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E-raamat: Thinking Ahead - Essays on Big Data, Digital Revolution, and Participatory Market Society

  • Formaat: EPUB+DRM
  • Ilmumisaeg: 10-Apr-2015
  • Kirjastus: Springer International Publishing AG
  • Keel: eng
  • ISBN-13: 9783319150789
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  • Formaat: EPUB+DRM
  • Ilmumisaeg: 10-Apr-2015
  • Kirjastus: Springer International Publishing AG
  • Keel: eng
  • ISBN-13: 9783319150789

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The rapidly progressing digital revolution is now touching the foundations of the governance of societal structures. Humans are on the verge of evolving from consumers to prosumers, and old, entrenched theories in particular sociological and economic ones are falling prey to these rapid developments. The original assumptions on which they are based are being questioned. Each year we produce as much data as in the entire human history - can we possibly create a global crystal ball to predict our future and to optimally govern our world? Do we need wide-scale surveillance to understand and manage the increasingly complex systems we are constructing, or would bottom-up approaches such as self-regulating systems be a better solution to creating a more innovative, more successful, more resilient, and ultimately happier society? Working at the interface of complexity theory, quantitative sociology and Big Data-driven risk and knowledge management, the author advocates the establishment of new participatory systems in our digital society to enhance coordination, reduce conflict and, above all, reduce the tragedies of the commons, resulting from the methods now used in political, economic and management decision-making.

The author

Physicist Dirk Helbing is Professor of Computational Social Science at the Department of Humanities, Social and Political Sciences and an affiliate of the Computer Science Department at ETH Zurich, as well as co-founder of ETHs Risk Center. He is internationally known for the scientific coordination of the FuturICT Initiative which focuses on using smart data to understand techno-socio-economic systems.













Prof. Helbing has produced an insightful and important set of essays on the ways in which big data and complexity science are changing our understanding of ourselves and our society, and potentially allowing us to manage our societies much better than we are currently able to do. Of special note are the essays that touch on the promises of big data along with the dangers...this is material that we should all become familiar with! Alex Pentland, MIT, author of Social Physics: How Good Ideas Spread - The Lessons From a New Science

"Dirk Helbing has established his reputation as one of the leading scientific thinkers on the dramatic impacts of the digital revolution on our society and economy. Thinking Ahead is a most stimulating and provocative set of essays which deserves a wide audience. Paul Ormerod, economist, and author of Butterfly Economics and Why Most Things Fail.

"It is becoming increasingly clear that many of our institutions and social structures are in a bad way and urgently need fixing. Financial crises, international conflicts, civil wars and terrorism, inaction on climate change, problems of poverty, widening economic inequality, health epidemics, pollution and threats to digital privacy and identity are just some of the major challenges that we confront in the twenty-first century. These issues demand new and bold thinking, and that is what Dirk Helbing offers in this collection of essays. If even a fraction of these ideas pay off, the consequences for global governance could be significant. So this is a must-read book for anyone concerned about the future." Philip Ball, science writer and author of Critical Mass

This collection of papers, brought together by Dirk Helbing, is both timely and topical. It raises concerns about Big Data, which are truly frightening and disconcerting, that we do need to be aware of; while at the same time offering some hope that the technology, which has created the previously unthought-of dangers to our privacy, safety and democracy can be the means to address these dangers by enabling social, economic and political participation and coordination, not possible in the past. It makes for compelling reading and I hope for timely action.Eve Mitleton-Kelly, LSE, author of Corporate Governance and Complexity Theory and editor of Co-evolution of Intelligent Socio-technical Systems

Arvustused

The book makes for a most compelling and stimulating read, especially as it provides useful references for policy makers, corporations, and individuals. (Sandhya Jane, Computing Reviews, September, 2015)

Prof. Helbing has produced an insightful and important set of essays on the ways in which big data and complexity science are changing our understanding of ourselves and our society, and potentially allowing us to manage our societies much better than we are currently able to do. Of special note are the essays that touch on the promises of big data along with the dangers...this is material that we should all become familiar with! Alex Pentland, MIT, author of Social Physics: How Good Ideas Spread - The Lessons From a New Science

"Dirk Helbing has established his reputation as one of the leading scientific thinkers on the dramatic impacts of the digital revolution on our society and economy.  Thinking Ahead  is a most stimulating and provocative set of essays which deserves a wide audience. Paul Ormerod, economist, and author of Butterfly Economics and Why Most Things Fail.



"It is becoming increasingly clear that many of our institutions and social structures are in a bad way and urgently need fixing. Financial crises, international conflicts, civil wars and terrorism, inaction on climate change, problems of poverty, widening economic inequality, health epidemics, pollution and threats to digital privacy and identity are just some of the major challenges that we confront in the twenty-first century. These issues demand new and bold thinking, and that is what Dirk Helbing offers in this collection of essays. If even a fraction of these ideas pay off, the consequences for global governance could be significant. So this is a must-read book for anyone concerned about the future." Philip Ball, science writer and author of Critical Mass



This collection of papers, brought together by Dirk Helbing, is both timely and topical. It raises concerns about Big Data, which are truly frightening and disconcerting, that we do need to be aware of; while at the same time offering some hope that the technology, which has created the previously unthought-of dangers to our privacy, safety and democracy can be the means to address these dangers by enabling social, economic and political participation and coordination, not possible in the past. It makes for compelling reading and I hope for timely action.



Eve Mitleton-Kelly, LSE, author of Corporate Governance and Complexity Theory and editor of Co-evolution of Intelligent Socio-technical Systems

1 Introduction---Have We Opened Pandora's Box?
1(26)
1.1 Global Financial, Economic and Public Spending Crisis
1(2)
1.2 Need of a "Knowledge Accelerator"
3(1)
1.3 We are Experiencing a Digital Revolution
4(1)
1.4 Threats to the Average Citizen
5(1)
1.5 Threats so Big that One Cannot Even Talk About Them
6(1)
1.6 Are we Entering an Age of Discrimination?
7(1)
1.7 Threats to Companies
8(1)
1.8 Political and Societal Risks
9(1)
1.9 Are the Secret Services Democratically well Controlled?
10(1)
1.10 What Kind of Society are we Heading to?
11(2)
1.11 "Big Governments" Fueled by "Big Data"
13(1)
1.12 We Must Move Beyond September 11
14(1)
1.13 What Needs to be Done
15(2)
1.14 A Better Future, Based on Self-Regulation
17(10)
References
18(9)
2 Lost Robustness
27(12)
2.1 Understanding Complex Systems
28(2)
2.2 Criticality and Lack of Transparency
30(3)
2.3 Acceleration and De-Compartmentalization
33(1)
2.4 Systemic Stability and Trust
34(2)
2.5 Utilizing Control Features of Complex Systems
36(1)
2.6 Author Information
37(2)
3 How and Why Our Conventional Economic Thinking Causes Global Crises
39(14)
3.1 "More Networking Is Good and Reduces Risks"
40(1)
3.2 "The Economy Tends Towards an Equilibrium State"
41(1)
3.3 "Individuals and Companies Decide Rationally"
42(1)
3.4 "Selfish Behavior Optimizes the Systemic Performance and Benefits Everyone"
43(1)
3.5 "Financial Markets Are Efficient"
44(1)
3.6 "More Information and Financial Innovations Are Good"
45(1)
3.7 "More Liquidity Is Better"
46(1)
3.8 "All Agents can Be Treated as if Acting the Same Way"
46(1)
3.9 "Regulation can Fix the Imperfections of Economic Systems"
47(1)
3.10 "Moral Behavior Is Good for Others, but Bad for Oneself"
48(1)
3.11 Summary
49(4)
Further Reading
51(2)
4 "Networked Minds" Require a Fundamentally New Kind of Economics
53(4)
4.1 Evolution of "Friendliness"
54(1)
4.2 Networked Minds Create a Cooperative Human Species
55(1)
4.3 A Participatory Kind of Economy
55(2)
5 A New Kind of Economy is Born---Social Decision-Makers Beat the "Homo Economicus"
57(10)
5.1 Outdated Theory, Outdated Institutions
59(1)
5.2 New Institutions for a Global Information Society
60(1)
5.3 Benefits of a Self-Regulating Economy
61(2)
5.4 Economics 2.0: Emergence of a Participatory Market Society
63(4)
References
64(1)
Further Reading
64(3)
6 Global Networks Must be Redesigned
67(8)
6.1 Living in a Hyperconnected World
68(1)
6.2 Our Intuition of Systemic Risks is Misleading
68(1)
6.3 A Global Ticking Time Bomb?
69(2)
6.4 Global Networks Must be Redesigned
71(1)
6.5 Coming Era of Social Innovation
72(1)
6.6 Creating and Protecting Social Capital
73(2)
7 Big Data---A Powerful New Resource for the Twenty-first Century
75(8)
7.1 Data Sets Bigger than the Largest Library
76(1)
7.2 What Do Applications Look Like?
77(1)
7.3 The Potentials Are Great
78(1)
7.4 ... but also the Implicit Risks
79(1)
7.5 The Digital Revolution Creates an Urgency to Act
79(1)
7.6 Europe can Become a Motor of Innovation for the Digital Era
80(3)
References
81(2)
8 Google as God? Opportunities and Risks of the Information Age
83(12)
8.1 Introduction
83(1)
8.2 Gold Rush for the Twenty-first Century Oil
84(1)
8.3 Humans Controlled by Computers?
85(1)
8.4 Is Privacy Still Needed?
85(1)
8.5 Information Overload
85(1)
8.6 The Knowledge-Is-Power Society
86(1)
8.7 A New World Order Based on Information?
86(1)
8.8 Privacy and Socio-Diversity Need Protection
87(1)
8.9 An Alternative Vision of the Information Age
88(1)
8.10 The Democratic, Participatory Market Society
89(1)
8.11 The Benefit of Opening Data to All
90(1)
8.12 A New Paradigm to Manage Complexity
90(1)
8.13 Loss of Control due to a Wrong Way of Thinking
91(1)
8.14 Decisions Needed to Use Opportunities and Avoid Risks
92(3)
Further Reading
92(3)
9 From Technology-Driven Society to Socially Oriented Technology: The Future of Information Society---Alternatives to Surveillance
95(8)
Appendix: Why Mass Surveillance Does Not Work
100(2)
Further Reading
102(1)
10 Big Data Society: Age of Reputation or Age of Discrimination?
103(12)
10.1 Information Box: How to Define Quality Standards for Data Mining
111(4)
References
113(2)
11 Big Data, Privacy, and Trusted Web: What Needs to Be Done
115(62)
11.1 Ethical and Policy Issues Related with Socio-Economic Data Mining
115(22)
11.1.1 A Source-Based Taxonomy of Available Personal Information
116(5)
11.1.2 Why Would the Honest be Interested to Hide?
121(9)
11.1.3 Cyber-Risks and Trust
130(1)
11.1.4 Current and Future Threats to Privacy
131(4)
11.1.5 Additional Ethical Concerns
135(1)
11.1.6 How to Address Ethical Issues in Large-Scale Social Data Mining
136(1)
11.2 Towards Privacy-Preserving Data Analyses
137(12)
11.2.1 Deliberate Participation
138(1)
11.2.2 Anonymization and Randomization
139(2)
11.2.3 Coarse-Graining, Hierarchical Sampling, and Recommender Systems
141(3)
11.2.4 Multiplayer Online Games, Pseudonyms, and Virtual Identities
144(2)
11.2.5 Anonymous Lab Experiments
146(3)
11.3 Concept of a Future, Self-organizing and Trusted Web
149(11)
11.3.1 Data Format
149(3)
11.3.2 Intellectual Property Rights
152(1)
11.3.3 Trust Management
153(3)
11.3.4 Microcredits and Micropayments
156(1)
11.3.5 Transparent Terms of Service
157(2)
11.3.6 Privacy-Respecting Social Networks
159(1)
11.3.7 Summary
160(1)
11.4 Recommended Legal Regulations
160(5)
11.5 Recommended Infrastructures and Institutions
165(1)
11.6 Summary
166(11)
References
168(7)
Further Reading
175(2)
12 What the Digital Revolution Means for Us
177(12)
12.1 Big Data: A magic Wand. But do we know How to Use it?
177(1)
12.2 What Is the Next Big Thing After Big Data?
178(4)
12.3 A New Kind of Economy is Born
182(2)
12.4 The New Algebra of Prosperity and Leadership
184(1)
12.5 What Does it Take to Master Our Future?
185(4)
13 Creating ("Making") a Planetary Nervous System as Citizen Web
189
13.1 What are the Benefits of Having an "Internet of Things"?
190(1)
13.2 Basic Elements of the Planetary Nervous System
191(1)
13.3 Creating a Public Good, and Business and Non-Profit Opportunities for Everyone by Maximum Openness, Transparency, and Participation
192(1)
13.4 The Role of Citizen Science
193
Dirk Helbing is Professor of Sociology, in particular of Modeling and Simulation, at the Department of Humanities, Social and Political Sciences and member of the Computer Science Department at ETH Zurich, as well as co-founder of ETH Zurichs Risk Center.  He is internationally known for the scientific coordination of the FuturICT Initiative (http://www.futurict.eu), which focuses on the understanding of techno-socioeconomic systems, using Smart Data. Helbing is elected member of the German Academy of Sciences Leopoldina and worked in the World Economic Forums Global Agenda Council on Complex Systems. He is also a board member of the Global Brain Institute in Brussels and of the International Centre for Earth Simulation (ICES) in Geneva.