Preface |
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xiii | |
Standards |
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xx | |
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PART I FOUNDATIONS OF TEACHING METHODS |
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1 The Teacher As A Decision Maker |
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1 | (24) |
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2 | (4) |
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Decisions about Basic Teaching Functions |
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2 | (1) |
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Essential Teacher Characteristics |
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3 | (2) |
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Expectations for Effectiveness |
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5 | (1) |
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6 | (3) |
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7 | (1) |
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Principles of Learning and Teaching |
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7 | (1) |
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7 | (1) |
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National Board for Professional Teaching Standards |
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8 | (1) |
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The Teacher As A Reflective Decision Maker |
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9 | (8) |
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9 | (4) |
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Aspects of Instructional Decision Making |
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13 | (1) |
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Reflection and a Constructivist Approach to Teaching |
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13 | (2) |
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Tools for Becoming More Reflective |
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15 | (2) |
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Increasing Student Diversity |
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17 | (8) |
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More English Language Learners |
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19 | (1) |
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Challenges of English Language Learners |
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19 | (1) |
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Teaching English Language Learners in All Classrooms |
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19 | (1) |
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20 | (5) |
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PART II PLANNING INSTRUCTION |
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25 | (32) |
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Implications For Diverse Classrooms |
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26 | (1) |
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Sources Of Student Diversity |
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27 | (12) |
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Developmental Differences by Age |
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27 | (1) |
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27 | (2) |
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29 | (1) |
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30 | (1) |
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30 | (2) |
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32 | (1) |
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33 | (1) |
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34 | (2) |
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36 | (1) |
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37 | (1) |
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38 | (1) |
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38 | (1) |
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Creating An Inclusive, Multicultural Classroom |
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39 | (4) |
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Create a Supportive, Caring Environment |
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39 | (1) |
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Offer a Responsive Curriculum |
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40 | (1) |
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41 | (1) |
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Provide Assistance When Needed |
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42 | (1) |
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Differentiating Instruction |
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43 | (6) |
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Elements of the Curriculum That Can Be Differentiated |
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43 | (3) |
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Student Characteristics That Teachers Can Differentiate |
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46 | (1) |
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Differentiating with the Universal Design for Learning |
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47 | (2) |
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Getting To Know Your Students |
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49 | (2) |
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50 | (1) |
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50 | (1) |
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51 | (1) |
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Contextual Factors To Guide Planning |
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51 | (6) |
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3 The Fundamentals Of Planning |
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57 | (36) |
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58 | (3) |
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58 | (1) |
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Factors Considered in Planning |
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59 | (2) |
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Curriculum Considerations When Planning |
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61 | (8) |
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62 | (4) |
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66 | (1) |
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67 | (2) |
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69 | (8) |
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70 | (1) |
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71 | (2) |
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73 | (1) |
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73 | (1) |
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74 | (2) |
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76 | (1) |
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The Linear-Rational Approach To Planning |
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77 | (5) |
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Formulation of Aims and Goals |
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78 | (1) |
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Specification of Objectives |
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79 | (1) |
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Assessment of Student Needs |
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79 | (1) |
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Strategies and Learning Activities |
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80 | (1) |
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Evaluation of Student Performance |
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81 | (1) |
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Additional Planning Considerations |
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82 | (11) |
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82 | (1) |
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83 | (1) |
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84 | (1) |
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85 | (1) |
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Planning for the Response to Intervention (RTI) |
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86 | (1) |
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Planning to Use Academic Time Wisely |
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87 | (6) |
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4 Planning Lessons And Units |
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93 | (28) |
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Setting Goals And Objectives |
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94 | (5) |
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Converting Standards into Objectives |
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94 | (1) |
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Types of Instructional Objectives |
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95 | (2) |
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Writing Instructional Objectives |
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97 | (2) |
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Objectives Within The Learning Domains |
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99 | (6) |
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100 | (1) |
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100 | (4) |
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104 | (1) |
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105 | (7) |
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Parts of an Effective Lesson |
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105 | (1) |
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106 | (1) |
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Sections of a Lesson Plan Format |
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107 | (4) |
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Additional Lesson Planning Issues |
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111 | (1) |
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112 | (3) |
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Resources and Factors in Unit Planning |
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113 | (1) |
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The Components of a Unit Plan |
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113 | (2) |
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Strategies Leading to Successful Implementation of Unit Plans |
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115 | (1) |
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Applying The Siop Model To Planning |
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115 | (6) |
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115 | (1) |
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116 | (5) |
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PART III SELECTING INSTRUCTIONAL STRATEGIES |
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5 Teacher-Centered Instructional Strategies |
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121 | (24) |
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A Continuum Of Instructional Approaches |
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122 | (5) |
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Teacher-Centered to Student-Centered Approaches |
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122 | (1) |
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Direct and Indirect Instructional Approaches |
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123 | (1) |
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The Gradual Release of Responsibility Model |
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124 | (2) |
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Deductive and Inductive Strategies |
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126 | (1) |
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The Direct Instruction Model |
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127 | (5) |
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Characteristics of Direct Instruction |
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127 | (2) |
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Components of Direct and Explicit Instruction Lessons |
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129 | (3) |
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Instructional Approaches For Direct Instruction |
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132 | (13) |
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132 | (1) |
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133 | (1) |
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134 | (3) |
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137 | (1) |
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138 | (1) |
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138 | (1) |
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Guided Practice and Homework |
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139 | (6) |
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6 Student-Centered Instructional Strategies |
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145 | (24) |
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Selecting Student-Centered Strategies |
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146 | (2) |
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148 | (9) |
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Concept Attainment Approaches |
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148 | (5) |
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Inquiry and Discovery Learning |
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153 | (1) |
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154 | (2) |
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Projects, Reports, and Problems |
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156 | (1) |
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157 | (7) |
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157 | (2) |
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159 | (3) |
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162 | (1) |
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Role Playing, Simulations, and Games |
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163 | (1) |
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164 | (5) |
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Learning Centers or Stations |
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165 | (1) |
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Independent Work and Learning Contracts |
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165 | (4) |
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7 Strategies That Promote Understanding, Thinking, And Engagement |
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169 | (24) |
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Strategies That Promote Student Understanding |
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170 | (13) |
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Identifying Similarities and Differences |
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171 | (1) |
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Summarizing and Note Taking |
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172 | (1) |
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Reinforcing Effort and Providing Recognition |
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173 | (2) |
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175 | (2) |
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Nonlinguistic Representations |
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177 | (2) |
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Setting Objectives and Providing Feedback |
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179 | (2) |
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Generating and Testing Hypotheses |
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181 | (1) |
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Cues, Questions, and Advance Organizers |
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182 | (1) |
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Helping Students Become Better Thinkers |
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183 | (3) |
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Guidance from Teaching Standards |
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184 | (1) |
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Enhancing Critical Thinking |
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185 | (1) |
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Strategies That Promote Student Engagement |
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186 | (2) |
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Applying The Siop Model To Strategies |
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188 | (5) |
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188 | (1) |
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189 | (4) |
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PART IV MANAGING INSTRUCTION AND THE CLASSROOM |
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8 Managing Lesson Delivery |
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193 | (30) |
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Issues Affecting Lesson Delivery |
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194 | (5) |
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Degree of Structure in Lessons |
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194 | (1) |
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Grouping Students for Instruction |
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195 | (2) |
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Holding Students Academically Accountable |
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197 | (2) |
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Managing Parts Of The Lesson |
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199 | (9) |
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199 | (4) |
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203 | (4) |
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207 | (1) |
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208 | (4) |
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Effectively Managing Seatwork |
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209 | (1) |
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Collecting Assignments and Monitoring Their Completion |
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210 | (1) |
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Maintaining Records of Student Work |
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211 | (1) |
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211 | (1) |
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211 | (1) |
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Managing Whole-Group Instruction |
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212 | (4) |
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212 | (1) |
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Managing Movement through the Lesson |
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213 | (1) |
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Maintaining a Group Focus |
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214 | (1) |
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Maintaining Student Attention and Involvement |
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214 | (2) |
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Applying The Siop Model To Lesson Delivery |
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216 | (7) |
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216 | (1) |
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217 | (1) |
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218 | (1) |
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Review and Assessment of Lesson Objectives |
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218 | (5) |
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223 | (32) |
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224 | (4) |
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224 | (2) |
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Principles for Working with Students and Preventing Misbehavior |
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226 | (2) |
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Preparing For The School Year |
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228 | (8) |
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Making Management Preparations |
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228 | (3) |
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Making Instructional Preparations |
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231 | (2) |
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Managing Assessments, Record Keeping, and Reporting |
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233 | (1) |
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Establishing a Plan to Deal with Misbehavior |
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234 | (2) |
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Planning for the First Day |
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236 | (1) |
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Organizing Your Classroom And Materials |
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236 | (3) |
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237 | (1) |
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238 | (1) |
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Bulletin Boards and Wall Space |
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239 | (1) |
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Selecting And Teaching Rules And Procedures |
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239 | (6) |
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240 | (2) |
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242 | (3) |
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Maintaining Appropriate Student Behavior |
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245 | (10) |
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Having a Mental Set for Management |
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245 | (1) |
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Building Positive Teacher-Student Relationships |
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246 | (3) |
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Reinforcing Desired Behaviors |
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249 | (6) |
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255 | (26) |
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256 | (3) |
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256 | (1) |
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256 | (1) |
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257 | (2) |
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259 | (10) |
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261 | (2) |
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263 | (4) |
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267 | (2) |
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269 | (2) |
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269 | (1) |
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Guidelines for Punishment |
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270 | (1) |
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Dealing With Chronic Misbehaviors |
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271 | (4) |
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275 | (6) |
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Characteristics of Bullying |
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275 | (1) |
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276 | (1) |
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276 | (1) |
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277 | (4) |
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PART V ASSESSING AND REPORTING STUDENT PERFORMANCE |
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11 Assessing Student Performance |
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281 | (30) |
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282 | (6) |
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What Is Classroom Assessment? |
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282 | (1) |
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Data-Driven Decision Making |
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283 | (1) |
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Types of Assessments for Decision Making |
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284 | (1) |
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Norm-Referenced and Criterion-Referenced Evaluation |
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285 | (1) |
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Characteristics of Good Assessment Instruments |
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286 | (1) |
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Adapting Assessments for English Language Learners |
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286 | (1) |
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Adapting Assessments for Students with Special Needs |
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287 | (1) |
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Establishing A Framework For Assessment |
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288 | (1) |
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Performance-Based Assessment |
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289 | (5) |
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289 | (2) |
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291 | (1) |
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Ways to Rate Student Products or Performances |
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292 | (2) |
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294 | (10) |
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Planning the Classroom Test |
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294 | (2) |
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Selecting and Preparing Test Questions |
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296 | (6) |
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302 | (1) |
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303 | (1) |
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303 | (1) |
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304 | (7) |
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Types of Achievement Test Scores |
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305 | (1) |
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The Teacher's Role in Standardized Testing |
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305 | (6) |
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12 Grading Systems, Marking, And Reporting |
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311 | (22) |
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312 | (3) |
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312 | (2) |
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Confounding the Achievement Grade |
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314 | (1) |
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315 | (2) |
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315 | (1) |
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316 | (1) |
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316 | (1) |
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316 | (1) |
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316 | (1) |
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317 | (6) |
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Determining What to Include in a Grade |
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317 | (1) |
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Creating a Composite Score |
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317 | (2) |
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Selecting a Frame of Reference for Grading |
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319 | (1) |
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Determining the Distribution of Grades |
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320 | (2) |
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Calculating Semester and Annual Grades |
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322 | (1) |
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323 | (1) |
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323 | (1) |
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323 | (1) |
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324 | (1) |
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324 | (2) |
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324 | (1) |
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325 | (1) |
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326 | (2) |
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327 | (1) |
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327 | (1) |
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General Principles In Grading And Reporting |
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328 | (5) |
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PART VI WORKING WITH OTHERS |
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13 Collaborating With Colleagues And Families |
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333 | (26) |
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334 | (5) |
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334 | (1) |
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335 | (1) |
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336 | (2) |
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Collaboration Skills and Dispositions |
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338 | (1) |
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339 | (5) |
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Reasons for Working with Families |
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340 | (2) |
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Why Some Families Resist Involvement |
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342 | (1) |
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Working through Cultural and Language Differences |
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343 | (1) |
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Contacting And Communicating With Families |
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344 | (15) |
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Ways to Communicate with Families |
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344 | (9) |
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Parent-Teacher Conferences |
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353 | (6) |
References |
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359 | (10) |
Name Index |
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369 | (3) |
Subject Index |
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372 | |