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E-book: Intonation Units Revisited: Cesuras in talk-in-interaction

(University of Potsdam)
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Intonation units have been notoriously difficult to identify in natural talk. Problems include fuzzy boundaries, lack of exhaustivity, and the potential circularity involved when studying their interface with other language-organizational dimensions. This volume advocates a way to resolve such problems: the ‘cesura’ approach. Cesuras, or breaks in the flow of talk, are created by discontinuities in the prosodic-phonetic parameters of speech that cluster to various extents at certain points in time. Using conversation-analytic and interactional-linguistic methodology, the volume identifies the parameters creating cesuras in talk-in-interaction and proposes ways to notate them depending on the researcher’s goal. It also offers a way to study the role of cesuras at the prosody-syntax interface non-circularly, which leads to new insights concerning language variation and change. The volume will thus be of major import to anyone working with natural spoken language, its chunks, its various dimensions, and its variation and change.
List of Tables
ix
List of Figures
xi
List of Abbreviations
xv
Acknowledgements xvii
Chapter 1 Introduction
1(12)
1.1 Prosodic-phonetic chunking in talk-in-interaction
2(1)
1.2 Linguistic modeling of prosodic-phonetic chunking: Units
3(1)
1.3 A practical problem: Fuzzy boundaries
4(4)
1.4 Solutions to fuzzy-boundary issues so far
8(1)
1.5 The cesura approach
9(4)
Chapter 2 Previous approaches to prosodic-phonetic structuring
13(46)
2.1 The unit approach
14(38)
2.1.1 Monologue-oriented approaches
14(1)
2.1.1.1 The British School and related approaches
14(6)
2.1.1.2 Bolinger's configurational approach
20(1)
2.1.1.3 The American structuralist approach
21(2)
2.1.1.4 Acoustic approaches
23(7)
2.1.1.5 Summary: Monologue-oriented approaches and units
30(1)
2.1.2 Interaction-oriented approaches
31(1)
2.1.2.1 Conversation Analysis
31(3)
2.1.2.2 Interactional Sociolinguistics
34(1)
2.1.2.3 Discourse-Functional Linguistics
35(5)
2.1.2.4 Interactional Linguistics
40(6)
2.1.2.5 The York Phonology/Phonetics for Conversation approach
46(3)
2.1.2.6 Summary: Interaction-oriented approaches and units
49(1)
2.1.3 Summary
49(3)
2.2 The boundary approach
52(7)
2.2.1 First attempts
52(2)
2.2.2 An interactional approach
54(5)
Chapter 3 The cesura approach
59(26)
3.1 The concept of cesuras
59(7)
3.1.1 From projection and Gestalt endings to cesuras
59(2)
3.1.2 The greater granularity of cesuras
61(3)
3.1.3 Refining the degree of prosodic-phonetic cesuring
64(2)
3.2 Notating cesuras
66(16)
3.2.1 Notation systems available
66(5)
3.2.2 A notation system for cesuras
71(1)
3.2.2.1 Minimal transcription of prosodic-phonetic cesuras
71(2)
3.2.2.2 Basic transcription of prosodic-phonetic cesuras
73(1)
3.2.2.3 Fine transcription of prosodic-phonetic cesuras
74(1)
3.2.2.4 Notation of prosodic-phonetic cesural areas
75(1)
3.2.2.5 Notating prosodic-phonetic cesuras and cesural areas in a parametric grid
76(6)
3.3 Summary
82(3)
Chapter 4 Studying cesuring in talk: Methodological considerations
85(8)
4.1 General methodological considerations
85(1)
4.2 Data
86(1)
4.3 Methods employed in this book
87(4)
4.4 Summary
91(2)
Chapter 5 The prosodic-phonetic parameters of cesuring
93(86)
5.1 A starting point: Participant incomings
93(5)
5.2 Prosodic-phonetic parameters at incomings
98(71)
5.2.1 Previous findings
98(2)
5.2.2 Initial observations
100(1)
5.2.2.1 Smooth incomings
100(7)
5.2.2.2 Prosodic-phonetic cesuring parameters with smooth incomings
107(16)
5.2.3 Extending the collection of smooth incomings
123(1)
5.2.3.1 Data and method
123(4)
5.2.3.2 Results
127(4)
5.2.4 Beyond smooth incomings
131(1)
5.2.4.1 Rhythmically non-integrated incomings
132(18)
5.2.4.2 Regular employment of the parameter set and deviant cases
150(16)
5.2.5 Prosodic-phonetic structuring and syntactic completion
166(1)
5.2.6 Conclusions: Parameter changes at incomings
167(2)
5.3 From parameters at incomings to cesuring parameters
169(2)
5.4 Variability in the cesuring clusters -- a key for research
171(5)
5.5 Conclusions: Cesuring parameters in talk-in-interaction
176(3)
Chapter 6 Cesuras in response organization and the syntax-prosody interface
179(40)
6.1 Cesuras and the organization of responding to multi-unit turns
179(31)
6.1.1 Responding to multi-unit turns
179(1)
6.1.2 Previous research
179(2)
6.1.3 The "turn-likeness" of incomings
181(5)
6.1.4 Determining cesural strength
186(1)
6.1.5 Evidence for the hypothesis
187(18)
6.1.6 Conclusions and caveats
205(5)
6.2 Cesuras and semantic-syntactic unit boundaries
210(7)
6.2.1 Problems of previous approaches
210(2)
6.2.2 Cesuras -- a key to the syntax/semantics-prosody interface
212(1)
6.2.3 The correlation of prosodic-phonetic cesuras and semantic-syntactic structure: Some observations
213(4)
6.3 Summary
217(2)
Chapter 7 Cesuras at work in language variation and change
219(40)
7.1 And
219(2)
7.2 The emergence of final And in AE
221(19)
7.2.1 Previous studies on And and final particles
221(2)
7.2.2 Data and Methods
223(2)
7.2.3 Positional and functional variation with And in AE
225(5)
7.2.4 The emergence of a final particle
230(2)
7.2.4.1 Interactional contingencies which stop the flow of talk
232(3)
7.2.4.2 Specific position of the cesura introduced
235(1)
7.2.4.3 Cesuring strength constellation
235(3)
7.2.4.4 The sedimentation of dangling And
238(1)
7.2.5 Summary
239(1)
7.3 The emergence of hendiadic constructions
240(16)
7.3.1 Previous findings
240(4)
7.3.2 VP conjunction and the emergence of hendiadys in the cesura approach
244(1)
7.3.2.1 Investigating VP conjunction with the cesura approach
244(3)
7.3.2.2 Explaining the emergence of hendiadic constructions with the cesura approach
247(3)
7.3.2.3 Further implications
250(6)
7.4 Summary and outlook
256(3)
Chapter 8 Conclusions
259(12)
8.1 Main assumptions and results presented in this book
259(7)
8.2 Advantages of the cesura approach
266(1)
8.3 Some wider implications
267(2)
8.4 Issues for further research
269(2)
References 271(32)
Appendix 303(10)
Index of subjects and selected authors 313
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