| Preface |
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ix | |
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Section I Thermodynamics Basics (for Advanced Students) |
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Chapter 1 Concepts of thermodynamics: Equilibrium, energy, and irreversibility |
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3 | (22) |
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3 | (1) |
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1.2 EQUILIBRIUM AND TIMELESSNESS |
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4 | (2) |
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6 | (1) |
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1.4 INTERNAL ENERGY: WORK, HEAT, AND BOUNDARIES |
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7 | (4) |
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1.5 EMPIRICAL TEMPERATURE |
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11 | (2) |
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1.6 EQUATION OF STATE FOR GASES |
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13 | (1) |
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1.7 IRREVERSIBILITY: TIME REARS ITS HEAD |
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14 | (2) |
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1.8 CONSTRAINTS AND STATE VARIABLES |
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16 | (1) |
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1.9 THE MANY FACES OF WORK |
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17 | (1) |
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18 | (1) |
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19 | (6) |
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Chapter 2 Second law of thermodynamics: Direction of heat flow |
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25 | (8) |
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2.1 THERMODYNAMICS OF CYCLES: SYSTEM AS A BLACK BOX |
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25 | (1) |
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2.2 CLAUSIUS AND KELVIN STATEMENTS OF THE SECOND LAW |
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26 | (2) |
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2.3 CARNOT THEOREM: UNIQUENESS OF ADIABATS |
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28 | (1) |
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29 | (4) |
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33 | (20) |
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33 | (1) |
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34 | (1) |
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3.3 ENTROPY, IRREVERSIBILITY, AND DISORGANIZATION |
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35 | (3) |
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3.4 OPENING THE BLACK BOX: GIBBSIAN THERMODYNAMICS |
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38 | (1) |
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3.5 CHEMICAL POTENTIAL AND OPEN SYSTEMS |
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39 | (1) |
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3.6 HOMOGENEOUS FUNCTIONS* |
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39 | (1) |
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3.7 EXTENSIVITY OF ENTROPY |
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40 | (2) |
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42 | (1) |
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43 | (1) |
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3.10 STABILITY OF THE EQUILIBRIUM STATE: FLUCTUATIONS |
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43 | (6) |
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3.1 DIRECTION OF FLOW IN THERMODYNAMIC PROCESSES |
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49 | (1) |
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3.12 JACOBIAN DETERMINANTS* |
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49 | (4) |
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Chapter 4 Thermodynamic potentials: The four ways to say energy |
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53 | (14) |
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4.1 CRITERIA FOR EQUILIBRIUM |
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53 | (1) |
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4.2 LEGENDRE TRANSFORMATION* |
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54 | (1) |
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4.3 THE FOUR THERMODYNAMIC POTENTIALS |
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55 | (1) |
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4.4 PHYSICAL INTERPRETATION OF THE POTENTIALS |
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56 | (2) |
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58 | (1) |
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4.6 GIBBS ENERGY CHEMICAL POTENTIAL, AND OTHER WORK |
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58 | (1) |
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4.7 FREE ENERGY AND DISSIPATED ENERGY |
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59 | (1) |
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4.8 HEAT DEATH OF THE UNIVERSE? |
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60 | (2) |
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4.9 FREE EXPANSION AND THROTTLING |
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62 | (5) |
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Chapter 5 "Thermodynamics of radiation |
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67 | (14) |
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5.1 KIRCHHOFF LAW OF THERMAL RADIATION |
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67 | (2) |
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5.2 THERMODYNAMICS OF BLACK-BODY RADIATION |
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69 | (4) |
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5.3 WIEN'S DISPLACEMENT LAW |
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73 | (6) |
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5.4 COSMIC MICROWAVE BACKGROUND |
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79 | (2) |
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Chapter 6 Phase and chemical equilibrium |
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81 | (16) |
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6.1 LAGRANGE MULTIPLIERS* |
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81 | (1) |
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82 | (5) |
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6.3 THERMODYNAMICS OF MIXTURES: IDEAL SOLUTIONS |
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87 | (2) |
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89 | (1) |
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6.5 ELECTROCHEMICAL CELLS |
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90 | (2) |
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6.6 GIBBS-HELMHOLTZ EQUATIONS |
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92 | (5) |
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Chapter 7 Statistical entropy: From micro to macro |
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97 | (24) |
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7.1 ENTROPY AND PROBABILITY |
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97 | (3) |
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7.2 COMBINATORICS: LEARNING TO COUNT* |
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100 | (3) |
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7.3 COARSE-GRAINED DESCRIPTIONS OF A CLASSICAL GAS |
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103 | (5) |
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7.4 SACKUR-TETRODE EQUATION |
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108 | (3) |
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7.5 VOLUME OF A HYPERSPHERE* |
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111 | (1) |
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7.6 LEARNING TO COUNT WITH PHYSICS |
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111 | (2) |
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113 | (2) |
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7.8 SUBTLETIES OF ENTROPY |
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115 | (6) |
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Chapter 8 The third law: You can't get to T = 0 |
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121 | (14) |
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8.1 ADIABATIC DEMAGNETIZATION |
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121 | (3) |
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124 | (1) |
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8.3 OTHER VERSIONS OF THE THIRD LAW |
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125 | (2) |
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8.4 CONSEQUENCES OF THE THIRD LAW |
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127 | (1) |
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8.5 UNATTAINABILITY OF ABSOLUTE ZERO TEMPERATURE |
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127 | (2) |
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8.6 RESIDUAL ENTROPY OF ICE |
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129 | (6) |
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135 | (14) |
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Section II Additional Topics in Thermodynamics |
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Chapter 10 Caratheodory formulation of the second law |
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149 | (14) |
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10.1 INTEGRABILITY CONDITIONS AND THERMODYNAMICS |
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149 | (8) |
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10.2 CARATHEODORY THEOREM |
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157 | (1) |
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10.3 CARATHEODORY'S PRINCIPLE AND THE SECOND LAW |
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158 | (5) |
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Chapter 11 Negative absolute temperature |
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163 | (8) |
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11.1 IS NEGATIVE ABSOLUTE TEMPERATURE POSSIBLE? |
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163 | (3) |
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11.2 NEGATIVE ABSOLUTE IS HOTTER THAN POSITIVE ABSOLUTE |
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166 | (1) |
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11.3 NEGATIVE-TEMPERATURE THERMODYNAMICS |
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167 | (4) |
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Chapter 12 Thermodynamics of information |
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171 | (16) |
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12.1 ENTROPY AS MISSING INFORMATION |
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171 | (1) |
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12.2 MAXWELL'S DEMON: A WAY TO BEAT THE SECOND LAW? |
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172 | (2) |
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12.3 DEMISE OF THE DEMON: FLUCTUATIONS AND INFORMATION |
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174 | (4) |
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12.4 IS ENTROPY INFORMATION? |
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178 | (5) |
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12.5 INFORMATION IS PHYSICAL |
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183 | (4) |
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Chapter 13 Black hole thermodynamics |
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187 | (8) |
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13.1 BLACK HOLES AND THERMODYNAMICS |
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187 | (2) |
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189 | (1) |
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13.3 ENTROPY AND MISSING INFORMATION |
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190 | (2) |
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13.4 LAWS OF BLACK HOLE THERMODYNAMICS |
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192 | (1) |
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13.5 IS GRAVITY THERMODYNAMICS? |
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193 | (2) |
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Chapter 14 Non-equilibrium thermodynamics |
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195 | (14) |
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14.1 NON-EQUILIBRIUM PROCESSES |
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196 | (1) |
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197 | (2) |
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14.3 ENTROPY BALANCE EQUATION |
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199 | (6) |
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14.4 ENTROPY FLOW AND ENTROPY CREATION |
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205 | (1) |
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206 | (3) |
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Chapter 15 Superconductors and superfluids |
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209 | (8) |
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209 | (3) |
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15.2 ROTATING SUPERCONDUCTOR, LONDON MOMENT |
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212 | (1) |
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213 | (2) |
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215 | (2) |
| Epilogue: Where to now? |
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217 | (2) |
| Bibliography |
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219 | (6) |
| Index |
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225 | |