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E-raamat: System Engineering Analysis, Design, and Development: Concepts, Principles, and Practices

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System Engineering Analysis, Design, and Development: Concepts, Principles, and PracticesSuurem pilt
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Praise for the first edition:

"This excellent text will be useful to every system engineer (SE) regardless of the domain. It covers ALL relevant SE material and does so in a very clear, methodical fashion. The breadth and depth of the author's presentation of SE principles and practices is outstanding." Philip Allen

This textbook presents a comprehensive, step-by-step guide to System Engineering analysis, design, and development via an integrated set of concepts, principles, practices, and methodologies. The methods presented in this text apply to any type of human system -- small, medium, and large organizational systems and system development projects delivering engineered systems or services across multiple business sectors such as medical, transportation, financial, educational, governmental, aerospace and defense, utilities, political, and charity, among others.





Provides a common focal point for bridging the gap between and unifying System Users, System Acquirers, multi-discipline System Engineering, and Project, Functional, and Executive Management education, knowledge, and decision-making for developing systems, products, or services Each chapter provides definitions of key terms, guiding principles, examples, authors notes, real-world examples, and exercises, which highlight and reinforce key SE&D concepts and practices Addresses concepts employed in Model-Based Systems Engineering (MBSE), Model-Driven Design (MDD), Unified Modeling Language (UMLTM) / Systems Modeling Language (SysMLTM), and Agile/Spiral/V-Model Development such as user needs, stories, and use cases analysis; specification development; system architecture development; User-Centric System Design (UCSD); interface definition & control; system integration & test; and Verification & Validation (V&V) Highlights/introduces a new 21st Century Systems Engineering & Development (SE&D) paradigm that is easy to understand and implement. Provides practices that are critical staging points for technical decision making such as Technical Strategy Development; Life Cycle requirements; Phases, Modes, & States; SE Process; Requirements Derivation; System Architecture Development, User-Centric System Design (UCSD); Engineering Standards, Coordinate Systems, and Conventions; et al.

Thoroughly illustrated, with end-of-chapter exercises and numerous case studies and examples, Systems Engineering Analysis, Design, and Development, Second Edition is a primary textbook for multi-discipline, engineering, system analysis, and project management undergraduate/graduate level students and a valuable reference for professionals.
Foreword xv
Preface To The Second Edition xvii
About The Companion Website xxi
Introduction-how To Use This Text xxiii
1 Systems, Engineering, and Systems Engineering
1(16)
1.1 Definitions of Key Terms
2(1)
1.2 Approach to this
Chapter
2(1)
1.3 What is a System?
3(4)
1.4 Learning to Recognize Types of Systems
7(1)
1.5 What is SE?
8(4)
1.6 System Versus Systems Engineering
12(1)
1.7 SE: Historical Notes
13(1)
1.8 Systems Thinking and SE
13(2)
1.9
Chapter Summary
15(1)
1.10
Chapter Exercises
15(1)
1.11 References
16(1)
2 The Evolving State of SE Practice-Challenges and Opportunities
17(32)
2.1 Definitions of Key Terms
19(1)
2.2 Approach to this
Chapter
20(1)
2.3 The State of SE and System Development Performance
20(4)
2.4 Understanding the Problem: Root Cause Analysis
24(3)
2.5 Industry, Government, Academic, Professional, and Standards Organizations Solutions
27(5)
2.6 Defining the Problem
32(10)
2.7 Engineering Education Challenges and Opportunities
42(1)
2.8
Chapter Summary
43(3)
2.9
Chapter Exercises
46(1)
2.10 References
46(3)
Part I System Engineering And Analysis Concepts 49(206)
3 System Attributes, Properties, and Characteristics
51(25)
3.1 Definition of Key Terms
51(2)
3.2 Analytical Representation of a System
53(2)
3.3 System Stakeholders: User and End User Roles
55(1)
3.4 System Attributes
56(1)
3.5 System Properties
56(4)
3.6 System Characteristics
60(1)
3.7 The System's State of Equilibrium and the Balance of Power
61(3)
3.8 System/Product Life Cycle Concepts
64(7)
3.9 System Acceptability: Challenges for Achieving Success
71(3)
3.10
Chapter Summary
74(1)
3.11
Chapter Exercises
74(1)
3.12 References
75(1)
4 User Enterprise Roles, Missions, and System Applications
76(23)
4.1 Definitions of Key Terms
76(1)
4.2 Approach to this
Chapter
77(1)
4.3 User Roles and Missions
78(5)
4.4 Understanding and Defining User Missions
83(5)
4.5 Understanding the User's Problem, Opportunity, and Solution Spaces
88(9)
4.6
Chapter Summary
97(1)
4.7
Chapter Exercises
97(1)
4.8 References
98(1)
5 User Needs, Mission Analysis, Use Cases, and Scenarios
99(30)
5.1 Definitions of Key Terms
100(1)
5.2 Approach to this
Chapter
101(1)
5.3 Commercial/Consumer Product Versus Contract System Development
101(2)
5.4 User Operational Needs Identification
103(4)
5.5 Mission Analysis
107(7)
5.6 Mission Operational Effectiveness
114(3)
5.7 Defining Mission and System UCs and Scenarios
117(10)
5.8
Chapter Summary
127(1)
5.9
Chapter Exercises
127(1)
5.10 References
128(1)
6 System Concepts Formulation and Development
129(18)
6.1 Definitions of Key Terms
129(2)
6.2 Conceptualization of System Operations
131(1)
6.3 The System Operations Model
131(7)
6.4 Formulating and Developing the System Concepts
138(6)
6.5
Chapter Summary
144(1)
6.6
Chapter Exercises
145(1)
6.7 References
145(2)
7 System Command and Control (C2) - Phases, Modes, and States of Operation
147(27)
7.1 Definitions of Key Terms
148(1)
7.2 Approach to this
Chapter
149(1)
7.3 System Phases of Operation
150(1)
7.4 Introduction to System Modes and States
151(3)
7.5 Enterprise Perspective-Engineered System States
154(3)
7.6 Engineering Perspective-Modes and States
157(11)
7.7 Applying Phases, Modes, and States of Operation
168(1)
7.8 Modes and States Constraints
169(3)
7.9
Chapter Summary
172(1)
7.10
Chapter Exercises
172(1)
7.11 References
173(1)
8 System Levels of Abstraction, Semantics, and Elements
174(24)
8.1 Definitions of Key Terms
174(1)
8.2 Establishing and Bounding the System's Context
175(1)
8.3 System Levels of Abstraction and Semantics
176(5)
8.4 System Decomposition Versus Integration Entity Relationships
181(2)
8.5 Logical-Physical Entity Relationship (ER) Concepts
183(3)
8.6 Architectural System Element Concepts
186(10)
8.7
Chapter Summary
196(1)
8.8
Chapter Exercises
196(1)
8.9 References
197(1)
9 Architectural Frameworks of the SOI and Its Operating Environment
198(21)
9.1 Definitions of Key Terms
198(1)
9.2 Approach to this
Chapter
199(1)
9.3 Introduction to the SOI Architecture
199(2)
9.4 Understanding the OE Architecture
201(8)
9.5 Other Architectural Frameworks
209(1)
9.6 Understanding The System Threat Environment
209(2)
9.7 SOI Interfaces
211(7)
9.8
Chapter Summary
218(1)
9.9
Chapter Exercises
218(1)
9.10 References
218(1)
10 Modeling Mission System and Enabling System Operations
219(26)
10.1 Definitions of Key Terms
219(1)
10.2 Approach to this
Chapter
219(1)
10.3 The System Behavioral Response Model
220(1)
10.4 System Command & Control (C2) Interaction Constructs
221(4)
10.5 Modeling System Control Flow and Data Flow Operations
225(5)
10.6 Modeling Mission System and Enabling System Operations
230(5)
10.7 Modeling an Operational Capability
235(6)
10.8 Nested Operational Cycles
241(1)
10.9 Model-Based Systems Engineering (MBSE)
241(2)
10.10
Chapter Summary
243(1)
10.11
Chapter Exercises
243(1)
10.12 References
243(2)
11 Analytical Problem-Solving and Solution Development Synthesis
245(10)
11.1 Definitions of Key Terms
245(1)
11.2 Part I: System Engineering and Analysis Concepts Synthesis
245(1)
11.3 Shifting to a New Systems Engineering Paradigm
246(2)
11.4 The Four Domain Solutions Methodology
248(3)
11.5
Chapter Summary
251(3)
11.6 References
254(1)
Part II System Engineering And Development Practices 255(394)
12 Introduction to System Development Strategies
257(13)
12.1 Definitions of Key Terms
258(1)
12.2 Approach to this
Chapter
259(1)
12.3 System Development Workflow Strategy
260(2)
12.4 Multi-Level Systems Design and Development Strategy
262(6)
12.5
Chapter Summary
268(1)
12.6
Chapter Exercises
268(1)
12.7 References
269(1)
13 System Verification and Validation (V&V) Strategy
270(23)
13.1 Definitions of Key Terms
270(2)
13.2 Approach to this
Chapter
272(3)
13.3 System V&V Concepts Overview
275(3)
13.4 System Verification Practices
278(5)
13.5 System Validation Practices
283(2)
13.6 Applying V&V to the System Development Workflow Processes
285(5)
13.7 Independent Verification & Validation (IV&V)
290(1)
13.8
Chapter Summary
291(1)
13.9
Chapter Exercises
292(1)
13.10 References
292(1)
14 The Wasson Systems Engineering Process
293(20)
14.1 Definitions of Key Terms
293(1)
14.2 Approach to this
Chapter
294(1)
14.3 Evolution of SE Processes
294(2)
14.4 The Wasson SE Process Model
296(10)
14.5 Wasson SE Process Model Characteristics
306(4)
14.6 Application of the Wasson SE Process Model
310(1)
14.7 The Strength of the Wasson SE Process Model
311(1)
14.8
Chapter Summary
311(1)
14.9
Chapter Exercises
312(1)
14.10 References
312(1)
15 System Development Process Models
313(31)
15.1 Definitions of Key Terms
314(1)
15.2 Introduction to the System Development Models
315(1)
15.3 Waterfall Development Strategy and Model
316(2)
15.4 "V" System Development Strategy and Model
318(4)
15.5 Spiral Development Strategy and Model
322(2)
15.6 Iterative and Incremental Development Model
324(1)
15.7 Evolutionary Development Strategy and Model
325(1)
15.8 Agile Development Strategy and Model
326(15)
15.9 Selection of System Versus Component Development Models
341(1)
15.10
Chapter Summary
342(1)
15.11
Chapter Exercises
342(1)
15.12 References
342(2)
16 System Configuration Identification and Component Selection Strategy
344(21)
16.1 Definitions of Key Terms
345(2)
16.2 Items: Building Blocks of Systems
347(1)
16.3 Understanding Configuration Identification Semantics
347(5)
16.4 Configuration Item (CI) Implementation
352(3)
16.5 Developmental Configuration Baselines
355(3)
16.6 Component Selection and Development
358(1)
16.7 Vendor Product Semantics
359(1)
16.8 Component Selection Methodology
360(1)
16.9 Driving Issues that Influence COTS/NDI Selection
361(2)
16.10
Chapter Summary
363(1)
16.11
Chapter Exercises
363(1)
16.12 References
364(1)
17 System Documentation Strategy
365(11)
17.1 Definitions of Key Terms
366(1)
17.2 Quality System and Engineering Data Records
366(1)
17.3 System Design and Development Data
367(1)
17.4 Data Accession List (DAL) and Data Criteria List (DCL)
368(1)
17.5 SE and Development Documentation Sequencing
369(1)
17.6 Documentation Levels of Formality
370(1)
17.7 Export Control of Sensitive Data and Technology
371(2)
17.8 System Documentation Issues
373(1)
17.9
Chapter Summary
374(1)
17.10
Chapter Exercises
374(1)
17.11 References
375(1)
18 Technical Reviews Strategy
376(21)
18.1 Definitions of Key Terms
376(2)
18.2 Approach to this
Chapter
378(1)
18.3 Technical Reviews Overview
378(2)
18.4 Conduct of Technical Reviews
380(1)
18.5 Contract Review Requirements
381(2)
18.6 In-Process Reviews (IPRs)
383(1)
18.7 Contract Technical Reviews
384(11)
18.8
Chapter Summary
395(1)
18.9
Chapter Exercises
395(1)
18.10 References
396(1)
19 System Specification Concepts
397(18)
19.1 Definitions of Key Terms
397(1)
19.2 What is a Specification?
398(2)
19.3 Attributes of a Well-Defined Specification
400(3)
19.4 Types of Specifications
403(2)
19.5 Key Elements of a Specification
405(3)
19.6 Specification Requirements
408(5)
19.7
Chapter Summary
413(1)
19.8
Chapter Exercises
413(1)
19.9 References
414(1)
20 Specification Development Approaches
415(14)
20.1 Definitions of Key Terms
415(1)
20.2 Approach to this
Chapter
416(1)
20.3 Introduction to Specification Development
416(4)
20.4 Specification Development Approaches
420(6)
20.5 Special Topics
426(1)
20.6 Specification Reviews
426(2)
20.7
Chapter Summary
428(1)
20.8
Chapter Exercises
428(1)
20.9 Reference
428(1)
21 Requirements Derivation, Allocation, Flow Down, and Traceability
429(17)
21.1 Definitions of Key Terms
429(1)
21.2 Approach to this
Chapter
430(1)
21.3 Introduction to Requirements Derivation, Allocation Flowdown, & Traceability
430(6)
21.4 Requirements Derivation Methods
436(1)
21.5 Requirements Derivation and Allocation Across Entity Boundaries
436(2)
21.6 Requirements Allocation
438(1)
21.7 Requirements Traceability
439(3)
21.8 Technical Performance Measures (TPMs)
442(3)
21.9
Chapter Summary
445(1)
21.10
Chapter Exercises
445(1)
21.11 References
445(1)
22 Requirements Statement Development
446(19)
22.1 Definition of Key Terms
446(1)
22.2 Approach to this
Chapter
446(1)
22.3 Introduction to Requirements Statement Development
447(2)
22.4 Preparing the Requirement Statement
449(4)
22.5 Selection of Requirement Verification Methods
453(3)
22.6 Requirements Traceability and Verification Tools
456(3)
22.7 Requirements Statement Development Guidelines
459(3)
22.8 When Does a Requirement Become "Official"?
462(1)
22.9
Chapter Summary
462(2)
22.10
Chapter Exercises
464(1)
22.11 References
464(1)
23 Specification Analysis
465(15)
23.1 Definition of Key Terms
465(1)
23.2 Analyzing Existing Specifications
466(1)
23.3 Specification Assessment Checklist
467(4)
23.4 Specification Analysis Methods
471(1)
23.5 Specification Deficiencies Checklist
472(4)
23.6 Resolution of Specification COI/CTI Issues
476(1)
23.7 Requirements Compliance
477(1)
23.8
Chapter Summary
478(1)
23.9
Chapter Exercises
478(1)
23.10 References
479(1)
24 User-Centered System Design (UCSD)
480(38)
24.1 Definitions of Key Terms
481(2)
24.2 Approach to this
Chapter
483(1)
24.3 Introduction to UCSD
484(9)
24.4 Understanding Human Factors (HF) and Ergonomics
493(16)
24.5 Situational Assessment: Areas of Concern
509(3)
24.6 Complex System Development
512(1)
24.7 SE HF and Ergonomics Actions
512(2)
24.8
Chapter Summary
514(1)
24.9
Chapter Exercises
515(1)
24.10 References
515(3)
25 Engineering Standards of Units, Coordinate Systems, and Conventions
518(24)
25.1 Definitions of Key Terms
518(1)
25.2 Approach to this
Chapter
519(1)
25.3 Engineering Standards
520(1)
25.4 Standards for Units, Weights, and Measures
520(2)
25.5 Coordinate Reference Systems
522(12)
25.6 Defining a System's Free Body Dynamics
534(4)
25.7 Applying Engineering Standards and Conventions
538(1)
25.8 Engineering Standards and Conventions Lessons Learned
538(2)
25.9
Chapter Summary
540(1)
25.10
Chapter Exercises
540(1)
25.11 References
541(1)
26 System and Entity Architecture Development
542(33)
26.1 Definitions of Key Terms
542(1)
26.2 Approach to this
Chapter
543(1)
26.3 Introduction to System Architecture Development
544(10)
26.4 Development of System Architectures
554(5)
26.5 Advanced System Architecture Topics
559(13)
26.6
Chapter Summary
572(1)
26.7
Chapter Exercises
573(1)
26.8 References
574(1)
27 System Interface Definition, Analysis, Design, and Control
575(24)
27.1 Definitions of Key Terms
576(1)
27.2 Approach to this
Chapter
576(1)
27.3 Interface Ownership, Work Products, and Control Concepts
577(6)
27.4 Interface Definition Methodology
583(5)
27.5 Interface Design-Advanced Topics
588(4)
27.6 Interface Definition and Control Challenges and Solutions
592(5)
27.7
Chapter Summary
597(1)
27.8
Chapter Exercises
598(1)
27.9 References
598(1)
28 System Integration, Test, and Evaluation (SITE)
599(24)
28.1 Definitions of Key Terms
599(2)
28.2 SITE Fundamentals
601(3)
28.3 Key Elements of Site
604(6)
28.4 Planning for Site
610(2)
28.5 Establishing the Test Organization
612(1)
28.6 Developing Test Cases (TCs) and Acceptance Test Procedures (ATPs)
613(1)
28.7 Performing SITE Tasks
614(3)
28.8 Common Integration and Test Challenges and Issues
617(4)
28.9
Chapter Summary
621(1)
28.10
Chapter Exercises
621(1)
28.11 References
622(1)
29 System Deployment, OM&S, Retirement, and Disposal
623(26)
29.1 Definitions of Key Terms
624(1)
29.2 Approach to this
Chapter
625(1)
29.3 System Deployment Operations
626(12)
29.4 System Operation, Maintenance, & Sustainment (OM&S)
638(7)
29.5 System Retirement (Phase-Out) Operations
645(1)
29.6 System Disposal Operations
646(1)
29.7
Chapter Summary
646(1)
29.8
Chapter Exercises
646(1)
29.9 References
647(2)
Part III Analytical Decision Support Practices 649(143)
30 Introduction to Analytical Decision Support
651(15)
30.1 Definitions of Key Terms
651(1)
30.2 What is Analytical Decision Support?
652(1)
30.3 Attributes of Technical Decisions
652(2)
30.4 Types of Engineering Analyses
654(1)
30.5 System Performance Analysis and Evaluation
654(5)
30.6 Statistical Influences on System Design
659(5)
30.7
Chapter Summary
664(1)
30.8 General Exercises
665(1)
30.9 References
665(1)
31 System Performance Analysis, Budgets, and Safety Margins
666(16)
31.1 Definitions of Key Terms
667(1)
31.2 Performance "Design-To" Budgets and Safety Margins
667(5)
31.3 Analyzing System Performance
672(7)
31.4 Real-Time Control and Frame-Based Systems
679(1)
31.5 System Performance Optimization
679(1)
31.6 System Analysis Reporting
680(1)
31.7
Chapter Summary
680(1)
31.8
Chapter Exercises
680(1)
31.9 References
681(1)
32 Trade Study Analysis of Alternatives (AoA)
682(21)
32.1 Definitions of Key Terms
682(1)
32.2 Introduction to Multivariate Analysis of Alternatives (AoA)
683(5)
32.3 Chartering a Trade Study
688(1)
32.4 Establishing the Trade Study Methodology
689(1)
32.5 Trade Study Quantitative Approaches
690(5)
32.6 Trade Study Utility or Scoring Functions
695(1)
32.7 Sensitivity Analysis
696(1)
32.8 Trade Study Reports (TSRs)
696(1)
32.9 Trade Study Decision
697(2)
32.10 Trade Study Risk Areas
699(2)
32.11 Trade Study Lessons Learned
701(1)
32.12
Chapter Summary
701(1)
32.13
Chapter Exercises
701(1)
32.14 References
701(2)
33 System Modeling and Simulation (M&S)
703(18)
33.1 Definitions of Key Terms
704(1)
33.2 Technical Decision-Making Aids
705(1)
33.3 Simulation-Based Models
705(4)
33.4 Application Examples of M&S
709(8)
33.5 M&S Challenges and Issues
717(2)
33.6
Chapter Summary
719(1)
33.7
Chapter Exercises
719(1)
33.8 References
720(1)
34 System Reliability, Maintainability, and Availability (RMA)
721(71)
34.1 Definitions of Key Terms
722(1)
34.2 Approach to this
Chapter
723(2)
34.3 System Reliability
725(43)
34.4 Understanding System Maintainability
768(11)
34.5 System Availability
779(2)
34.6 Optimizing RMA Trade-Offs
781(2)
34.7 Reliability-Centered Maintenance (RCM)
783(5)
34.8 System RMA Challenges
788(1)
34.9
Chapter Summary
789(1)
34.10
Chapter Exercises
789(1)
34.11 References
790(2)
Epilog 792(3)
Appendix A Acronyms and Abbreviations 795(6)
Appendix B INCOSE Handbook Traceability 801(10)
Appendix C System Modeling Language (SysML™) Constructs 811(10)
Index 821
CHARLES S. WASSON, BSEE, MBA, INCOSE FELLOW and ESEP, is a member of the INCOSE, ASEE, PMI, IEEE, and Tau Beta Pi and is President/Principal Consultant of Wasson Strategics, LLC. His professional career spans over 40 years of leadership in program/project management; system, hardware, and software design, development, integration, and test; and organizational and team development. Wasson Strategics (www. wassonstrategics.com) is a provider of multi-discipline SE, technical project management, and organizational and team development training and consulting services for clients ranging from small or medium to large Fortune 100 & 500 Enterprises striving to achieve System Engineering and Development excellence.
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