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E-raamat: Edible Wild Plants: An alternative approach to food security

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  • Ilmumisaeg: 31-Aug-2017
  • Kirjastus: Springer International Publishing AG
  • Keel: eng
  • ISBN-13: 9783319630373
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  • Formaat: PDF+DRM
  • Ilmumisaeg: 31-Aug-2017
  • Kirjastus: Springer International Publishing AG
  • Keel: eng
  • ISBN-13: 9783319630373

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This text focuses on underutilized wild plants that can help to reduce food deficiency in developing nations. Edible wild plants are viewed as a potential solution for overcoming food insecurity for families in these regions, with a specific focus on sustainable production and conservation measures. Detailed analysis of specific wild plants is provided, including the nutritional contents of each plant. A full list of edible wild plants is included for the benefit of researchers, plus a pictorial guide for easy identification of these plants. Specific case studies are provided in which edible wild plants are used to reduce food insecurity, and the diversity of edible wild plants is studied from a global perspective.

In developing countries, a significant obstacle to human survival is the increasing gap between food availability and the growing human population. Food insecurity results in less consumption of fruits and vegetables and leads to mineral and vitamin deficiency for individuals in these regions. Edible Wild plants: An alternative approach to food security focuses on growing and using wild plants in order to reduce food insecurity and malnutrition. Wild edible plants are inexpensive and are a rich source of antioxidants, vitamins, fiber, and minerals. As the first book to specifically focus on edible wild plants and their vital role in food security and nutrition, this text is incredibly valuable to any researcher studying innovative potential solutions to food deficiency in the developing world.

1 Food Security: A Global Problem
1(40)
1.1 Concept of Food Security
1(3)
1.1.1 Origin of Food Security Concept
1(1)
1.1.2 World Food Summit
2(1)
1.1.3 Probable Definitions of Food Security Concept
2(1)
1.1.4 Factors Determining the Food Availability
3(1)
1.2 Ranks of Food Security
4(1)
1.2.1 Household Level
4(1)
1.2.2 Subnational Level
4(1)
1.2.3 National Level
4(1)
1.3 Food Security Pillars
5(1)
1.3.1 Availability of Food
5(1)
1.3.2 Access of Individuals to the Available Food
5(1)
1.3.3 Food Consumption
5(1)
1.3.4 Food Stability
6(1)
1.4 Difference Between Food Security and Nutrition Security
6(4)
1.4.1 Food Insecurity
7(1)
1.4.2 Food Insecurity Categories
7(1)
1.4.3 Expression of Food Insecurity
8(1)
1.4.4 How to Measure the Severity in Food Insecurity?
8(1)
1.4.5 Integrated Food Security Phase Classification (IPC)
9(1)
1.5 Who Is in Actual Facing the Problem of Food Insecurity?
10(1)
1.6 Why Food Security Is Termed as a Chief Global Challenge?
10(1)
1.7 Global Hunger Index (GHI) 2016
11(8)
1.8 Challenges to Food Security
19(9)
1.8.1 Mounting Population
19(1)
1.8.2 Growing Incomes Influence the Diets
20(8)
1.9 Critical Consequences of Food Scarcity
28(6)
1.9.1 Rising Food Prices
29(1)
1.9.2 Hunger and Malnutrition
30(2)
1.9.3 Disease Prevalence Chances
32(1)
1.9.4 Threat to Humanity
33(1)
1.9.5 Development Under Threat
34(1)
1.10 Possible Solutions to Overcome Food Scarcity
34(3)
1.10.1 Development of Government Support Schemes
34(1)
1.10.2 Employment of Sustainable Agricultural Techniques
34(1)
1.10.3 Provide Partnerships to Farmers
34(1)
1.10.4 Need to Improve Financial Status of Individuals
35(1)
1.10.5 Development of Livestock
35(1)
1.10.6 Infrastructure Development
35(1)
1.10.7 Improvement of Irrigation Schemes
35(1)
1.10.8 Development of Resistant Varieties
35(1)
1.10.9 Halt the Spread of Invasive Species
36(1)
1.10.10 Increase the Scope of Agricultural Careers Among Young People
36(1)
1.10.11 Ensuring the Contribution of Women in Agriculture
36(1)
1.10.12 Switching to Wild Foods
36(1)
1.11 World's Efforts in Food Security
37(4)
1.11.1 Efforts by the United Nations
37(1)
1.11.2 Efforts by the FAO (Food and Agriculture Organization)
38(1)
1.11.3 US AID Efforts
38(1)
1.11.4 By World Food Programme (WFP)
38(1)
1.11.5 Worldwide Corporations to Triumph Food Security
38(1)
1.11.6 World Economic Forum Contribution
39(2)
2 Edible Wild Plants: A Solution to Overcome Food Insecurity
41(18)
2.1 What Are the Edible Wild Plants?
41(1)
2.2 Characteristics of WEPs
41(1)
2.3 Enlightenment to Wild Edible Plants
42(1)
2.4 Why Wild Edible Plants Are Important?
42(3)
2.5 A Brief Review of Wild Edible Plants
45(1)
2.6 Can Edible Wild Plants Be Used as an Alternative Food Source?
45(1)
2.7 Steps to Find Wild Edible Plants
46(10)
2.7.1 Locate Wild Edible Plants Habitat
46(1)
2.7.2 Preknowledge About Wild Edible Plants
46(1)
2.7.3 Always Take Initiative from Small Scale
46(1)
2.7.4 Start Looking to Other Areas
47(2)
2.7.5 Look for Berries
49(1)
2.7.6 Search for Berries on Trees
49(1)
2.7.7 Search for Nuts Underneath the Trees
49(1)
2.7.8 Look for Fruiting Trees
50(1)
2.7.9 Search Plant Near Water Bodies
51(1)
2.7.10 Be Aware of Poisonous Flowers
52(1)
2.7.11 Search for Vines
52(1)
2.7.12 Look for Deciduous Leaves
53(1)
2.7.13 Conifer Leaves
54(1)
2.7.14 Test for Poison for Unknown Wild Edible Plants
54(2)
2.7.15 Collect Those Plants Which Are Abundant
56(1)
2.7.16 Avoid to Look Around Trashes
56(1)
2.7.17 Washing Rule
56(1)
2.8 General Preparatory Methods for Wild Edible Plants
56(3)
3 Diversity of Edible Wild Plants: Global Perspectives
59(6)
3.1 Classification of Wild Edible Plants
59(3)
3.2 Wild Edible Plant Systems
62(1)
3.3 Some Important Families of Wild Edible Plants
63(2)
4 Status of Edible Wild Plants in Pakistan: Case Studies
65(62)
4.1 Berberis lycium Royle
65(4)
4.1.1 Systematic Studies
66(1)
4.1.2 Ecology
66(1)
4.1.3 Morphological Description
66(1)
4.1.4 Organoleptography
67(1)
4.1.5 Edible Potential
67(1)
4.1.6 Edible and Medicinal Uses
67(1)
4.1.7 Folk Preparations
68(1)
4.2 Cydonia oblonga Mill
69(3)
4.2.1 Systematic Studies
69(1)
4.2.2 Ecology
70(1)
4.2.3 Morphological Description
70(1)
4.2.4 Organoleptography
70(1)
4.2.5 Edible Potential
71(1)
4.2.6 Edible and Medicinal Uses
71(1)
4.2.7 Folk Preparations
71(1)
4.3 Daphne mucronata Royle
72(3)
4.3.1 Systematic Studies
73(1)
4.3.2 Ecology
73(1)
4.3.3 Morphological Description
73(1)
4.3.4 Organoleptography
74(1)
4.3.5 Edible Potential
74(1)
4.3.6 Edible and Medicinal Uses
74(1)
4.3.7 Folk Preparations
74(1)
4.4 Debregeasia salicifolia (D.Don) Rendle
75(4)
4.4.1 Systematic Studies
75(1)
4.4.2 Ecology
76(1)
4.4.3 Morphological Description
76(1)
4.4.4 Organoleptography Studies
77(1)
4.4.5 Ethnobotanical Data
77(1)
4.4.6 Local Uses
77(1)
4.4.7 Medicinal Properties
78(1)
4.4.8 Folk Preparations
78(1)
4.5 Ficus racemosa L.
79(3)
4.5.1 Systematic Studies
79(1)
4.5.2 Ecology
80(1)
4.5.3 Morphological Description
80(1)
4.5.4 Organoleptography
80(1)
4.5.5 Edible Potential
81(1)
4.5.6 Edible and Medicinal Uses
81(1)
4.5.7 Medicinal Properties
81(1)
4.5.8 Folk Preparations
81(1)
4.6 Fragaria nubicola Lindl. ex Lacaita
82(4)
4.6.1 Systematic Studies
83(1)
4.6.2 Ecology
83(1)
4.6.3 Morphological Description
83(1)
4.6.4 Organoleptography
84(1)
4.6.5 Edible Potential
84(1)
4.6.6 Edible and Medicinal Uses
84(1)
4.6.7 Folk Preparations
85(1)
4.7 Myrsine africana L.
86(3)
4.7.1 Systematic Studies
86(1)
4.7.2 Ecology
87(1)
4.7.3 Morphological Description
87(1)
4.7.4 Organoleptography
88(1)
4.7.5 Edible Potential
88(1)
4.7.6 Edible and Medicinal Uses
88(1)
4.7.7 Medicinal Properties
88(1)
4.7.8 Folk Preparations
89(1)
4.8 Oxalis corniculata L.
89(4)
4.8.1 Systematic Studies
90(1)
4.8.2 Ecology
90(1)
4.8.3 Morphological Description
90(1)
4.8.4 Organoleptography
91(1)
4.8.5 Edible Potential
91(1)
4.8.6 Edible and Medicinal Uses
91(1)
4.8.7 Medicinal Properties
92(1)
4.8.8 Folk Preparations
92(1)
4.9 Pistacia integerrima J. L. Stewart ex Brandis
93(3)
4.9.1 Systematic Studies
93(1)
4.9.2 Ecology
94(1)
4.9.3 Morphological Description
94(1)
4.9.4 Organoleptography
95(1)
4.9.5 Edible Potential
95(1)
4.9.6 Edible and Medicinal Uses
95(1)
4.9.7 Folk Preparations
96(1)
4.10 Primus persica (L.) Batsch
96(4)
4.10.1 Systematic Studies
97(1)
4.10.2 Ecology
97(1)
4.10.3 Morphological Description
97(1)
4.10.4 Organoleptography
98(1)
4.10.5 Edible Potential
98(1)
4.10.6 Edible and Medicinal Uses
98(1)
4.10.7 Folk Preparations
99(1)
4.11 Punica granatum L.
100(3)
4.11.1 Systematic Studies
100(1)
4.11.2 Ecology
101(1)
4.11.3 Morphological Description
101(1)
4.11.4 Organoleptography
101(1)
4.11.5 Edible Potential
102(1)
4.11.6 Edible and Medicinal Uses
102(1)
4.11.7 Folk Preparations
102(1)
4.12 Rubus fruticosus L.
103(3)
4.12.1 Systematic Studies
104(1)
4.12.2 Ecology
104(1)
4.12.3 Morphological Description
104(1)
4.12.4 Organoleptography
105(1)
4.12.5 Edible Potential
105(1)
4.12.6 Edible and Medicinal Uses
105(1)
4.12.7 Folk Preparations
106(1)
4.13 Sageretia thea (Osbeck) M. C. Johnst
106(3)
4.13.1 Systematic Studies
107(1)
4.13.2 Ecology
107(1)
4.13.3 Morphological Description
107(1)
4.13.4 Organoleptic Studies
108(1)
4.13.5 Ethnobotanical Data
108(1)
4.13.6 Local Uses
108(1)
4.13.7 Folk Preparations
108(1)
4.14 Solarium nigrum L.
109(3)
4.14.1 Systematic Studies
109(1)
4.14.2 Ecology
110(1)
4.14.3 Morphological Description
110(1)
4.14.4 Organoleptography
111(1)
4.14.5 Edible Potential
111(1)
4.14.6 Edible and Medicinal Uses
111(1)
4.14.7 Folk Preparations
111(1)
4.15 Solanum surattense Burm. f
112(4)
4.15.1 Systematic Studies
113(1)
4.15.2 Ecology
113(1)
4.15.3 Morphological Description
113(1)
4.15.4 Organoleptography
114(1)
4.15.5 Edible Potential
114(1)
4.15.6 Edible and Medicinal
114(1)
4.15.7 Folk Preparations
115(1)
4.16 Viburnum grandiflorum Wall, ex DC
116(3)
4.16.1 Systematic Studies
116(1)
4.16.2 Ecology
117(1)
4.16.3 Morphological Description
117(1)
4.16.4 Organoleptography
117(1)
4.16.5 Edible Potential
118(1)
4.16.6 Edible and Medicinal Uses
118(1)
4.16.7 Folk Preparations
118(1)
4.17 Zanthoxylum armatum DC
119(3)
4.17.1 Systematic Studies
119(1)
4.17.2 Ecology
120(1)
4.17.3 Morphological Description
120(1)
4.17.4 Organoleptography
121(1)
4.17.5 Edible Potential
121(1)
4.17.6 Edible and Medicinal Uses
121(1)
4.17.7 Folk Preparations
121(1)
4.18 Ziziphus sativa Gaertn
122(5)
4.18.1 Systematic Studies
123(1)
4.18.2 Ecology
123(1)
4.18.3 Morphological Description
123(1)
4.18.4 Organoleptography
124(1)
4.18.5 Edible Potential
124(1)
4.18.6 Edible and Medicinal Uses
124(1)
4.18.7 Folk Preparations
125(2)
5 Nutritional Contents and Analysis of Edible Wild Plants
127(8)
5.1 General Benefits of Wild Edible Plants
128(1)
5.2 Role of Edible Wild Plants in Balanced Diet
129(1)
5.3 Nutritional Explorations of Edible Wild Plants
130(1)
5.4 Examples of Nutritional/Medicinal Content of Some Wild Edibles
131(4)
5.4.1 Taro
131(1)
5.4.2 Colocasia
131(1)
5.4.3 Torch Ginger
132(1)
5.4.4 Ivy Gourd: Pak Tamlueng
132(1)
5.4.5 Wood Sorrel
133(2)
6 List of Useful Edible Wild Plants for Daily Use
135(24)
6.1 Wild edible plants study in Bullen District Northwest Ethiopia
135(7)
6.2 Wild edible plants diversity in Nepal (Uprety et al. 2012)
142(8)
6.3 Wild edible plant studies for Takht-e-Sulaiman Hills, Northwest Pakistan
150(9)
7 A Pictorial Guide to Edible Wild Plants
159(16)
8 Conservation Measures and Sustainable Production of Edible Wild Plants
175(6)
8.1 A Historic Outline About Using Wild Edible Plants
175(1)
8.2 A Relationship Between Wild Edible Plants and Current Rural Societies
176(1)
8.3 Challenges in Incorporating the WEPs into Our Diet
177(1)
8.4 Required Initiatives in Regard to Wild Edible Plants
178(3)
Bibliography 181
Dr. Shabnum Shaheen is an Assistant Professor at Lahore College for Women University in Lahore, Pakistan

Dr Mushtaq Ahmad is an Associate Professor in the Department of Plant Sciences at Quaid-I Azam University in Islamabad, Pakistan

Nida Haroon is a PhD scholar at Lahore College for Women University in Lahore, Pakistan