and Development Data |
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367 | (1) |
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17.4 Data Accession List (DAL) and Data Criteria List (DCL) |
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368 | (1) |
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17.5 SE and Development Documentation Sequencing |
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369 | (1) |
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17.6 Documentation Levels of Formality |
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370 | (1) |
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17.7 Export Control of Sensitive Data and Technology |
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371 | (2) |
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17.8 System Documentation Issues |
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373 | (1) |
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374 | (1) |
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374 | (1) |
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375 | (1) |
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18 Technical Reviews Strategy |
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376 | (21) |
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18.1 Definitions of Key Terms |
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376 | (2) |
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18.2 Approach to this Chapter |
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378 | (1) |
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18.3 Technical Reviews Overview |
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378 | (2) |
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18.4 Conduct of Technical Reviews |
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380 | (1) |
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18.5 Contract Review Requirements |
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381 | (2) |
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18.6 In-Process Reviews (IPRs) |
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383 | (1) |
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18.7 Contract Technical Reviews |
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384 | (11) |
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395 | (1) |
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395 | (1) |
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396 | (1) |
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19 System Specification Concepts |
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397 | (18) |
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19.1 Definitions of Key Terms |
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397 | (1) |
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19.2 What is a Specification? |
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398 | (2) |
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19.3 Attributes of a Well-Defined Specification |
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400 | (3) |
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19.4 Types of Specifications |
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403 | (2) |
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19.5 Key Elements of a Specification |
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405 | (3) |
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19.6 Specification Requirements |
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408 | (5) |
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413 | (1) |
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413 | (1) |
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414 | (1) |
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20 Specification Development Approaches |
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415 | (14) |
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20.1 Definitions of Key Terms |
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415 | (1) |
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20.2 Approach to this Chapter |
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416 | (1) |
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20.3 Introduction to Specification Development |
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416 | (4) |
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20.4 Specification Development Approaches |
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420 | (6) |
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426 | (1) |
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20.6 Specification Reviews |
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426 | (2) |
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428 | (1) |
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428 | (1) |
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428 | (1) |
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21 Requirements Derivation, Allocation, Flow Down, and Traceability |
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429 | (17) |
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21.1 Definitions of Key Terms |
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429 | (1) |
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21.2 Approach to this Chapter |
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430 | (1) |
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21.3 Introduction to Requirements Derivation, Allocation Flowdown, & Traceability |
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430 | (6) |
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21.4 Requirements Derivation Methods |
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436 | (1) |
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21.5 Requirements Derivation and Allocation Across Entity Boundaries |
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436 | (2) |
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21.6 Requirements Allocation |
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438 | (1) |
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21.7 Requirements Traceability |
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439 | (3) |
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21.8 Technical Performance Measures (TPMs) |
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442 | (3) |
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445 | (1) |
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445 | (1) |
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445 | (1) |
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22 Requirements Statement Development |
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446 | (19) |
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22.1 Definition of Key Terms |
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446 | (1) |
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22.2 Approach to this Chapter |
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446 | (1) |
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22.3 Introduction to Requirements Statement Development |
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447 | (2) |
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22.4 Preparing the Requirement Statement |
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449 | (4) |
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22.5 Selection of Requirement Verification Methods |
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453 | (3) |
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22.6 Requirements Traceability and Verification Tools |
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456 | (3) |
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22.7 Requirements Statement Development Guidelines |
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459 | (3) |
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22.8 When Does a Requirement Become "Official"? |
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462 | (1) |
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462 | (2) |
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464 | (1) |
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464 | (1) |
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23 Specification Analysis |
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465 | (15) |
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23.1 Definition of Key Terms |
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465 | (1) |
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23.2 Analyzing Existing Specifications |
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466 | (1) |
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23.3 Specification Assessment Checklist |
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467 | (4) |
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23.4 Specification Analysis Methods |
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471 | (1) |
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23.5 Specification Deficiencies Checklist |
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472 | (4) |
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23.6 Resolution of Specification COI/CTI Issues |
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476 | (1) |
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23.7 Requirements Compliance |
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477 | (1) |
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478 | (1) |
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478 | (1) |
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479 | (1) |
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24 User-Centered System Design (UCSD) |
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480 | (38) |
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24.1 Definitions of Key Terms |
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481 | (2) |
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24.2 Approach to this Chapter |
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483 | (1) |
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24.3 Introduction to UCSD |
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484 | (9) |
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24.4 Understanding Human Factors (HF) and Ergonomics |
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493 | (16) |
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24.5 Situational Assessment: Areas of Concern |
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509 | (3) |
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24.6 Complex System Development |
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512 | (1) |
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24.7 SE HF and Ergonomics Actions |
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512 | (2) |
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514 | (1) |
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515 | (1) |
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515 | (3) |
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25 Engineering Standards of Units, Coordinate Systems, and Conventions |
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518 | (24) |
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25.1 Definitions of Key Terms |
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518 | (1) |
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25.2 Approach to this Chapter |
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519 | (1) |
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25.3 Engineering Standards |
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520 | (1) |
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25.4 Standards for Units, Weights, and Measures |
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520 | (2) |
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25.5 Coordinate Reference Systems |
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522 | (12) |
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25.6 Defining a System's Free Body Dynamics |
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534 | (4) |
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25.7 Applying Engineering Standards and Conventions |
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538 | (1) |
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25.8 Engineering Standards and Conventions Lessons Learned |
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538 | (2) |
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540 | (1) |
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540 | (1) |
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541 | (1) |
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26 System and Entity Architecture Development |
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542 | (33) |
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26.1 Definitions of Key Terms |
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542 | (1) |
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26.2 Approach to this Chapter |
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543 | (1) |
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26.3 Introduction to System Architecture Development |
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544 | (10) |
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26.4 Development of System Architectures |
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554 | (5) |
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26.5 Advanced System Architecture Topics |
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559 | (13) |
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572 | (1) |
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573 | (1) |
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574 | (1) |
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27 System Interface Definition, Analysis, Design, and Control |
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575 | (24) |
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27.1 Definitions of Key Terms |
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576 | (1) |
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27.2 Approach to this Chapter |
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576 | (1) |
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27.3 Interface Ownership, Work Products, and Control Concepts |
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577 | (6) |
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27.4 Interface Definition Methodology |
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583 | (5) |
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27.5 Interface Design-Advanced Topics |
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588 | (4) |
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27.6 Interface Definition and Control Challenges and Solutions |
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592 | (5) |
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597 | (1) |
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598 | (1) |
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598 | (1) |
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28 System Integration, Test, and Evaluation (SITE) |
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599 | (24) |
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28.1 Definitions of Key Terms |
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599 | (2) |
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601 | (3) |
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28.3 Key Elements of Site |
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604 | (6) |
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610 | (2) |
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28.5 Establishing the Test Organization |
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612 | (1) |
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28.6 Developing Test Cases (TCs) and Acceptance Test Procedures (ATPs) |
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613 | (1) |
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28.7 Performing SITE Tasks |
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614 | (3) |
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28.8 Common Integration and Test Challenges and Issues |
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617 | (4) |
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621 | (1) |
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621 | (1) |
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622 | (1) |
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29 System Deployment, OM&S, Retirement, and Disposal |
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623 | (26) |
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29.1 Definitions of Key Terms |
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624 | (1) |
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29.2 Approach to this Chapter |
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625 | (1) |
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29.3 System Deployment Operations |
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626 | (12) |
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29.4 System Operation, Maintenance, & Sustainment (OM&S) |
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638 | (7) |
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29.5 System Retirement (Phase-Out) Operations |
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645 | (1) |
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29.6 System Disposal Operations |
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646 | (1) |
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646 | (1) |
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646 | (1) |
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647 | (2) |
Part III Analytical Decision Support Practices |
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649 | (143) |
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30 Introduction to Analytical Decision Support |
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651 | (15) |
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30.1 Definitions of Key Terms |
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651 | (1) |
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30.2 What is Analytical Decision Support? |
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652 | (1) |
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30.3 Attributes of Technical Decisions |
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652 | (2) |
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30.4 Types of Engineering Analyses |
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654 | (1) |
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30.5 System Performance Analysis and Evaluation |
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654 | (5) |
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30.6 Statistical Influences on System Design |
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659 | (5) |
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664 | (1) |
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665 | (1) |
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665 | (1) |
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31 System Performance Analysis, Budgets, and Safety Margins |
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|
666 | (16) |
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31.1 Definitions of Key Terms |
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|
667 | (1) |
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31.2 Performance "Design-To" Budgets and Safety Margins |
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|
667 | (5) |
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31.3 Analyzing System Performance |
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|
672 | (7) |
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31.4 Real-Time Control and Frame-Based Systems |
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|
679 | (1) |
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31.5 System Performance Optimization |
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|
679 | (1) |
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31.6 System Analysis Reporting |
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|
680 | (1) |
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|
680 | (1) |
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|
680 | (1) |
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|
681 | (1) |
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32 Trade Study Analysis of Alternatives (AoA) |
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|
682 | (21) |
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32.1 Definitions of Key Terms |
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|
682 | (1) |
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32.2 Introduction to Multivariate Analysis of Alternatives (AoA) |
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|
683 | (5) |
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32.3 Chartering a Trade Study |
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|
688 | (1) |
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32.4 Establishing the Trade Study Methodology |
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|
689 | (1) |
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32.5 Trade Study Quantitative Approaches |
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|
690 | (5) |
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32.6 Trade Study Utility or Scoring Functions |
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|
695 | (1) |
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32.7 Sensitivity Analysis |
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|
696 | (1) |
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32.8 Trade Study Reports (TSRs) |
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|
696 | (1) |
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32.9 Trade Study Decision |
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|
697 | (2) |
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32.10 Trade Study Risk Areas |
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|
699 | (2) |
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32.11 Trade Study Lessons Learned |
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|
701 | (1) |
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|
701 | (1) |
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|
701 | (1) |
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|
701 | (2) |
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33 System Modeling and Simulation (M&S) |
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|
703 | (18) |
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33.1 Definitions of Key Terms |
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|
704 | (1) |
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33.2 Technical Decision-Making Aids |
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|
705 | (1) |
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33.3 Simulation-Based Models |
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|
705 | (4) |
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33.4 Application Examples of M&S |
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|
709 | (8) |
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33.5 M&S Challenges and Issues |
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|
717 | (2) |
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|
719 | (1) |
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|
719 | (1) |
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|
720 | (1) |
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34 System Reliability, Maintainability, and Availability (RMA) |
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|
721 | (71) |
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34.1 Definitions of Key Terms |
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|
722 | (1) |
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34.2 Approach to this Chapter |
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|
723 | (2) |
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|
725 | (43) |
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34.4 Understanding System Maintainability |
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|
768 | (11) |
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|
779 | (2) |
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34.6 Optimizing RMA Trade-Offs |
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|
781 | (2) |
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34.7 Reliability-Centered Maintenance (RCM) |
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|
783 | (5) |
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34.8 System RMA Challenges |
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|
788 | (1) |
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|
789 | (1) |
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|
789 | (1) |
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|
790 | (2) |
Epilog |
|
792 | (3) |
Appendix A Acronyms and Abbreviations |
|
795 | (6) |
Appendix B INCOSE Handbook Traceability |
|
801 | (10) |
Appendix C System Modeling Language (SysML™) Constructs |
|
811 | (10) |
Index |
|
821 | |