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Diagnostic Expertise in Organizational Environments [Kõva köide]

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(Macquarie University, Australia),
  • Formaat: Hardback, 204 pages, kõrgus x laius: 234x156 mm, kaal: 521 g
  • Ilmumisaeg: 12-May-2015
  • Kirjastus: CRC Press
  • ISBN-10: 1472435176
  • ISBN-13: 9781472435170
Teised raamatud teemal:
Diagnostic Expertise in Organizational EnvironmentsSuurem pilt
  • Formaat: Hardback, 204 pages, kõrgus x laius: 234x156 mm, kaal: 521 g
  • Ilmumisaeg: 12-May-2015
  • Kirjastus: CRC Press
  • ISBN-10: 1472435176
  • ISBN-13: 9781472435170
Teised raamatud teemal:
Püsilink: https://www.kriso.ee/db/9781472435170.html
Märksõnad:
Diagnostic Expertise in Organizational Environments provides a state-of-the-art foundation for a new paradigm in expertise research and practice. Skilled diagnosis is essential for accurate and efficient performance across a range of organizational contexts, including aviation, finance, rail, forensic investigation, firefighting, and medicine. However, it is also a complex process, subject to the abilities and experience of individual operators, the culture and practices of organizations, the relationships between operators, and the availability and usefulness of technology. As a consequence, diagnostic skills can be difficult to learn, maintain, and evaluate. This volume is a comprehensive approach that examines diagnostic expertise at the level of the individual practitioner, in the social context, and at the organizational level. The chapter authors comprise both academics and highly skilled practitioners so that there is a clear transition from understanding the problem of diagnostic skills to the implementation of solutions, either through redesign, training, and/or selection. It will appeal to those academics and practitioners interested and involved in this field and also prove useful to students of psychology, cognitive science education and/or computer interaction.

Arvustused

"A highly recommended book for human factors theorists and practitioners as well industry professionals." -Nektarios Karanikas, Aviation Academy, Amsterdam University of Applied Science, Netherlands, from Newsletter of the Europe Chapter of the Human Factors and Ergonomics Society, No. 2, 2015 "Want to know more about diagnostic expertise? This is the book for you! It is a taken-for-granted but little understood concept. Diagnosis comprises a special set of skills that enables experts to judge a situation based on their past experience and training. Wiggins and Loveday draw together theoretical perspectives with a broad range of practical applications in one comprehensive book. The editors are to be congratulated for providing a one-stop-shop for diagnostic expertise in organisations. This is a must-read book for what is an intriguing area that is ripe for research and application." -Neville A. Stanton, University of Southampton, UK "This is a well-structured book. Early chapters on the cognitive mechanisms involved in decision-making provide the theoretical background for chapters that deal with diagnosis in specific organisational contexts, such as medicine, aviation, crime detection, fire-fighting, and finance. This integrated structure, combined with an easy writing style and frequent references to recent empirical findings and training applications, will make this book an excellent resource for students, practitioners, and researchers." -Gerard J. Fogarty, University of Southern Queensland, Australia

List of Figures
iv
List of Contributors
xi
Preface xiii
1 Cues in Diagnostic Reasoning
1(12)
Mark W. Wiggins
The Basis of Cues
3(3)
Cues and Causality
6(1)
Cues and the Cognitive Miser
6(2)
Cues and Diagnosis
8(2)
Conclusion
10(3)
2 Situational Awareness and Diagnosis
13(14)
David O'Hare
Diagnostic Reasoning
14(3)
Situational Awareness
17(3)
An Alternative View of Situational Awareness
20(1)
Cognitive Engineering
21(2)
Conclusion
23(4)
3 Communication and Diagnostic Cues
27(10)
Lidija Krebs-Lazendic
Nan Xu Rattanasone
Jaime Auton
Communication Breakdowns in Aviation: Causes and Consequences
28(1)
Communication, Misunderstanding, and Non-Understanding
29(2)
Communications Protocols: Accident Prevention
31(1)
Hearing but Not Seeing Speech: Prosodic Cues as Indicators of Non-Understanding
32(2)
`World Englishes' in the Flying Tower of Babel: Linguistic Diversity and Communication Errors
34(2)
Conclusion
36(1)
4 Vigilance, Diagnosis, and its Impact on Operator Performance
37(12)
William S. Helton
Evolutionary Context
37(4)
Sustained Attention
41(5)
Conclusion
46(3)
5 Designing for Diagnostic Cues
49(12)
Thomas Loveday
Changing the Modality of Cues
50(1)
Miscueing and Poorly Differentiated Cues
51(1)
Designs and Incorrect Relationships
52(2)
Alarm Floods
54(1)
Feature Design Options
54(4)
Abstract or Iconic Features
58(1)
Conclusion
59(2)
6 The Social Context of Diagnosis
61(8)
Tamera Schneider
Joseph Forgas
The NDM Context
61(2)
Emotion and Decision-Making
63(3)
Mood and Diagnosis in NDM Settings
66(1)
Conclusion
67(2)
7 Diagnosis and Instructional Systems Design
69(12)
Mark W. Wiggins
The Nature of Cue-Based Learning
69(3)
Approaches to Cue-Based Training
72(1)
When to Implement Cue-Based Learning
73(3)
Developing a Learning Environment for Cue-Based Associations
76(2)
Diagnostic Cues and Skill Acquisition
78(2)
Conclusion
80(1)
8 Diagnostic Cues in Medicine
81(10)
David Schell
Marino Festa
Diagnosis and Clinical Decisions in Healthcare
81(2)
Diagnostic Challenges in the Hospital Environment
83(3)
Expert versus Competent, Non-Expert Clinicians
86(2)
Signature Cues and Cue-Matching Amongst Medical Experts
88(1)
Conclusion
89(2)
9 Diagnostic Cues in Major Crime Investigation
91(8)
Ben Morrison
Natalie Morrison
Decision-Making and Cues
91(2)
Cues in Major Crime Investigations
93(2)
Cue-Based Training for Forensic Investigators
95(2)
Cue-Based Decision Support Systems for Forensic Investigators
97(1)
Conclusion
98(1)
10 Diagnostic Cues in Finance
99(14)
Ben Searle
Jim Rooney
Off-Task and On-Task Cues
99(2)
Culture, Values and Norms
101(2)
Cues in Credit Underwriting
103(6)
Individual Factors Influencing On-Task and Off-Task Cue Utilization
109(1)
Culture and Normative Factors Influencing On-Task and Off-Task Cue Utilization
110(1)
Conclusion
111(2)
11 Diagnostic Support Systems
113(10)
Nathan Perry
The Diagnostic Failure that Crashed Air France Flight 447
113(1)
Information Processing and Less-Experienced Operators
114(2)
Supporting Diagnosis in Less-Experienced Operators
116(2)
Application of Reduced Processing Support Systems
118(3)
Conclusion
121(2)
12 Diagnosis and Culture in Safety Critical Environments
123(14)
Christine Owen
Team Communication and Culture
124(1)
Distinguishing between Professional and Situational Expertise
124(1)
Barriers to Team Communication
125(1)
Organizational Culture and Expertise
126(1)
The Empirical Studies
127(1)
Research Methods Employed
127(1)
Findings
128(2)
The Cultural Performance of Taking Control
130(3)
Overcoming the Limits of Professional Expertise
133(1)
Diagnosing Situational Expertise: Riding, Spanning, and Crossing the Boundaries
134(1)
Conclusion
135(2)
13 Diagnosis in Operations Control
137(12)
Peter Bruce
Aviation Environment
137(1)
Introduction to the OCC
138(1)
Managing Operational Disruptions
139(2)
Decision-Making
141(1)
Decision-Making Under Time Constraints
141(1)
Situation Assessment and Decision-Making
142(2)
Situation Assessment and Information Completeness
144(1)
Expertise and Decision-Making
145(1)
Expertise in OCCs
146(1)
Conclusion
146(3)
References 149(38)
Index 187
Mark Wiggins is Professor of Organisational Psychology and Deputy Director of the Centre for Elite Performance, Expertise and Training at Macquarie University, Sydney, Australia. He graduated with a PhD in Psychology in 2001 from the University of Otago and his research interests lie in understanding, assessing, and improving operators capacity to interpret and respond to changes in complex systems. He has published in both academic and industry journals, and has acted as an advisor to the United States Federal Aviation Administration, the Australian Civil Aviation Safety Authority, the Australian Transport Safety Bureau, TransGrid, Powerlink, and Parsons Brinckerhoff. Thomas Loveday is a Registered Psychologist in New South Wales and a member of the Human Factors and Ergonomic Society. He is currently employed as a post-doctoral researcher within the Centre for Elite Performance, Expertise and Training (CEPET) at Macquarie University and as a Human Factors Specialist at the Clinical Excellence Commission, NSW Health. Thomas has a number of publications investigating the relationship between expertise, decision-making, and interface cues in high-risk, high reliability industries like power distribution, anaesthesia, and aviation. He was recently one of the recipients of a research grant from the Australian and New Zealand College of Anaesthetists. He has also consulted on interface design evaluations for the banking industry, next-generation air-traffic control systems, and rail-control interfaces.