|
1 Introduction---Have We Opened Pandora's Box? |
|
|
1 | (26) |
|
1.1 Global Financial, Economic and Public Spending Crisis |
|
|
1 | (2) |
|
1.2 Need of a "Knowledge Accelerator" |
|
|
3 | (1) |
|
1.3 We are Experiencing a Digital Revolution |
|
|
4 | (1) |
|
1.4 Threats to the Average Citizen |
|
|
5 | (1) |
|
1.5 Threats so Big that One Cannot Even Talk About Them |
|
|
6 | (1) |
|
1.6 Are we Entering an Age of Discrimination? |
|
|
7 | (1) |
|
|
8 | (1) |
|
1.8 Political and Societal Risks |
|
|
9 | (1) |
|
1.9 Are the Secret Services Democratically well Controlled? |
|
|
10 | (1) |
|
1.10 What Kind of Society are we Heading to? |
|
|
11 | (2) |
|
1.11 "Big Governments" Fueled by "Big Data" |
|
|
13 | (1) |
|
1.12 We Must Move Beyond September 11 |
|
|
14 | (1) |
|
1.13 What Needs to be Done |
|
|
15 | (2) |
|
1.14 A Better Future, Based on Self-Regulation |
|
|
17 | (10) |
|
|
18 | (9) |
|
|
27 | (12) |
|
2.1 Understanding Complex Systems |
|
|
28 | (2) |
|
2.2 Criticality and Lack of Transparency |
|
|
30 | (3) |
|
2.3 Acceleration and De-Compartmentalization |
|
|
33 | (1) |
|
2.4 Systemic Stability and Trust |
|
|
34 | (2) |
|
2.5 Utilizing Control Features of Complex Systems |
|
|
36 | (1) |
|
|
37 | (2) |
|
3 How and Why Our Conventional Economic Thinking Causes Global Crises |
|
|
39 | (14) |
|
3.1 "More Networking Is Good and Reduces Risks" |
|
|
40 | (1) |
|
3.2 "The Economy Tends Towards an Equilibrium State" |
|
|
41 | (1) |
|
3.3 "Individuals and Companies Decide Rationally" |
|
|
42 | (1) |
|
3.4 "Selfish Behavior Optimizes the Systemic Performance and Benefits Everyone" |
|
|
43 | (1) |
|
3.5 "Financial Markets Are Efficient" |
|
|
44 | (1) |
|
3.6 "More Information and Financial Innovations Are Good" |
|
|
45 | (1) |
|
3.7 "More Liquidity Is Better" |
|
|
46 | (1) |
|
3.8 "All Agents can Be Treated as if Acting the Same Way" |
|
|
46 | (1) |
|
3.9 "Regulation can Fix the Imperfections of Economic Systems" |
|
|
47 | (1) |
|
3.10 "Moral Behavior Is Good for Others, but Bad for Oneself" |
|
|
48 | (1) |
|
|
49 | (4) |
|
|
51 | (2) |
|
4 "Networked Minds" Require a Fundamentally New Kind of Economics |
|
|
53 | (4) |
|
4.1 Evolution of "Friendliness" |
|
|
54 | (1) |
|
4.2 Networked Minds Create a Cooperative Human Species |
|
|
55 | (1) |
|
4.3 A Participatory Kind of Economy |
|
|
55 | (2) |
|
5 A New Kind of Economy is Born---Social Decision-Makers Beat the "Homo Economicus" |
|
|
57 | (10) |
|
5.1 Outdated Theory, Outdated Institutions |
|
|
59 | (1) |
|
5.2 New Institutions for a Global Information Society |
|
|
60 | (1) |
|
5.3 Benefits of a Self-Regulating Economy |
|
|
61 | (2) |
|
5.4 Economics 2.0: Emergence of a Participatory Market Society |
|
|
63 | (4) |
|
|
64 | (1) |
|
|
64 | (3) |
|
6 Global Networks Must be Redesigned |
|
|
67 | (8) |
|
6.1 Living in a Hyperconnected World |
|
|
68 | (1) |
|
6.2 Our Intuition of Systemic Risks is Misleading |
|
|
68 | (1) |
|
6.3 A Global Ticking Time Bomb? |
|
|
69 | (2) |
|
6.4 Global Networks Must be Redesigned |
|
|
71 | (1) |
|
6.5 Coming Era of Social Innovation |
|
|
72 | (1) |
|
6.6 Creating and Protecting Social Capital |
|
|
73 | (2) |
|
7 Big Data---A Powerful New Resource for the Twenty-first Century |
|
|
75 | (8) |
|
7.1 Data Sets Bigger than the Largest Library |
|
|
76 | (1) |
|
7.2 What Do Applications Look Like? |
|
|
77 | (1) |
|
7.3 The Potentials Are Great |
|
|
78 | (1) |
|
7.4 ... but also the Implicit Risks |
|
|
79 | (1) |
|
7.5 The Digital Revolution Creates an Urgency to Act |
|
|
79 | (1) |
|
7.6 Europe can Become a Motor of Innovation for the Digital Era |
|
|
80 | (3) |
|
|
81 | (2) |
|
8 Google as God? Opportunities and Risks of the Information Age |
|
|
83 | (12) |
|
|
83 | (1) |
|
8.2 Gold Rush for the Twenty-first Century Oil |
|
|
84 | (1) |
|
8.3 Humans Controlled by Computers? |
|
|
85 | (1) |
|
8.4 Is Privacy Still Needed? |
|
|
85 | (1) |
|
|
85 | (1) |
|
8.6 The Knowledge-Is-Power Society |
|
|
86 | (1) |
|
8.7 A New World Order Based on Information? |
|
|
86 | (1) |
|
8.8 Privacy and Socio-Diversity Need Protection |
|
|
87 | (1) |
|
8.9 An Alternative Vision of the Information Age |
|
|
88 | (1) |
|
8.10 The Democratic, Participatory Market Society |
|
|
89 | (1) |
|
8.11 The Benefit of Opening Data to All |
|
|
90 | (1) |
|
8.12 A New Paradigm to Manage Complexity |
|
|
90 | (1) |
|
8.13 Loss of Control due to a Wrong Way of Thinking |
|
|
91 | (1) |
|
8.14 Decisions Needed to Use Opportunities and Avoid Risks |
|
|
92 | (3) |
|
|
92 | (3) |
|
9 From Technology-Driven Society to Socially Oriented Technology: The Future of Information Society---Alternatives to Surveillance |
|
|
95 | (8) |
|
Appendix: Why Mass Surveillance Does Not Work |
|
|
100 | (2) |
|
|
102 | (1) |
|
10 Big Data Society: Age of Reputation or Age of Discrimination? |
|
|
103 | (12) |
|
10.1 Information Box: How to Define Quality Standards for Data Mining |
|
|
111 | (4) |
|
|
113 | (2) |
|
11 Big Data, Privacy, and Trusted Web: What Needs to Be Done |
|
|
115 | (62) |
|
11.1 Ethical and Policy Issues Related with Socio-Economic Data Mining |
|
|
115 | (22) |
|
11.1.1 A Source-Based Taxonomy of Available Personal Information |
|
|
116 | (5) |
|
11.1.2 Why Would the Honest be Interested to Hide? |
|
|
121 | (9) |
|
11.1.3 Cyber-Risks and Trust |
|
|
130 | (1) |
|
11.1.4 Current and Future Threats to Privacy |
|
|
131 | (4) |
|
11.1.5 Additional Ethical Concerns |
|
|
135 | (1) |
|
11.1.6 How to Address Ethical Issues in Large-Scale Social Data Mining |
|
|
136 | (1) |
|
11.2 Towards Privacy-Preserving Data Analyses |
|
|
137 | (12) |
|
11.2.1 Deliberate Participation |
|
|
138 | (1) |
|
11.2.2 Anonymization and Randomization |
|
|
139 | (2) |
|
11.2.3 Coarse-Graining, Hierarchical Sampling, and Recommender Systems |
|
|
141 | (3) |
|
11.2.4 Multiplayer Online Games, Pseudonyms, and Virtual Identities |
|
|
144 | (2) |
|
11.2.5 Anonymous Lab Experiments |
|
|
146 | (3) |
|
11.3 Concept of a Future, Self-organizing and Trusted Web |
|
|
149 | (11) |
|
|
149 | (3) |
|
11.3.2 Intellectual Property Rights |
|
|
152 | (1) |
|
|
153 | (3) |
|
11.3.4 Microcredits and Micropayments |
|
|
156 | (1) |
|
11.3.5 Transparent Terms of Service |
|
|
157 | (2) |
|
11.3.6 Privacy-Respecting Social Networks |
|
|
159 | (1) |
|
|
160 | (1) |
|
11.4 Recommended Legal Regulations |
|
|
160 | (5) |
|
11.5 Recommended Infrastructures and Institutions |
|
|
165 | (1) |
|
|
166 | (11) |
|
|
168 | (7) |
|
|
175 | (2) |
|
12 What the Digital Revolution Means for Us |
|
|
177 | (12) |
|
12.1 Big Data: A magic Wand. But do we know How to Use it? |
|
|
177 | (1) |
|
12.2 What Is the Next Big Thing After Big Data? |
|
|
178 | (4) |
|
12.3 A New Kind of Economy is Born |
|
|
182 | (2) |
|
12.4 The New Algebra of Prosperity and Leadership |
|
|
184 | (1) |
|
12.5 What Does it Take to Master Our Future? |
|
|
185 | (4) |
|
13 Creating ("Making") a Planetary Nervous System as Citizen Web |
|
|
189 | |
|
13.1 What are the Benefits of Having an "Internet of Things"? |
|
|
190 | (1) |
|
13.2 Basic Elements of the Planetary Nervous System |
|
|
191 | (1) |
|
13.3 Creating a Public Good, and Business and Non-Profit Opportunities for Everyone by Maximum Openness, Transparency, and Participation |
|
|
192 | (1) |
|
13.4 The Role of Citizen Science |
|
|
193 | |