Contributors |
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xix | |
Foreword |
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xxv | |
Preface |
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xxvii | |
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Section A Zika virus: Setting the scene |
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1 How Zika virus emerged and spread worldwide |
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Joselio Maria Galvao de Araujo |
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Manuela Sales Lima Nascimento |
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Paulo Marcos da Matta Guedes |
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African origin of Zika virus and its dispersion to Asia |
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3 | (2) |
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Introduction of ZIKV in Oceania |
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5 | (1) |
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Introduction of ZIKV in the Americas |
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6 | (3) |
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Reintroduction of ZIKV in Africa |
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9 | (1) |
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9 | (1) |
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10 | (1) |
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10 | (1) |
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10 | (1) |
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10 | (5) |
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2 Clinical neurological spectrum of adult and congenital ZIKV infection: An overview of virology, pathogenesis, and management |
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15 | (1) |
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Introduction to Zika virus |
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15 | (1) |
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Epidemiology of Zika virus |
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16 | (1) |
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Pathogenesis of Zika virus |
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16 | (1) |
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16 | (2) |
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Clinical presentation of ZIKV infection |
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18 | (1) |
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Neurological manifestations of ZIKV infection |
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18 | (3) |
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Clinical management of ZIKA infections |
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21 | (1) |
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Diagnosis of ZIKA infections |
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21 | (2) |
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Treatment of ZIKV infections |
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23 | (1) |
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Possibility of a vaccine for ZIKA? |
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23 | (1) |
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Subsection policy and procedures |
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24 | (1) |
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Screening for ZIKA virus among pregnant women |
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24 | (1) |
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Screening for congenital microcephaly |
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24 | (1) |
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24 | (1) |
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Key facts of Zika virus neurological manifestations |
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25 | (1) |
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Key facts of congenital ZIKV syndrome |
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25 | (1) |
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25 | (1) |
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26 | (3) |
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3 Classification of Zika virus sequences with respect to their species and subspecies |
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Luiz Carlos Junior Alcantara |
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29 | (1) |
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Zika virus sequences from African countries |
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30 | (1) |
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Zika virus sequences from the Asian region |
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30 | (1) |
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Evolution of the Asian lineage |
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30 | (1) |
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Spread of the Asian lineage to Pacific and Americas |
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31 | (2) |
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The proposition of three lineages |
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33 | (1) |
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34 | (1) |
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34 | (1) |
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34 | (1) |
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Classification of sequences |
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35 | (1) |
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Genetic sequence database |
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35 | (1) |
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35 | (1) |
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Key facts of Zika virus lineage |
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35 | (1) |
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35 | (1) |
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36 | (3) |
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4 Health knowledge about Zika virus: Brazil aspects |
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39 | (2) |
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Public health response on vector control: Communicational strategies and perceptions of risk |
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41 | (1) |
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Advice to delay pregnancy as a public health strategy |
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42 | (1) |
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Awareness and knowledge about Zika virus in Brazil |
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43 | (1) |
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Consequences of the Zika virus epidemics on health services response and on reproductive behaviors |
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44 | (1) |
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45 | (1) |
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46 | (1) |
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46 | (1) |
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Key facts of Zika virus knowledge in Brazil |
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46 | (1) |
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47 | (1) |
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47 | (2) |
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5 Zika virus infection and replication organelle biogenesis |
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49 | (1) |
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Zika virus infection induces intracellular membrane remodeling and viral |
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Replication organelle formation |
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50 | (1) |
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Viral proteins required for viral replication organelle biogenesis |
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50 | (1) |
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ER membrane proteins involved in the formation of viral replication organelle |
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51 | (1) |
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Endosomal sorting complex required for transport-mediated membrane invagination and fission |
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52 | (1) |
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Autophagic machinery is activated in the ZIKV-infected cells |
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53 | (1) |
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Membrane lipids involved in the formation of viral replication organelle |
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54 | (1) |
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54 | (1) |
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54 | (1) |
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55 | (1) |
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Key facts of virus replication organelle biogenesis |
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55 | (1) |
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55 | (1) |
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55 | (6) |
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Section B Microcephaly and congenital syndromes |
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6 Microcephaly: Zika and other congenital infections |
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Microcephaly and TORCH agents |
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61 | (1) |
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Development of microcephaly in congenital infections |
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61 | (1) |
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62 | (1) |
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62 | (1) |
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63 | (1) |
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64 | (1) |
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65 | (1) |
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The pathogenesis of congenital infections |
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66 | (1) |
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67 | (1) |
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67 | (1) |
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68 | (1) |
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68 | (1) |
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69 | (1) |
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69 | (1) |
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Key facts on microcephaly secondary to |
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70 | (1) |
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70 | (1) |
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70 | (5) |
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7 Zika and impact on the nervous system in children |
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75 | (1) |
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76 | (1) |
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76 | (1) |
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Congenital Zika virus infection |
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77 | (1) |
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Neurological complications associated with Zika infection |
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77 | (1) |
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78 | (1) |
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78 | (1) |
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79 | (1) |
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79 | (2) |
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81 | (1) |
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81 | (1) |
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81 | (1) |
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81 | (4) |
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8 Use of induced pluripotent stem cells and cerebral organoids to profile Zika virus infection: Features and findings |
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Guilherme Liberato da Silva |
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Denise Cantarelli Machado |
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85 | (1) |
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Experimental models to study neurological diseases |
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86 | (1) |
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Induced pluripotent stem cells |
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86 | (1) |
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87 | (2) |
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89 | (1) |
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Cerebral organoids X Zika virus |
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90 | (1) |
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Perspectives and conclusions |
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91 | (1) |
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92 | (1) |
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92 | (1) |
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92 | (1) |
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93 | (1) |
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93 | (1) |
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93 | (1) |
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93 | (4) |
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9 Zika, miRNAs, and microcephaly genes |
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97 | (1) |
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ZIKV-induced cranial morphology |
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98 | (1) |
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98 | (1) |
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99 | (1) |
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99 | (4) |
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103 | (1) |
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MCPH genes and the miRs connection |
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104 | (1) |
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MCPH mutations and the miR link |
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105 | (1) |
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106 | (1) |
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106 | (3) |
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109 | (3) |
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10 Adherens junctions and cell polarity: What they are and how they relate to congenital Zika virus syndrome |
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Felipe A. Bustamante-Barrientos |
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Cadherin-based adherens junctions and neural development |
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112 | (1) |
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Cell polarity and symmetric versus asymmetric cell division |
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113 | (1) |
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Flaviviruses and their impact on the expression and distribution of cell adhesion molecules |
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114 | (3) |
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Current knowledge on the impact of N-cadherin-based AJs and apical-basal polarity of RGCs in ZIKV-induced neuropathology |
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117 | (1) |
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118 | (1) |
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118 | (1) |
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Key facts of neurodevelopmental disorders |
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119 | (1) |
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119 | (1) |
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119 | (1) |
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119 | (6) |
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Section C Guillain-Barre syndrome |
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11 Severe Guillain-Barre syndrome |
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125 | (1) |
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Pathophysiology of Guillain-Barre syndrome |
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126 | (1) |
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127 | (1) |
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127 | (1) |
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128 | (1) |
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Cerebrospinal fluid analysis |
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128 | (1) |
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Electrodiagnostic studies |
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128 | (1) |
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Antiganglioside antibodies and preceding infections |
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128 | (1) |
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128 | (1) |
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129 | (1) |
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129 | (1) |
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130 | (1) |
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Combination treatment options |
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130 | (1) |
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130 | (1) |
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Policy and procedures: Diagnosis and treatment of Guillain-Barre syndrome |
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131 | (1) |
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131 | (1) |
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132 | (1) |
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Key facts of plasma exchange |
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132 | (1) |
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132 | (1) |
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132 | (3) |
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12 Oxidative stress in Guillain-Barre syndrome and linkage with neurology |
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135 | (1) |
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Oxidative stress in demyelinating diseases |
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136 | (1) |
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Free radicals and enzymatic antioxidation in GBS |
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137 | (1) |
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GBS and lipophilic antioxidants |
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138 | (1) |
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Uric acid, albumin, and haptoglobin as the antioxidant substrate in patients with GBS |
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138 | (1) |
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139 | (1) |
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140 | (1) |
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140 | (1) |
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Key facts of oxidative stress in GBS |
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140 | (1) |
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140 | (1) |
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141 | (2) |
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13 Neuromuscular effects and rehabilitation in Guillain-Barre syndrome |
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143 | (1) |
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Pharmacological treatment |
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144 | (1) |
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Multidisciplinary rehabilitation |
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144 | (1) |
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145 | (1) |
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Neuromuscular electrical stimulation |
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145 | (1) |
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Virtual motor rehabilitation system |
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146 | (1) |
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146 | (1) |
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146 | (1) |
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Neuromuscular electrical stimulation protocol |
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146 | (1) |
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147 | (1) |
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Key facts of neuromuscular rehabilitation in GBS |
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147 | (1) |
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Summary points of neuromuscular rehabilitation in GBS |
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147 | (1) |
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148 | (3) |
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14 Postinfectious demyelinating diseases: Guillain-Barre syndrome and beyond |
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151 | (1) |
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Zika virus and peripheral nervous system inflammatory and demyelinating diseases |
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152 | (3) |
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Zika virus and central nervous system inflammatory and demyelinating diseases |
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155 | (1) |
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Challenges in the diagnosis of ZIKV and the role of other flavivirus infection |
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156 | (1) |
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157 | (1) |
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157 | (1) |
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International classification criteria for inflammatory demyelinating diseases of the central and peripheral nervous system |
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157 | (1) |
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Zika antibody and nucleic acid amplification testing |
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158 | (1) |
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References (related to policy and procedures) |
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158 | (1) |
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159 | (1) |
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160 | (1) |
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Key facts of Zika virus-related neurological disorders |
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160 | (1) |
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Key facts of demyelinating diseases |
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160 | (1) |
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160 | (1) |
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161 | (5) |
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15 Linking in placental alterations, Zika virus, and Guillain-Barre syndrome |
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166 | (1) |
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The placenta and vertical transmission |
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166 | (1) |
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Placental permissiveness to ZIKV |
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167 | (1) |
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Histopathological aspects and changes in ZIKV-infected placentas |
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167 | (1) |
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Cell subpopulations and cytokines in ZIKV-infected placentas |
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168 | (1) |
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The Guillain-Barre syndrome |
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169 | (1) |
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169 | (1) |
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The GBS associated with ZIKV infection |
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170 | (1) |
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171 | (1) |
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171 | (1) |
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171 | (1) |
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Key facts of ZIKV-infected placentas and GBS associated to ZIKV |
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171 | (2) |
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173 | (1) |
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173 | (6) |
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Section D Case studies and short reports |
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16 Case study: Neuroimaging of adults and Zika virus |
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Luiz Celso Hygino da Cruz |
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179 | (1) |
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179 | (2) |
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Acute disseminated encephalomyelitis |
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181 | (1) |
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Imaging findings of acute disseminated encephalomyelitis |
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181 | (2) |
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Acute disseminated encephalomyelitis and Zika virus |
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183 | (1) |
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183 | (1) |
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183 | (1) |
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183 | (1) |
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Key facts of Zika virus infection complicated by acute disseminated encephalomyelitis |
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183 | (1) |
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184 | (1) |
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184 | (1) |
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17 Case study: Magnetic resonance imaging and babies with Zika virus infection |
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Luiz Celso Hygino da Cruz |
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185 | (1) |
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186 | (4) |
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Transmission and pathogenesis |
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190 | (1) |
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Clinical manifestations of congenital Zika syndrome |
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190 | (1) |
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191 | (1) |
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191 | (1) |
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191 | (1) |
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Key facts of imaging of congenital Zika syndrome |
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191 | (1) |
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192 | (1) |
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192 | (1) |
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18 A case study of Guillain-Barre syndrome associated with Zika virus infection |
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193 | (1) |
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Clinical case study of Guillain-Barre syndrome associated with Zika virus infection |
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194 | (1) |
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194 | (1) |
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194 | (1) |
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Transfer to intensive care unit |
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194 | (1) |
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Evolution after hospital discharge |
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195 | (1) |
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196 | (1) |
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Diagnosis of ZIKV infection in patients with GBS |
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196 | (1) |
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197 | (1) |
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198 | (1) |
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198 | (3) |
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19 Clinical manifestations and outcomes of Guillain-Barre syndrome complicating Zika virus infection |
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201 | (1) |
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202 | (1) |
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202 | (1) |
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202 | (1) |
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202 | (1) |
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Policy and procedures: Diagnostic criteria of GBS |
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203 | (1) |
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203 | (1) |
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Key facts of Guillain-Barre syndrome |
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203 | (1) |
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204 | (1) |
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204 | (3) |
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20 Auditory brainstem in Zika virus: Insights about brain development in microcephaly |
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Maria Elizabeth Lopes Moreira |
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207 | (1) |
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Brainstem auditory evoked potentials in microcephaly caused by the Zika virus |
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207 | (2) |
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The brainstem in congenital Zika virus syndrome |
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209 | (1) |
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Zika pathogenesis and brainstem ontogenesis |
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210 | (1) |
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210 | (1) |
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210 | (1) |
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Key facts of brainstem auditory evoked potentials |
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211 | (1) |
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211 | (1) |
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211 | (4) |
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Section E Methods, biomarkers, and diagnosis |
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21 Magnetic resonance imaging use in detecting neurological abnormalities in Zika virus infection |
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Luiz Celso Hygino da Cruz Junior |
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215 | (1) |
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216 | (1) |
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216 | (5) |
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Neurological complications of postnatal acquired Zika virus infection |
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221 | (1) |
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222 | (2) |
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Encephalitis/men ingoencephalitis |
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224 | (1) |
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224 | (1) |
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Acute disseminated encephalomyelitis |
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224 | (4) |
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228 | (1) |
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228 | (1) |
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228 | (1) |
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228 | (1) |
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Key facts of imaging of neurological complications of Zika virus infection |
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229 | (1) |
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229 | (1) |
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229 | (2) |
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22 Magnetic modulation biosensing: How it works and how it can be used to detect the Zika virus |
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231 | (1) |
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State-of-the-art ZIKV serological and antigenemia assays |
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232 | (1) |
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232 | (1) |
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233 | (1) |
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233 | (1) |
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Microfluidic paper-based analytical devices |
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233 | (1) |
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Time-resolved Forster resonance energy transfer |
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233 | (1) |
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Surface-enhanced Raman spectroscopy (SERS)-based sandwich immunoassays |
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234 | (1) |
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Magnetic modulation biosensing (MMB)-based assay |
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234 | (1) |
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ZIKV IgM and IgC MMB-based assay vs EUROIMMUN ELISA (analytical sensitivity and dynamic range) |
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234 | (1) |
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ZIKV IgM and IgG MMB-based assay vs EUROIMMUN ELISA (clinical sensitivity, specificity, and cross-reactivity) |
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234 | (2) |
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236 | (1) |
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236 | (1) |
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236 | (1) |
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237 | (1) |
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Key facts of ZIKV serological assays |
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238 | (1) |
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239 | (1) |
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240 | (3) |
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23 RNA extraction techniques of different body fluids for Zika virus: Blood, genitourinary specimens, saliva, and other relevant fluids |
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Bonnie E. Gulas-Wroblewski |
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243 | (1) |
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243 | (2) |
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245 | (1) |
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245 | (1) |
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245 | (1) |
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Genitourinary and gastrointestinal specimens |
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245 | (1) |
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245 | (2) |
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247 | (1) |
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248 | (1) |
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248 | (1) |
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249 | (1) |
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249 | (1) |
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249 | (1) |
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249 | (1) |
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250 | (1) |
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250 | (1) |
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Key facts of viral diagnostics |
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250 | (1) |
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250 | (1) |
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250 | (5) |
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24 Saliva and urine analysis of Zika virus using loop-mediated isothermal amplification (LAMP) |
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255 | (1) |
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256 | (1) |
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256 | (1) |
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Loop-mediated isothermal amplification (LAMP) |
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257 | (1) |
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Zika virus detection through LAMP |
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257 | (2) |
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259 | (1) |
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259 | (1) |
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Policy and procedures: Positive samples |
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259 | (1) |
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Policy and procedures: Positive controls |
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259 | (1) |
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Policy and procedures: Saliva collection |
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259 | (1) |
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Policy and procedures: Zika virus analysis through LAMP |
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259 | (1) |
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259 | (1) |
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259 | (1) |
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259 | (1) |
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260 | (1) |
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260 | (1) |
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260 | (3) |
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25 Graphene-based biosensors for the detection of Zika virus |
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263 | (1) |
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Graphene-based biosensors |
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264 | (1) |
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Diagnostics methods for detecting Zika virus |
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265 | (1) |
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Traditional diagnostic methods for detecting Zika virus |
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265 | (2) |
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Recent diagnostic methods for detecting Zika virus |
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267 | (1) |
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Graphene-based biosensors for the detection of ZIKV |
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268 | (1) |
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Field effect biosensing with monoclonal antibodies |
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268 | (1) |
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Surface imprint-based electrochemical biosensor |
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269 | (1) |
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Current challenges and conclusion |
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269 | (1) |
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Policy and procedure: Testing for Zika virus infections |
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270 | (1) |
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270 | (1) |
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Key facts of graphene biosensors |
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270 | (1) |
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270 | (1) |
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271 | (2) |
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26 The ZIKV Defecf IgM Capture ELISA |
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273 | (1) |
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Composition and assay protocol of the ZIKV Detect 2.0 IgM Capture ELISA |
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274 | (1) |
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274 | (1) |
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Performance of the InBios ZIKV Defect 2.0 IgM Capture ELISA compared with the original version |
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275 | (1) |
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Other studies using InBios ZIKV Detect IgM Capture ELISA |
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276 | (1) |
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Applicability of the InBios ZIKV Defect 2.0 IgM Capture ELISA to clinical diagnostic testing |
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277 | (1) |
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Regulatory status and labeling |
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277 | (1) |
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Performance of the InBios ZIKV Detect IgM Capture ELISA in proficiency testing |
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277 | (2) |
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279 | (1) |
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279 | (1) |
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Key facts of InBios ZIKV Defecf IgM 2.0 Capture ELISA |
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279 | (1) |
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280 | (1) |
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280 | (4) |
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27 Quantum dot-based fluoroassays for Zika |
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284 | (1) |
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Basic principles of QDs and their potential to bioanalysis |
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284 | (1) |
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Brief introduction to QDs |
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284 | (1) |
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QDs and optical biosensing |
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285 | (1) |
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Zika QD-based detection methods |
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286 | (1) |
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286 | (1) |
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287 | (1) |
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288 | (1) |
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289 | (1) |
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289 | (1) |
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Key facts of quantum dot-based assays |
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290 | (1) |
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290 | (1) |
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290 | (3) |
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28 Serological detection of specific IgA antibodies against Zika virus nonstructural protein 1 contributes to diagnosis of acute Zika virus infections |
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293 | (1) |
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Diagnosis of ZIKV infections by means of laboratory methods |
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293 | (1) |
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Kinetic profiles of specific anti-ZIKV antibodies of classes IgM and IgG |
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294 | (1) |
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The challenge: Diagnosing ZIKV infection based on the serological evidence obtained with a single serum sample |
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295 | (1) |
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Kinetics of specific IgA antibodies in acute ZIKV infection |
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296 | (1) |
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Can anti-ZIKV IgA antibodies contribute to the detection of acute ZIKV infection in an endemic setting? |
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297 | (1) |
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Added value of specific IgA antibodies to the serodiagnosis of acute ZIKV infection |
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297 | (2) |
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299 | (1) |
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Principle of the anti-Zika virus ELISA (IgAM) |
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299 | (1) |
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300 | (1) |
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300 | (1) |
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300 | (1) |
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300 | (3) |
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29 Serological algorithms: How they can be used for differentiating ZIKV from DENV infection |
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303 | (1) |
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Antibody response after flavivirus infection |
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304 | (1) |
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Serological methods used to detect anti-ZIKV antibodies |
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304 | (3) |
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Cross-reactivity of anti-E and NS1 antibody between ZIKV and DENV |
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307 | (2) |
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Current algorithms proposed for differentiation |
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309 | (2) |
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Future perspectives and challenges |
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311 | (1) |
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311 | (1) |
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311 | (1) |
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Window of detectability using different diagnostic tools |
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311 | (1) |
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311 | (1) |
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311 | (1) |
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Cross-reactivity of flavivirus-specific antibody |
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312 | (1) |
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312 | (1) |
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312 | (1) |
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312 | (5) |
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Section F Control, vaccines, and treatments |
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30 Aedes aegypti and the use of natural molecules for its control: Implications in the decrease of Zika disease |
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Duverney Chaverra-Rodriguez |
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317 | (1) |
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What should be considered as a natural molecule with pesticide activity? |
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318 | (1) |
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Insecticidal and repellents are toxins, no matter its origin |
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319 | (1) |
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Multieffect of natural molecules with potential use against Ae. aegypti |
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319 | (1) |
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Market availability of pesticides made with NaM |
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320 | (1) |
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Challenges of producing marketable products from NaM |
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321 | (1) |
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Search of new compounds with insecticidal or repellent activity |
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321 | (1) |
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The implications of using natural molecules on the reduction of the incidence of Zika disease |
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322 | (1) |
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323 | (1) |
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Key facts of the use of natural molecules for mosquito control |
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324 | (1) |
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324 | (1) |
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324 | (1) |
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324 | (3) |
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31 Strategies of Zika virus control with larvicides and their toxic potential: A focus on pyriproxyfen |
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Maria das Dores Alves de Oliveira |
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Teresinha De Jesus Aguiar Dos Santos Andrade |
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Joaquim Soares da Costa Junior |
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327 | (2) |
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329 | (1) |
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330 | (1) |
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Aedes aegypti and Aedes albopictus |
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330 | (1) |
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Vector control strategies |
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330 | (2) |
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Use of insecticides/pesticides to control ZIKV |
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332 | (1) |
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333 | (1) |
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333 | (1) |
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Key facts of virus incidence and control strategies |
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334 | (1) |
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334 | (1) |
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334 | (3) |
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32 Larvicides: Plant oils and Zika control |
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337 | (1) |
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Requirement of plant-derived/essential oil-based insect repellents |
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338 | (1) |
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Plant essential oils for mosquito repellency |
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338 | (1) |
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339 | (1) |
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339 | (1) |
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339 | (1) |
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339 | (1) |
|
Methods of extraction of plant-based repellents |
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340 | (1) |
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Promising developments in plant-based repellents and efficacy of plant oils to control different vector-borne (mosquito) diseases |
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340 | (2) |
|
Laboratory setup and equipment required for essential oil testing |
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342 | (1) |
|
Future research areas of using essential oils for mosquito control |
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343 | (2) |
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345 | (1) |
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345 | (1) |
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345 | (1) |
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Key facts of plant essential oils (EOs) |
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345 | (1) |
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346 | (1) |
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346 | (3) |
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33 Pyridobenzothiazolones as anti-flavivirus agents: Impact on Zika virus |
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349 | (1) |
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The discovery of PBTZ 1 (HeE1-2Tyr) as anti-flavivirus inhibitor |
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350 | (1) |
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From the hit identification to the hit explosion: Design of potent, selective, and broad-spectrum anti-flavivirus PBTZs |
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351 | (3) |
|
Unraveling the mechanism of action of PBTZs |
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354 | (1) |
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Impact of PBTZs on ZIKV drug discovery and conclusions |
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355 | (1) |
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356 | (1) |
|
Pyridobenzothiazolones preparation |
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356 | (1) |
|
In vitro assays for evaluating DENV and WNV polymerase inhibition |
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356 | (1) |
|
Competitive NS3-NS5 ELISA interaction assay |
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356 | (1) |
|
Cell assays for evaluating anti-flavivirus activity |
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356 | (1) |
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357 | (1) |
|
Key facts of Zika treatment |
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357 | (1) |
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357 | (1) |
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357 | (2) |
|
34 The development of human monoclonal antibodies against Zika virus |
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359 | (1) |
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360 | (1) |
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Human monoclonal antibodies (mAbs) |
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360 | (1) |
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361 | (1) |
|
Human mAbs targeting ZIKV E protein |
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361 | (2) |
|
Human mAbs targeting NS1 protein |
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363 | (1) |
|
Antibody-dependent enhancement of infection (ADE) |
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363 | (1) |
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364 | (1) |
|
Policy and procedures: Isolation of mAbs from infected humans |
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364 | (1) |
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364 | (1) |
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Key facts about neutralizing antibodies |
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365 | (1) |
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365 | (1) |
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365 | (2) |
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35 The Zika virus NS1 protein as a vaccine target |
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367 | (1) |
|
Current available flavivirus vaccines |
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368 | (1) |
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368 | (1) |
|
Protection mediated by NS1 - specific antibodies |
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369 | (1) |
|
The mechanism of NS1 antibody-based protection |
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369 | (1) |
|
Fc-mediated effector functions of ZIKV glycoprotein-specific antibodies |
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370 | (1) |
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371 | (1) |
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372 | (1) |
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372 | (1) |
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372 | (1) |
|
Key facts of antibodies that target the NS1 |
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373 | (1) |
|
Key facts of flavivirus envelope glycoproteins |
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373 | (1) |
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373 | (1) |
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374 | (3) |
|
36 Zika vaccines must prevent sexual transmission |
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|
377 | (2) |
|
Current vaccine effort to quell ZIKV |
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379 | (2) |
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381 | (1) |
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381 | (4) |
|
37 Nucleoside analogue inhibitors for Zika virus infection |
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385 | (1) |
|
Zika virus (ZIKV) genome replication and structure/function of ZIKV NS5 |
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|
385 | (1) |
|
Nucleoside analogues (NIs) as treatments for viral infections |
|
|
386 | (1) |
|
Nucleoside analogue prodrugs and ribonucleoside analogue phosphorylation |
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387 | (1) |
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387 | (1) |
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387 | (1) |
|
Nucleobase modifications and selection |
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388 | (1) |
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388 | (1) |
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389 | (1) |
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389 | (1) |
|
Activity of nucleoside analogues against ZIKV and related flaviviruses in cell model and animal models |
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389 | (1) |
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|
389 | (2) |
|
Policy and procedures: Cell assays for evaluating anti-ZIKV compounds in vitro |
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391 | (1) |
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391 | (2) |
|
Key facts of nucleoside analogues for ZIKV |
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393 | (1) |
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394 | (1) |
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394 | (3) |
|
38 Medicinal plants as promising source of natural antiviral substances against Zika virus |
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397 | (1) |
|
Molecular tools to assess anti-ZIKV compounds |
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398 | (1) |
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398 | (1) |
|
Minimal replication units |
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398 | (1) |
|
Isolated enzymes or catalytic domains |
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399 | (1) |
|
Plant-derived antivirals against ZIKV |
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399 | (1) |
|
ZIKV infectivity inhibitors |
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399 | (2) |
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|
401 | (1) |
|
ZIKV RNA synthesis inhibitors |
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401 | (1) |
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|
402 | (1) |
|
ZIKV polymerase inhibitors |
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402 | (1) |
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402 | (1) |
|
Policy and procedures: Method to assess plant-derived antivirals in vivo |
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402 | (2) |
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404 | (1) |
|
Keys facts of phytochemicals evaluated in vitro and in vivo |
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405 | (1) |
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405 | (1) |
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405 | (4) |
|
39 Protein kinase C as a target in the control of viruses and implication for Zika virus |
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409 | (1) |
|
PKC structure and classification |
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|
409 | (1) |
|
PKC activation and functions |
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410 | (1) |
|
Role of PKC on viral infections |
|
|
411 | (1) |
|
PKC implications for Zika virus and other related flaviviruses |
|
|
411 | (1) |
|
Modulation of PKC for the control of viruses |
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|
412 | (1) |
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412 | (1) |
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|
412 | (1) |
|
PKCs structure and isoform roles |
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412 | (1) |
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|
412 | (1) |
|
Key facts of protein kinases C |
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412 | (1) |
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413 | (1) |
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413 | (4) |
|
40 Nanotechnology applied in the control and diagnosis of Zika virus and its vectors |
|
|
|
Gabriel Augusto Pires de Souza |
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|
Tulio Cesar Rodrigues Leite |
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|
|
Anna Carolina Toledo da Cunha Pereira |
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|
|
Luiz Cosme Cotta Malaquias |
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|
Luiz Felipe Leomil Coelho |
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|
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417 | (1) |
|
Nanotechnological strategies for Zika virus diagnosis |
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|
417 | (2) |
|
Nanotechnological strategies for control of ZIKV vectors |
|
|
419 | (2) |
|
Nanotechnological strategies for antiviral and vaccine development |
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|
421 | (2) |
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423 | (1) |
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423 | (1) |
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423 | (1) |
|
Key facts of nanomedicine and nanoparticles |
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423 | (1) |
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424 | (1) |
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424 | (5) |
|
Section G Models and modeling |
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|
|
41 Neonatal microcephaly and humanized mouse models for Zika viral pathogenesis and immunity |
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429 | (1) |
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429 | (2) |
|
Zika viral human immune responses in hu-BLT mice |
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|
431 | (1) |
|
ZIKV viral infection and human immune responses in DRAC-hu mice |
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|
431 | (1) |
|
ZIKV infection of human hematopoietic cells and implications for viral persistence |
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|
432 | (1) |
|
A neonatal Rag2-/-γc-/- mouse model for ZIKV microcephaly |
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432 | (1) |
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433 | (1) |
|
Generating humanized mice for the study of ZIKV |
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433 | (1) |
|
Flow cytometry-based ZIKV neutralization assay (FNT) |
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|
434 | (1) |
|
Rag2-/-γc-/ neonatal mouse model for microcephaly |
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434 | (1) |
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434 | (1) |
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435 | (1) |
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435 | (1) |
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435 | (1) |
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435 | (4) |
|
42 Use of liver cells to discover novel peptides for anti-Zika strategies |
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439 | (1) |
|
Hepatotoxicity is a major hurdle in drug development |
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|
439 | (1) |
|
Liver cells as the model cell system for ZIKV studies |
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|
440 | (1) |
|
Liver complications in ZIKV-infected patients |
|
|
441 | (1) |
|
Anti-ZIKV drug development |
|
|
442 | (1) |
|
The targets and the drugs |
|
|
442 | (3) |
|
Utilizing liver cells in anti-ZIKV development strategies |
|
|
445 | (1) |
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|
446 | (1) |
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|
446 | (1) |
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|
446 | (1) |
|
Key facts: Drug-induced liver injury (DILI) |
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|
446 | (1) |
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447 | (1) |
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|
447 | (4) |
|
43 In vivo mouse models to investigate the microcephaly associated with Zika virus |
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|
|
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|
451 | (1) |
|
Animal models of ZIKV infection |
|
|
452 | (1) |
|
Vertical transmission of ZIKV |
|
|
452 | (2) |
|
Direct administration of ZIKV in utero |
|
|
454 | (1) |
|
Other animal models to study ZIKV infection |
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|
455 | (1) |
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|
456 | (1) |
|
Policy and procedures: Producing mouse models of ZIKV infection |
|
|
457 | (2) |
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|
459 | (1) |
|
Key facts of brain development |
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|
459 | (1) |
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|
459 | (1) |
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|
459 | (4) |
|
44 Zika virus infection with primates: Fetal outcomes |
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|
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|
463 | (1) |
|
Nonhuman primate animal models for ZIKV study |
|
|
464 | (1) |
|
In utero ZIKVexposure and neuropathology in primate fetus |
|
|
464 | (1) |
|
Olive baboon as a nonhuman primate model for ZIKV pathogenesis |
|
|
465 | (1) |
|
Cortical neuropathology in the fetal baboon |
|
|
465 | (1) |
|
Radial glial fibers, neuronal migration, and differentiation in the fetal brain |
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|
465 | (1) |
|
Gyri/sulci formation in the fetal cortex |
|
|
466 | (2) |
|
Oligodendrocyte differentiation, maturation, and myelination |
|
|
468 | (1) |
|
Neuroinflammation in the fetal brain |
|
|
468 | (1) |
|
Placental inflammation, vascular deficiency, and neuropathology |
|
|
468 | (1) |
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|
468 | (1) |
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|
469 | (1) |
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|
469 | (1) |
|
Key facts of microcephaly |
|
|
470 | (1) |
Summary points |
|
470 | (1) |
References |
|
470 | (3) |
Index |
|
473 | |