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U.S. Traffic Calming Manual [Kõva köide]

  • Formaat: Hardback, 256 pages, kõrgus x laius: 254x178 mm, kaal: 793 g
  • Ilmumisaeg: 15-Mar-2009
  • Kirjastus: American Planning Association
  • ISBN-10: 1932364617
  • ISBN-13: 9781932364613
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  • Formaat: Hardback, 256 pages, kõrgus x laius: 254x178 mm, kaal: 793 g
  • Ilmumisaeg: 15-Mar-2009
  • Kirjastus: American Planning Association
  • ISBN-10: 1932364617
  • ISBN-13: 9781932364613
Teised raamatud teemal:
A comprehensive how-to manual for traffic calming in the United States. Planners and engineers can look to this manual for guidance on the appropriate use, design, and signing and marking of traffic-calming measures. For local officials, developers, and community associations, it is an introduction to the goals and tactics of traffic calming. Based in part on the first traffic-calming manual taken through a formal rule-making process and adopted by a state department of transportation as a supplement to its roadway design manual, this book catalogs principles that have been modified by many local jurisdictions to match local priorities and preferences. Standardization is key to the success of traffic-calming initiatives, and this book explains the processes, tools, and design needed to create a standard traffic-calming program. It also shows how municipalities can build needed flexibility into such programs. Signage and markings are also key, and a chapter is devoted to these issues. This is the book that states and municipalities need to create effective traffic-calming programs.
List of Figures
xi
List of Tables
xix
Acknowledgments xx
Introduction
1(12)
Definition of Traffic Calming
2(2)
Federal and State Initiatives
4(3)
Local Trends
7(1)
Key Terms
7(1)
Purpose and Coverage
8(3)
Notes
11(2)
Traffic Calming Process
13(26)
Model Program
14(11)
Project Initiation
14(2)
Project Development
16(5)
Project Approval
21(3)
Project Implementation
24(1)
Program Options
25(11)
Affected Area
25(1)
Public Involvement
26(4)
Petitions and Surveys
30(1)
Street Eligibility
31(2)
Funding
33(1)
Priority Rating
33(3)
Trials
36(1)
Program Documentation
36(2)
Notes
38(1)
Toolbox
39(32)
Nonphysical Measures
39(3)
Psycho-perception Measures
40(1)
Regulatory Measures
41(1)
Signal Timing for Progression
41(1)
Physical Measures
42(19)
Volume Control Measures
42(2)
Speed Control with Vertical Measures
44(4)
Speed Control with Horizontal Measures
48(3)
Speed Control with Narrowings
51(4)
Combined Measures
55(3)
Experimental Measures
58(3)
Impacts of Traffic Calming Measures
61(6)
Speed Impacts
62(1)
Volume Impacts
62(2)
Safety Impacts
64(3)
Application Guidelines
67(3)
Current Practice
67(3)
Exemplary Guidelines
70(1)
Notes
70(1)
Design
71(58)
General Guidance
71(4)
Volume Control Measures
75(5)
Full Closures
75(1)
Half Closures
75(3)
Other Volume Control Measures
78(2)
Vertical Speed Control Measures
80(17)
Speed Humps
80(3)
Speed Lumps
83(3)
Speed Tables
86(3)
Raised Crosswalks and Raised Intersections
89(4)
Accommodation of Bicyclists
93(3)
Design Modifications for Hilly Terrain
96(1)
Horizontal Speed Control Measures
97(1)
Mini-traffic Circles
97(15)
Roundabouts
102(5)
Lateral Shifts and Chicanes
107(4)
Accommodation of Bicyclists and Pedestrians
111(1)
Narrowings
112(7)
Neckdowns
112(2)
Chokers
114(2)
Center Island Narrowings
116(2)
Accommodation of Bicyclists
118(1)
Speed Estimates
119(6)
Speed versus Vertical Curvature
119(1)
Speed versus Horizontal Curvature
120(4)
Speed versus Spacing of Slow Points
124(1)
Landscaping
125(3)
Clearances
127(1)
Maintenance
127(1)
Notes
128(1)
Signing and Marking
129(20)
Guidance from MUTCD
130(3)
General Guidelines
130(1)
Advance Warning Signs
130(1)
Speed Advisories and Educational Plaques
131(2)
Analogous MUTCD Signs
133(1)
New Standard Warning Signs
133(6)
Specific Signing and Marking Conventions
139(9)
Signing and Marking of Vertical Measures
139(2)
Signing and Marking of Horizontal Measures
141(3)
Signing and Marking of Narrowings
144(4)
Special Signing for Bicycle Routes
148(1)
Learning from Europe
149(24)
Priority for Pedestrians and Bicyclists
150(2)
Sample of Early Adopters
152(3)
Traffic Calming Policies
155(9)
Broader Goals
155(1)
Broader Funding Criteria
155(1)
Broader Representation in Plan Development
156(1)
Main Roads
157(2)
Pedestrian- and Bicycle-Friendly Tools
159(2)
Pedestrian and Bicycle Counts
161(1)
Skinny Street Standards
162(2)
Traffic Calming Main Roads
164(5)
Choose Appropriate Design Speeds
165(1)
Choose Measures and Spacing Appropriate to Design Speeds
165(2)
Provide Ample Warning on Approaches to Calmed Areas
167(1)
Emphasize Street Edge Treatments
167(1)
Facilitate Pedestrian Crossings
168(1)
Reallocate Right-of-Way to Alternative Modes
168(1)
Parting Thought
169(1)
References
170(1)
Notes
171(2)
Appendix A: Overview of Leading Programs
173(12)
Introduction
173(1)
Who Was Surveyed
173(1)
Program Initiation
174(1)
Program Administration
175(1)
Program Staffing
175(1)
Program Funding
176(1)
Project Eligibility
177(1)
Prioritization
178(1)
Use of Consultants
179(1)
Interagency Consultation
179(1)
Project Evaluation
180(1)
Project Removal
181(1)
Applicability to New Developments
181(1)
Controversies
182(1)
Liability and Litigation
183(1)
Notes
183(2)
Appendix B: Politics of Traffic Calming
185(6)
Background on Case-Study Communities
185(3)
Progressive Political Cultures
185(2)
Sunbelt Problems and Opportunities
187(1)
Tipping Points in Traffic Calming
188(3)
Rule of the Few
189(1)
Stickiness Factor
190(1)
Power of Context
190(1)
Appendix C: Case Study of Arterial Traffic Calming
191(8)
Desired Criteria
191(1)
``Road Diet'' Cross Sections
192(1)
Spacing of Traffic Calming Devices
193(1)
Geometric Design
194(2)
Roundabouts
194(1)
Lateral Shifts
195(1)
Raised Crosswalks
196(1)
Illustrative Plan
196(1)
Postscript
197(2)
Appendix D: Speed Lumps, the New Device of Choice
199(8)
Not Humps or Bumps
199(1)
Effects on Fire-Rescue Vehicles
200(1)
Effects on Passenger Cars
201(1)
Design Parameters
202(2)
Rubber versus Asphalt
204(1)
Aesthetics
204(1)
Costs
205(1)
Notes
206(1)
Appendix E: Skinny Street Standards
207(12)
Overblown Concerns and Unrealistic Solutions
208(1)
Case Studies
208(6)
Baldwin Park, Orlando, Fla.
209(1)
Canyon Rim Village, Redmond, Ore.
210(1)
Peninsula Neighborhood, Iowa City, Iowa
210(1)
Glenwood Park, Atlanta
211(1)
WaterColor, Walton County, Fla.
212(1)
Potomac Yard, Alexandria, Va.
213(1)
Look to Oregon
214(5)
Trade-off Between Fire Safety and Traffic Safety?
216(3)
Appendix F: Emergency Response Tests in Beverly Hills
219(4)
Maneuverability Test
220(1)
Travel Time Test
221(2)
Appendix G: Traffic Diversion in Sacramento
223(2)
Index 225(10)
Study Questions 235
Reid Ewing is professor of City and Metropolitan Planning at the University of Utah.

Steven Brown is a senior principal at Fehr & Peers with more than 20 years of experience in transportation planning and engineering.