| Preface |
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xix | |
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SECTION I THE TOOLS OF JOURNALISM |
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1 | (76) |
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Chapter 1 Journalism Today |
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3 | (11) |
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Technology and Journalism |
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3 | (3) |
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6 | (1) |
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Evolution of the News Business |
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6 | (1) |
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Journalism as a Profession |
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7 | (1) |
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8 | (1) |
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9 | (1) |
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10 | (1) |
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10 | (1) |
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11 | (1) |
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11 | (1) |
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11 | (2) |
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The Writing Coach: The "N.E.R.D." Factor in Getting a Job |
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13 | (1) |
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Chapter 2 Selecting and Reporting the News |
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14 | (15) |
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News Characteristics and News Elements |
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15 | (1) |
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15 | (1) |
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16 | (1) |
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16 | (1) |
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17 | (1) |
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17 | (1) |
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18 | (1) |
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18 | (1) |
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The Nature of the Medium and the Community |
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18 | (1) |
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19 | (1) |
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The Concept of Objectivity |
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20 | (1) |
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21 | (1) |
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21 | (1) |
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21 | (1) |
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22 | (1) |
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22 | (1) |
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22 | (1) |
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22 | (1) |
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The Importance of Accuracy |
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23 | (1) |
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23 | (1) |
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24 | (1) |
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24 | (1) |
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Guest Columnist: Why I Stayed at a Small-Town Newspaper |
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25 | (1) |
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The Reporter's Guide to Accuracy |
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26 | (1) |
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27 | (2) |
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Chapter 3 Newswriting Style |
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29 | (18) |
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Simplify Words, Sentences and Paragraphs |
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29 | (3) |
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Eliminate Unnecessary Words |
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32 | (2) |
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34 | (1) |
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34 | (1) |
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35 | (1) |
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36 | (1) |
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36 | (1) |
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37 | (1) |
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Avoid Stereotyping Other Groups |
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38 | (1) |
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Additional Newswriting Considerations for Digital Media |
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38 | (1) |
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The Reporter's Guide to Newswriting Style |
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39 | (1) |
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40 | (7) |
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Chapter 4 The Language of News |
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47 | (30) |
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The Effectiveness of Words |
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47 | (1) |
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48 | (1) |
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49 | (1) |
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49 | (1) |
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Independent and Dependent Clauses |
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50 | (2) |
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52 | (1) |
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52 | (1) |
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Common Grammatical Errors |
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53 | (1) |
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53 | (1) |
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53 | (1) |
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53 | (2) |
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"That" -- "Which" Confusion |
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55 | (1) |
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"Who" -- "Whom" Confusion |
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55 | (1) |
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56 | (1) |
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57 | (1) |
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57 | (1) |
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58 | (1) |
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58 | (1) |
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59 | (1) |
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59 | (1) |
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59 | (1) |
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59 | (1) |
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60 | (1) |
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61 | (1) |
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62 | (1) |
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Overuse of Adjectives and Adverbs |
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62 | (1) |
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63 | (1) |
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64 | (1) |
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Technical Language and Jargon |
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64 | (1) |
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65 | (1) |
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66 | (1) |
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66 | (1) |
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67 | (1) |
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67 | (1) |
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68 | (1) |
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68 | (1) |
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68 | (1) |
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69 | (1) |
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69 | (2) |
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The Writing Coach: Become a Power Lifter When Picking Verbs |
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71 | (1) |
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The Reporter's Guide to the Language of News |
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72 | (1) |
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73 | (4) |
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SECTION II THE LAW AND ETHICS OF JOURNALISM |
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77 | (52) |
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Chapter 5 Libel, Privacy and Newsgathering Issues |
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79 | (27) |
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80 | (1) |
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The Elements of a Libel Suit |
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81 | (4) |
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Who Is a Public Official? Who Is a Public Figure? |
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85 | (2) |
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Major Defenses to Libel Suits |
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87 | (2) |
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Steps for Avoiding Libel Suits |
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89 | (1) |
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90 | (1) |
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90 | (2) |
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Giving Publicity to Private Facts |
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92 | (1) |
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93 | (1) |
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94 | (1) |
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94 | (1) |
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Access to Nonjudicial Events and Records |
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95 | (3) |
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Access to Judicial Proceedings |
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98 | (2) |
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Confidentiality for Sources and Information |
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100 | (2) |
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The Reporter's Guide to Libel, Privacy and Newsgathering Issues |
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102 | (2) |
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104 | (2) |
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106 | (23) |
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107 | (1) |
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107 | (1) |
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Who and How Many? [ Two Questions] |
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108 | (1) |
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What Is the Purpose of the Story? [ Two Follow-Up Questions] |
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108 | (1) |
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Can I Explain My Decision? [ Six Questions] |
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109 | (1) |
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109 | (1) |
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News Media Credibility Considerations |
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109 | (1) |
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Ethics Issues Regarding Conduct |
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110 | (1) |
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Plagiarizing and Fabricating Information: Never Acceptable |
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111 | (1) |
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111 | (1) |
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Recording Interviews: Audio Recorders and Video Cameras |
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112 | (1) |
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Eliminating Conflicts of Interest |
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113 | (1) |
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114 | (1) |
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115 | (1) |
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Respecting Privacy of Sources |
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115 | (1) |
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Avoiding Deceit: Posing and Misrepresentation |
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115 | (1) |
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Witnessing Crimes and Disasters |
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116 | (1) |
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Ethics Issues Regarding Content |
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117 | (1) |
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Avoiding Speculation: Get the Facts and Provide Accurate Context |
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117 | (1) |
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Using Visuals: Newsworthy or Sensational? |
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117 | (1) |
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118 | (1) |
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Deciding When to Name Names |
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118 | (1) |
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119 | (1) |
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Reporting on Public Figures and Celebrities |
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119 | (1) |
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Reporting Rumors and Speculation |
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120 | (1) |
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120 | (1) |
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120 | (1) |
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The Writing Coach: Journalists Should Understand: Victims Face Wall of Grief |
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121 | (1) |
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The Reporter's Guide to Ethics |
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122 | (1) |
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123 | (6) |
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SECTION III THE BASIC SKILLS OF JOURNALISM |
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129 | (180) |
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Chapter 7 Basic News Leads |
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131 | (32) |
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131 | (1) |
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Identifying the Central Point |
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131 | (1) |
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132 | (1) |
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Planning the Digital Story |
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133 | (2) |
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135 | (3) |
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Sentence Structure in Leads |
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138 | (1) |
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Guidelines for Writing Effective Leads |
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138 | (1) |
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138 | (1) |
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139 | (1) |
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140 | (1) |
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Emphasize the Magnitude of the Story |
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141 | (1) |
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141 | (1) |
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142 | (1) |
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Be Objective and Attribute Opinions |
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143 | (1) |
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144 | (1) |
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144 | (1) |
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Beginning with the Attribution |
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144 | (1) |
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144 | (1) |
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145 | (1) |
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145 | (1) |
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146 | (1) |
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146 | (1) |
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147 | (1) |
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147 | (1) |
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147 | (1) |
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147 | (1) |
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148 | (1) |
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148 | (1) |
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The Writing Coach: Oh Where, Oh Where Does the Time Element Go? |
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149 | (1) |
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The Reporter's Guide to Writing Leads |
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150 | (1) |
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151 | (12) |
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Chapter 8 Alternative Leads |
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163 | (17) |
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166 | (1) |
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Types of Alternative Leads |
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167 | (1) |
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"Buried" or "Delayed" Leads |
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167 | (1) |
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168 | (1) |
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169 | (1) |
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169 | (2) |
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171 | (1) |
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171 | (1) |
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Shockers: Leads with a Twist |
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172 | (1) |
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173 | (1) |
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173 | (1) |
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Words Used in Unusual Ways |
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173 | (1) |
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174 | (1) |
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The Reporter's Guide to Writing Alternative Leads |
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175 | (1) |
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176 | (4) |
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Chapter 9 The Body of a News Story |
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180 | (31) |
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The Inverted-Pyramid Style |
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180 | (1) |
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Organizing the Information |
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181 | (2) |
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Writing the Second Paragraph |
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183 | (3) |
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186 | (1) |
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187 | (2) |
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189 | (2) |
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191 | (1) |
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192 | (5) |
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197 | (1) |
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197 | (2) |
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The Importance of Examples |
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199 | (1) |
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199 | (2) |
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201 | (1) |
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The Final Step: Edit Your Story |
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201 | (1) |
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The Writing Coach: How to Find the Right Endings to Stories |
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202 | (1) |
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The Reporter's Guide to Writing News Stories |
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203 | (1) |
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204 | (7) |
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Chapter 10 Quotations and Attribution |
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211 | (24) |
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212 | (1) |
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When to Use Direct Quotations |
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212 | (2) |
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When to Use Indirect Quotations |
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214 | (1) |
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When to Use Partial Quotations |
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215 | (1) |
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When Sources Seek Quote Approval |
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216 | (1) |
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Blending Quotations and Narrative |
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217 | (1) |
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217 | (1) |
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To Change or Not to Change Quotations |
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218 | (2) |
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220 | (1) |
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220 | (1) |
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221 | (1) |
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The Purpose of Attribution |
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221 | (1) |
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Statements That Require Attribution |
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221 | (1) |
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Guidelines for the Placement and Frequency of Attribution |
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222 | (1) |
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223 | (1) |
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223 | (1) |
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224 | (1) |
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Word Choice in Attributing Statements |
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224 | (1) |
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225 | (3) |
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The Writing Coach: Do You Use Said Enough? |
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228 | (1) |
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The Reporter's Guide to Quotations and Attribution |
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228 | (2) |
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230 | (5) |
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235 | (21) |
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Preparing for the Interview |
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236 | (1) |
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Selecting Interview Sources |
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237 | (2) |
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Researching Sources and Topics |
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239 | (1) |
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Preparing Questions for the Interview |
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239 | (2) |
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241 | (1) |
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241 | (1) |
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242 | (2) |
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Dealing with Reluctant Sources and Asking Tough Questions |
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244 | (2) |
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246 | (2) |
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248 | (1) |
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248 | (1) |
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249 | (1) |
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Writing the Interview Story |
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249 | (1) |
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Guest Columnist: Interviewing Three People about a Deadly Accident |
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250 | (1) |
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The Reporter's Guide to Interviewing |
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251 | (1) |
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252 | (4) |
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Chapter 12 Feature Stories |
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256 | (18) |
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Finding Story Ideas and Gathering Information |
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256 | (2) |
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258 | (1) |
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The Lead of a Feature Story |
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258 | (1) |
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The Body of a Feature Story |
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258 | (2) |
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The Ending of a Feature Story |
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260 | (1) |
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261 | (1) |
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Profiles or Personality Features |
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261 | (2) |
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263 | (1) |
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264 | (1) |
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264 | (1) |
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265 | (1) |
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265 | (1) |
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Occupation or Hobby Features |
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266 | (1) |
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Behind-the-Scenes Features |
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266 | (1) |
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267 | (1) |
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Other Types of Feature Stories |
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267 | (1) |
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The Reporter's Guide to Features |
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268 | (1) |
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269 | (5) |
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Chapter 13 Writing for Broadcast News |
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274 | (20) |
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274 | (2) |
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276 | (1) |
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277 | (1) |
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277 | (1) |
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278 | (1) |
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278 | (1) |
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278 | (2) |
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Updating Broadcast News Stories |
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280 | (1) |
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Guidelines for Copy Preparation |
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281 | (1) |
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281 | (1) |
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281 | (1) |
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281 | (1) |
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281 | (1) |
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282 | (1) |
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282 | (1) |
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282 | (2) |
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284 | (1) |
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Sources for Broadcast News |
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284 | (1) |
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284 | (1) |
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Newspapers, Online News and Broadcast News Sources |
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285 | (1) |
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Public Relations News Releases |
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285 | (1) |
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285 | (1) |
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285 | (1) |
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Writing the Broadcast Story |
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286 | (1) |
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286 | (2) |
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Writing for Your Announcer |
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288 | (2) |
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Being a Broadcast Journalist |
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290 | (1) |
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The Reporter's Guide to Broadcast News Writing Style |
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290 | (1) |
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291 | (3) |
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Chapter 14 Visual Journalism |
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294 | (15) |
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The Roots of Visual Journalism |
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294 | (3) |
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297 | (1) |
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Ethics of Visual Journalism |
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298 | (1) |
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299 | (1) |
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299 | (3) |
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302 | (1) |
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303 | (1) |
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304 | (2) |
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306 | (1) |
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306 | (1) |
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306 | (1) |
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307 | (1) |
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The Reporter's Guide to Visual Journalism |
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307 | (1) |
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308 | (1) |
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SECTION IV APPLYING THE SKILLS OF JOURNALISM |
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309 | (126) |
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Chapter 15 Speeches and Meetings |
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311 | (26) |
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312 | (1) |
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Covering the Speech of Meeting |
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313 | (1) |
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313 | (2) |
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Organizing Speech or Meeting Stories |
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315 | (1) |
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316 | (4) |
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320 | (1) |
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321 | (1) |
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321 | (1) |
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322 | (1) |
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322 | (1) |
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323 | (1) |
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The Writing Coach: The Expectations of Public Officials toward Journalists |
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324 | (1) |
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The Reporter's Guide to Reporting Speeches and Meetings |
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325 | (1) |
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326 | (11) |
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Chapter 16 Brights, Follow-Ups, Roundups, Sidebars and Obituaries |
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337 | (18) |
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337 | (2) |
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339 | (2) |
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341 | (1) |
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342 | (1) |
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343 | (1) |
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Writing the Biographical Obituary |
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344 | (2) |
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Writing the Feature Obituary |
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346 | (2) |
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The Reporter's Guide to Writing Brights, Follow-Ups, Roundups, Sidebars and Obituaries |
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348 | (1) |
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349 | (6) |
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Chapter 17 Public Affairs Reporting |
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355 | (36) |
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356 | (1) |
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357 | (1) |
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357 | (2) |
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359 | (2) |
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Writing the Crime or Accident Story |
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361 | (1) |
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362 | (1) |
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City and County Governments |
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363 | (3) |
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366 | (3) |
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369 | (1) |
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General Information about the Court System |
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370 | (1) |
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371 | (2) |
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373 | (2) |
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Guest Columnist: Developing Sources on the Police Beat |
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375 | (1) |
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Guest Columnist: Journalists Deliver the Information the Public Needs |
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376 | (1) |
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The Reporter's Guide to Public Affairs Reporting |
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377 | (1) |
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378 | (13) |
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Chapter 18 Introduction to Investigative Reporting |
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391 | (23) |
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What Is Investigative Reporting? |
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392 | (1) |
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Whom and What to Investigate |
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393 | (1) |
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Developing an Investigative Story |
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394 | (1) |
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394 | (5) |
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399 | (1) |
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400 | (1) |
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400 | (2) |
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402 | (1) |
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The Investigative Interview |
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403 | (1) |
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Writing the Investigative Story |
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404 | (1) |
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Using Technology in Investigative Reporting |
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405 | (1) |
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Using Computers to Get Answers |
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405 | (1) |
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406 | (1) |
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407 | (1) |
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Ethical Issues in Investigative Reporting |
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408 | (3) |
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Guest Columnist: Developing Investigative Story Ideas |
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411 | (1) |
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The Reporter's Guide to Investigative Reporting |
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412 | (1) |
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413 | (1) |
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Chapter 19 Journalism and Public Relations |
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414 | (21) |
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414 | (1) |
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415 | (1) |
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Corporate, Nonprofit and Government PR |
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416 | (1) |
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417 | (1) |
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418 | (1) |
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418 | (1) |
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418 | (1) |
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419 | (1) |
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Tips for Effective News Releases |
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420 | (1) |
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List a Contact and a Follow-Up Person |
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420 | (1) |
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420 | (1) |
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Use Journalism's Five W's |
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420 | (1) |
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420 | (1) |
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420 | (1) |
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420 | (1) |
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421 | (1) |
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From the Journalist's Perspective: Working with Press Releases |
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421 | (1) |
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The No. 1 Problem: Lack of Newsworthiness |
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422 | (1) |
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422 | (1) |
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422 | (1) |
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Rewriting for Newsworthiness |
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423 | (1) |
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423 | (1) |
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The No. 2 Problem: Lack of Objectivity |
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424 | (1) |
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424 | (1) |
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Eliminating Laudatory Adjectives and Puffery |
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424 | (1) |
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Telling the Public What to Do |
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425 | (1) |
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Other Problems with News Releases |
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425 | (1) |
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425 | (1) |
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426 | (1) |
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426 | (1) |
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The Reporter's Guide to Public Relations |
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427 | (1) |
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428 | (7) |
| Appendix A City Directory |
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435 | (16) |
| Appendix B Summary of AP Style |
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451 | (18) |
| Appendix C Rules for Forming Possessives |
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469 | (4) |
| Credits |
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473 | (2) |
| Index |
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475 | |