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1 Food Security: A Global Problem |
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1 | (40) |
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1.1 Concept of Food Security |
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1 | (3) |
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1.1.1 Origin of Food Security Concept |
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1 | (1) |
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2 | (1) |
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1.1.3 Probable Definitions of Food Security Concept |
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2 | (1) |
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1.1.4 Factors Determining the Food Availability |
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3 | (1) |
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1.2 Ranks of Food Security |
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4 | (1) |
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4 | (1) |
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4 | (1) |
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4 | (1) |
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1.3 Food Security Pillars |
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5 | (1) |
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1.3.1 Availability of Food |
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5 | (1) |
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1.3.2 Access of Individuals to the Available Food |
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5 | (1) |
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5 | (1) |
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6 | (1) |
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1.4 Difference Between Food Security and Nutrition Security |
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6 | (4) |
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7 | (1) |
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1.4.2 Food Insecurity Categories |
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7 | (1) |
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1.4.3 Expression of Food Insecurity |
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8 | (1) |
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1.4.4 How to Measure the Severity in Food Insecurity? |
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8 | (1) |
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1.4.5 Integrated Food Security Phase Classification (IPC) |
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9 | (1) |
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1.5 Who Is in Actual Facing the Problem of Food Insecurity? |
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10 | (1) |
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1.6 Why Food Security Is Termed as a Chief Global Challenge? |
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10 | (1) |
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1.7 Global Hunger Index (GHI) 2016 |
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11 | (8) |
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1.8 Challenges to Food Security |
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19 | (9) |
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1.8.1 Mounting Population |
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19 | (1) |
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1.8.2 Growing Incomes Influence the Diets |
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20 | (8) |
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1.9 Critical Consequences of Food Scarcity |
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28 | (6) |
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29 | (1) |
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1.9.2 Hunger and Malnutrition |
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30 | (2) |
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1.9.3 Disease Prevalence Chances |
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32 | (1) |
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33 | (1) |
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1.9.5 Development Under Threat |
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34 | (1) |
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1.10 Possible Solutions to Overcome Food Scarcity |
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34 | (3) |
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1.10.1 Development of Government Support Schemes |
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34 | (1) |
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1.10.2 Employment of Sustainable Agricultural Techniques |
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34 | (1) |
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1.10.3 Provide Partnerships to Farmers |
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34 | (1) |
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1.10.4 Need to Improve Financial Status of Individuals |
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35 | (1) |
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1.10.5 Development of Livestock |
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35 | (1) |
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1.10.6 Infrastructure Development |
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35 | (1) |
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1.10.7 Improvement of Irrigation Schemes |
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35 | (1) |
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1.10.8 Development of Resistant Varieties |
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35 | (1) |
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1.10.9 Halt the Spread of Invasive Species |
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36 | (1) |
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1.10.10 Increase the Scope of Agricultural Careers Among Young People |
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36 | (1) |
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1.10.11 Ensuring the Contribution of Women in Agriculture |
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36 | (1) |
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1.10.12 Switching to Wild Foods |
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36 | (1) |
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1.11 World's Efforts in Food Security |
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37 | (4) |
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1.11.1 Efforts by the United Nations |
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37 | (1) |
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1.11.2 Efforts by the FAO (Food and Agriculture Organization) |
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38 | (1) |
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38 | (1) |
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1.11.4 By World Food Programme (WFP) |
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38 | (1) |
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1.11.5 Worldwide Corporations to Triumph Food Security |
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38 | (1) |
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1.11.6 World Economic Forum Contribution |
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39 | (2) |
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2 Edible Wild Plants: A Solution to Overcome Food Insecurity |
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41 | (18) |
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2.1 What Are the Edible Wild Plants? |
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41 | (1) |
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2.2 Characteristics of WEPs |
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41 | (1) |
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2.3 Enlightenment to Wild Edible Plants |
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42 | (1) |
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2.4 Why Wild Edible Plants Are Important? |
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42 | (3) |
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2.5 A Brief Review of Wild Edible Plants |
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45 | (1) |
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2.6 Can Edible Wild Plants Be Used as an Alternative Food Source? |
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45 | (1) |
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2.7 Steps to Find Wild Edible Plants |
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46 | (10) |
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2.7.1 Locate Wild Edible Plants Habitat |
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46 | (1) |
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2.7.2 Preknowledge About Wild Edible Plants |
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46 | (1) |
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2.7.3 Always Take Initiative from Small Scale |
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46 | (1) |
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2.7.4 Start Looking to Other Areas |
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47 | (2) |
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49 | (1) |
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2.7.6 Search for Berries on Trees |
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49 | (1) |
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2.7.7 Search for Nuts Underneath the Trees |
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49 | (1) |
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2.7.8 Look for Fruiting Trees |
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50 | (1) |
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2.7.9 Search Plant Near Water Bodies |
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51 | (1) |
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2.7.10 Be Aware of Poisonous Flowers |
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52 | (1) |
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52 | (1) |
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2.7.12 Look for Deciduous Leaves |
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53 | (1) |
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54 | (1) |
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2.7.14 Test for Poison for Unknown Wild Edible Plants |
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54 | (2) |
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2.7.15 Collect Those Plants Which Are Abundant |
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56 | (1) |
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2.7.16 Avoid to Look Around Trashes |
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56 | (1) |
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56 | (1) |
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2.8 General Preparatory Methods for Wild Edible Plants |
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56 | (3) |
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3 Diversity of Edible Wild Plants: Global Perspectives |
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59 | (6) |
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3.1 Classification of Wild Edible Plants |
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59 | (3) |
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3.2 Wild Edible Plant Systems |
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62 | (1) |
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3.3 Some Important Families of Wild Edible Plants |
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63 | (2) |
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4 Status of Edible Wild Plants in Pakistan: Case Studies |
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65 | (62) |
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4.1 Berberis lycium Royle |
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65 | (4) |
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66 | (1) |
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66 | (1) |
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4.1.3 Morphological Description |
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66 | (1) |
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67 | (1) |
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67 | (1) |
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4.1.6 Edible and Medicinal Uses |
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67 | (1) |
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68 | (1) |
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69 | (3) |
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69 | (1) |
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70 | (1) |
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4.2.3 Morphological Description |
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70 | (1) |
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70 | (1) |
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71 | (1) |
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4.2.6 Edible and Medicinal Uses |
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71 | (1) |
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71 | (1) |
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4.3 Daphne mucronata Royle |
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72 | (3) |
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73 | (1) |
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73 | (1) |
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4.3.3 Morphological Description |
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73 | (1) |
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74 | (1) |
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74 | (1) |
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4.3.6 Edible and Medicinal Uses |
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74 | (1) |
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74 | (1) |
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4.4 Debregeasia salicifolia (D.Don) Rendle |
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75 | (4) |
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75 | (1) |
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76 | (1) |
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4.4.3 Morphological Description |
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76 | (1) |
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4.4.4 Organoleptography Studies |
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77 | (1) |
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4.4.5 Ethnobotanical Data |
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77 | (1) |
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77 | (1) |
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4.4.7 Medicinal Properties |
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78 | (1) |
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78 | (1) |
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79 | (3) |
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79 | (1) |
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80 | (1) |
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4.5.3 Morphological Description |
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80 | (1) |
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80 | (1) |
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81 | (1) |
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4.5.6 Edible and Medicinal Uses |
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81 | (1) |
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4.5.7 Medicinal Properties |
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81 | (1) |
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81 | (1) |
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4.6 Fragaria nubicola Lindl. ex Lacaita |
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82 | (4) |
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83 | (1) |
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83 | (1) |
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4.6.3 Morphological Description |
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83 | (1) |
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84 | (1) |
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84 | (1) |
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4.6.6 Edible and Medicinal Uses |
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84 | (1) |
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85 | (1) |
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86 | (3) |
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86 | (1) |
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87 | (1) |
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4.7.3 Morphological Description |
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87 | (1) |
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88 | (1) |
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88 | (1) |
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4.7.6 Edible and Medicinal Uses |
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88 | (1) |
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4.7.7 Medicinal Properties |
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88 | (1) |
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89 | (1) |
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4.8 Oxalis corniculata L. |
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89 | (4) |
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90 | (1) |
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90 | (1) |
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4.8.3 Morphological Description |
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90 | (1) |
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91 | (1) |
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91 | (1) |
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4.8.6 Edible and Medicinal Uses |
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91 | (1) |
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4.8.7 Medicinal Properties |
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92 | (1) |
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92 | (1) |
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4.9 Pistacia integerrima J. L. Stewart ex Brandis |
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93 | (3) |
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93 | (1) |
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94 | (1) |
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4.9.3 Morphological Description |
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94 | (1) |
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95 | (1) |
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95 | (1) |
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4.9.6 Edible and Medicinal Uses |
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95 | (1) |
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96 | (1) |
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4.10 Primus persica (L.) Batsch |
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96 | (4) |
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4.10.1 Systematic Studies |
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97 | (1) |
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97 | (1) |
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4.10.3 Morphological Description |
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97 | (1) |
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98 | (1) |
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98 | (1) |
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4.10.6 Edible and Medicinal Uses |
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98 | (1) |
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99 | (1) |
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100 | (3) |
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4.11.1 Systematic Studies |
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100 | (1) |
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101 | (1) |
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4.11.3 Morphological Description |
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101 | (1) |
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101 | (1) |
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102 | (1) |
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4.11.6 Edible and Medicinal Uses |
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102 | (1) |
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102 | (1) |
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103 | (3) |
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4.12.1 Systematic Studies |
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104 | (1) |
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104 | (1) |
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4.12.3 Morphological Description |
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104 | (1) |
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105 | (1) |
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105 | (1) |
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4.12.6 Edible and Medicinal Uses |
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105 | (1) |
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106 | (1) |
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4.13 Sageretia thea (Osbeck) M. C. Johnst |
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106 | (3) |
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4.13.1 Systematic Studies |
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107 | (1) |
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107 | (1) |
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4.13.3 Morphological Description |
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107 | (1) |
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4.13.4 Organoleptic Studies |
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108 | (1) |
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4.13.5 Ethnobotanical Data |
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108 | (1) |
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108 | (1) |
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108 | (1) |
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109 | (3) |
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4.14.1 Systematic Studies |
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109 | (1) |
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110 | (1) |
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4.14.3 Morphological Description |
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110 | (1) |
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111 | (1) |
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111 | (1) |
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4.14.6 Edible and Medicinal Uses |
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111 | (1) |
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111 | (1) |
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4.15 Solanum surattense Burm. f |
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112 | (4) |
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4.15.1 Systematic Studies |
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113 | (1) |
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113 | (1) |
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4.15.3 Morphological Description |
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113 | (1) |
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114 | (1) |
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114 | (1) |
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4.15.6 Edible and Medicinal |
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114 | (1) |
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115 | (1) |
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4.16 Viburnum grandiflorum Wall, ex DC |
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116 | (3) |
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4.16.1 Systematic Studies |
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116 | (1) |
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117 | (1) |
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4.16.3 Morphological Description |
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117 | (1) |
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117 | (1) |
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118 | (1) |
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4.16.6 Edible and Medicinal Uses |
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118 | (1) |
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118 | (1) |
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4.17 Zanthoxylum armatum DC |
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119 | (3) |
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4.17.1 Systematic Studies |
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119 | (1) |
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120 | (1) |
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4.17.3 Morphological Description |
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120 | (1) |
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121 | (1) |
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121 | (1) |
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4.17.6 Edible and Medicinal Uses |
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121 | (1) |
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121 | (1) |
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4.18 Ziziphus sativa Gaertn |
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122 | (5) |
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4.18.1 Systematic Studies |
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123 | (1) |
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123 | (1) |
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4.18.3 Morphological Description |
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123 | (1) |
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124 | (1) |
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124 | (1) |
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4.18.6 Edible and Medicinal Uses |
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124 | (1) |
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125 | (2) |
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5 Nutritional Contents and Analysis of Edible Wild Plants |
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127 | (8) |
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5.1 General Benefits of Wild Edible Plants |
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128 | (1) |
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5.2 Role of Edible Wild Plants in Balanced Diet |
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129 | (1) |
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5.3 Nutritional Explorations of Edible Wild Plants |
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130 | (1) |
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5.4 Examples of Nutritional/Medicinal Content of Some Wild Edibles |
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131 | (4) |
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131 | (1) |
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131 | (1) |
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132 | (1) |
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5.4.4 Ivy Gourd: Pak Tamlueng |
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132 | (1) |
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133 | (2) |
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6 List of Useful Edible Wild Plants for Daily Use |
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135 | (24) |
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6.1 Wild edible plants study in Bullen District Northwest Ethiopia |
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135 | (7) |
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6.2 Wild edible plants diversity in Nepal (Uprety et al. 2012) |
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142 | (8) |
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6.3 Wild edible plant studies for Takht-e-Sulaiman Hills, Northwest Pakistan |
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150 | (9) |
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7 A Pictorial Guide to Edible Wild Plants |
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159 | (16) |
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8 Conservation Measures and Sustainable Production of Edible Wild Plants |
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175 | (6) |
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8.1 A Historic Outline About Using Wild Edible Plants |
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175 | (1) |
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8.2 A Relationship Between Wild Edible Plants and Current Rural Societies |
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176 | (1) |
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8.3 Challenges in Incorporating the WEPs into Our Diet |
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177 | (1) |
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8.4 Required Initiatives in Regard to Wild Edible Plants |
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178 | (3) |
Bibliography |
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