| Preface |
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ix | |
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Section I Thermodynamics Basics (for Advanced Students) |
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Chapter 1 "Concepts of thermodynamics: Equilibrium, energy, and irreversibility |
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3 | (22) |
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3 | (1) |
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1.2 Equilibrium and Timelessness |
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4 | (2) |
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6 | (1) |
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1.4 Internal Energy: Work, Heat, and Boundaries |
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7 | (4) |
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1.5 Empirical Temperature |
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11 | (2) |
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1.6 Equation of State for Gases |
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13 | (1) |
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1.7 Irreversibility: Time Rears Its Head |
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14 | (2) |
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1.8 Constraints and State Variables |
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16 | (1) |
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1.9 The Many Faces of Work |
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17 | (1) |
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18 | (1) |
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19 | (6) |
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Chapter 2 Second law of thermodynamics: Direction of heat flow |
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25 | (8) |
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2.1 Thermodynamics of Cycles: System As A Black Box |
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25 | (1) |
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2.2 Clausius and Kelvin Statements of the Second Law |
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26 | (2) |
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2.3 Carnot Theorem: Uniqueness of Adiabats |
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28 | (1) |
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29 | (4) |
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33 | (20) |
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33 | (1) |
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34 | (1) |
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3.3 Entropy, Irreversibility, and Disorganization |
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35 | (3) |
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3.4 Opening the Black Box: Gibbsian Thermodynamics |
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38 | (1) |
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3.5 Chemical Potential and Open Systems |
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39 | (1) |
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3.6 Homogeneous Functions* |
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39 | (1) |
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3.7 Extensivity of Entropy |
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40 | (2) |
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42 | (1) |
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43 | (1) |
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3.10 Stability of the Equilibrium State: Fluctuations |
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43 | (6) |
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3.11 Direction of Flow In Thermodynamic Processes |
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49 | (1) |
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3.12 Jacobian Determinants* |
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49 | (4) |
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Chapter 4 Thermodynamic potentials: The four ways to say energy |
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53 | (14) |
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4.1 Criteria for Equilibrium |
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53 | (1) |
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4.2 Legendre Transformation* |
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54 | (1) |
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4.3 The Four Thermodynamic Potentials |
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55 | (1) |
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4.4 Physical Interpretation of the Potentials |
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56 | (2) |
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58 | (1) |
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4.6 Gibbs Energy Chemical Potential, and Other Work |
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58 | (1) |
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4.7 Free Energy and Dissipated Energy |
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59 | (1) |
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4.8 Heat Death of the Universe? |
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60 | (2) |
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4.9 Free Expansion and Throttling |
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62 | (5) |
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Chapter 5 Thermodynamics of Radiation |
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67 | (14) |
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5.1 Kirchhoff Law of Thermal Radiation |
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67 | (2) |
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5.2 Thermodynamics of Black-Body Radiation |
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69 | (4) |
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5.3 Wien's Displacement Law |
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73 | (6) |
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5.4 Cosmic Microwave Background |
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79 | (2) |
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Chapter 6 Phase and Chemical Equilibrium |
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81 | (16) |
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6.1 Lagrange Multipliers* |
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81 | (1) |
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82 | (5) |
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6.3 Thermodynamics of Mixtures: Ideal Solutions |
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87 | (2) |
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89 | (1) |
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6.5 Electrochemical Cells |
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90 | (2) |
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6.6 Gibbs-Helmholtz Equations |
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92 | (5) |
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Chapter 7 Statistical Entropy: From Micro to Macro |
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97 | (24) |
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7.1 Entropy and Probability |
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97 | (3) |
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7.2 Combinatorics: Learning To Count* |
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100 | (3) |
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7.3 Coarse-Grained Descriptions of A Classical Gas |
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103 | (5) |
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7.4 Sackur-Tetrode Equation |
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108 | (3) |
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7.5 Volume of A Hypersphere* |
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111 | (1) |
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7.6 Learning To Count With Physics |
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111 | (2) |
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113 | (2) |
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7.8 Subtleties of Entropy |
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115 | (6) |
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Chapter 8 The Third Law: You Can't Get To T = 0 |
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121 | (14) |
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8.1 Adiabatic Demagnetization |
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121 | (3) |
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124 | (1) |
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8.3 Other Versions of the Third Law |
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125 | (2) |
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8.4 Consequences of the Third Law |
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127 | (1) |
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8.5 Unattainability of Absolute Zero Temperature |
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127 | (2) |
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8.6 Residual Entropy of Ice |
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129 | (6) |
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135 | (14) |
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Section II Additional Topics In Thermodynamics |
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Chapter 10 Caratheodory Formulation of the Second Law |
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149 | (14) |
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10.1 Integrability Conditions and Thermodynamics |
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149 | (8) |
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10.2 Caratheodory Theorem |
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157 | (1) |
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10.3 Caratheodory's Principle and the Second Law |
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158 | (5) |
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Chapter 11 Negative Absolute Temperature |
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163 | (8) |
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11.1 Is Negative Absolute Temperature Possible? |
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163 | (3) |
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11.2 Negative Absolute Is Hotter Than Positive Absolute |
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166 | (1) |
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11.3 Negative-Temperature Thermodynamics |
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167 | (4) |
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Chapter 12 Thermodynamics of Information |
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171 | (16) |
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12.1 Entropy As Missing Information |
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171 | (1) |
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12.2 Maxwell's Demon: A Way To Beat the Second Law? |
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172 | (2) |
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12.3 Demise of the Demon: Fluctuations and Information |
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174 | (4) |
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12.4 Is Entropy Information? |
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178 | (5) |
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12.5 Information Is Physical |
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183 | (4) |
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Chapter 13 Black Hole Thermodynamics |
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187 | (8) |
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13.1 Black Holes and Thermodynamics |
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187 | (2) |
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189 | (1) |
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13.3 Entropy and Missing Information |
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190 | (2) |
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13.4 Laws of Black Hole Thermodynamics |
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192 | (1) |
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13.5 Is Gravity Thermodynamics? |
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193 | (2) |
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Chapter 14 Non-Equilibrium Thermodynamics |
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195 | (14) |
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14.1 Non-Equilibrium Processes |
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196 | (1) |
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197 | (2) |
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14.3 Entropy Balance Equation |
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199 | (6) |
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14.4 Entropy Flow and Entropy Creation |
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205 | (1) |
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206 | (3) |
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Chapter 15 Superconductors and Superfluids |
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209 | (8) |
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209 | (3) |
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15.2 Rotating Superconductor, London Moment |
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212 | (1) |
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213 | (2) |
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215 | (2) |
| Epilogue: Where To Now? |
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217 | (2) |
| Bibliography |
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219 | (6) |
| Index |
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225 | |