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E-book: Introduction to Cluster Dynamics

(Université Paul Sabatier, Toulouse, France), (University of Erlangen, Germany)
  • Format: PDF+DRM
  • Pub. Date: 11-Jul-2008
  • Publisher: Blackwell Verlag GmbH
  • Language: eng
  • ISBN-13: 9783527621019
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Introduction to Cluster DynamicsLarger Image
  • Format: PDF+DRM
  • Pub. Date: 11-Jul-2008
  • Publisher: Blackwell Verlag GmbH
  • Language: eng
  • ISBN-13: 9783527621019
Other books in subject:

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Clusters as mesoscopic particles represent an intermediate state of matter between single atoms and solid material. The tendency to miniaturise technical objects requires knowledge about systems which contain a "small" number of atoms or molecules only. This is all the more true for dynamical aspects, particularly in relation to the qick development of laser technology and femtosecond spectroscopy.
Here, for the first time is a highly qualitative introduction to cluster physics. With its emphasis on cluster dynamics, this will be vital to everyone involved in this interdisciplinary subject. The authors cover the dynamics of clusters on a broad level, including recent developments of femtosecond laser spectroscopy on the one hand and time-dependent density functional theory calculations on the other.

Reviews

"...the book can be recommended for all beginners and researchers in the world of clusters and their dynamics, as an excellent combination of smooth entry and broad overview." Bernd Hartke, Institut für Physikalische Chemie, Universität Kiel Angewandte Chemie + IE 2004 - 116 / 24



"A competent concept combined with an interesting style and numerous helpful figures makes this book a pleasure to read. ... "Introduction to Cluster Dynamics" has certainly the potential to become a classical source for the education of graduate and PhD students providing teachers with a consistent and compact curriculum as well as giving the freshmen a quick access to the basic ideas and relevant literature." Dr. Michael Moseler, Fraunhofer Institut für Werkstoffmechanik, Freiburg, ChemPhysChem, 2004 "...ist dieses Buch allen Anfängern und Forschern in der "Welt der Cluster" und ihrer Dynamik als eine hervorragende Kombination von sanftem Einstieg und umfassender Übersicht sehr zu empfehlen."

Bernd Hartke, Institut für Physikalische Chemie, Universität Kiel Angewandte Chemie + IE 2004 - 116 / 24

"...das Buch ist interessant geschrieben, mit vielen hilfreichen Abbildungen? Es eignet sich mit seinen zahlreichen Literaturhinweisen, den kompetenten und verständlichen theoretischen Ansätzen und numerischen Tipps gleichermaßen für fortgeschritten Studierende wie für Doktoranden." Karl-Heiz Meiwes-Broer Physik Journal

Preface vii
About clusters
1(38)
Atoms, molecules and solids
4(18)
Atoms
4(5)
Molecules
9(8)
The point of view of solid state physics
17(5)
Clusters between atom and bulk
22(8)
Clusters as scalable finite objects
23(3)
Varying cluster material
26(4)
Metal clusters
30(8)
Some specific properties
30(1)
On time scales
31(2)
Optical properties
33(5)
Conclusion
38(1)
From clusters to numbers: experimental aspects
39(40)
Production of clusters
40(10)
Cluster production in supersonic jets: a telling example
41(4)
More cluster sources
45(2)
Which clusters for which physics
47(3)
Basic experimental tools
50(10)
Mass spectrometers
50(6)
Optical spectroscopy
56(3)
Photoelectron spectroscopy
59(1)
Examples of measurements
60(16)
Abundances
61(1)
Ionization potentials
62(2)
Static polarizabilities
64(1)
Optical response
65(2)
Vibrational spectra
67(1)
Conductivity
67(2)
Magnetic moments
69(2)
Photoelectron spectroscopy
71(2)
Heat capacity
73(1)
Dissociation energies
74(1)
Limit of stability
75(1)
Femtosecond spectroscopy
76(1)
Conclusion
76(3)
The cluster many-body problem: a theoretical perspective
79(54)
Ions and electrons
80(4)
An example of true cluster dynamics
80(1)
The full many-body problem
81(1)
Approximations for the ions as such
82(2)
Approximation chain for the ion--electron coupling
84(12)
Core and valence electrons
84(2)
Pseudo-potentials
86(6)
Jellium approach to the ionic background
92(4)
Approximation chain for electrons
96(19)
Exact calculations
96(1)
Ab initio approaches
97(3)
Density-functional theory
100(8)
Phenomenological electronic shell models
108(2)
Semiclassical approaches
110(5)
Putting things together
115(15)
Coupled ionic and electronic dynamics
115(1)
Born-Oppenheimer MD
116(4)
Structure optimization
120(3)
Modeling interfaces
123(2)
Approaches eliminating the electrons
125(5)
Conclusions
130(3)
Gross properties and trends
133(46)
Observables
134(10)
Excitation mechanisms
134(4)
Energies
138(1)
Shapes
138(2)
Emission
140(1)
Polarizability
141(1)
Conductivity
141(1)
Spectral analysis
142(2)
Structure
144(9)
Shells
145(5)
Shapes
150(3)
Optical response
153(18)
Mie plasmon, basic trends
155(2)
Basic features of the plasmon resonance
157(3)
Effects of deformation
160(3)
Other materials
163(2)
Widths
165(6)
Metal clusters and nuclei
171(6)
Bulk properties
171(1)
Shell effects
172(3)
Collective response
175(1)
Fission
175(1)
Cluster versus nuclear time scales
176(1)
Conclusions
177(2)
New frontiers in cluster dynamics
179(68)
Structure
182(8)
Fractal growth
183(1)
He droplets
184(1)
Heat capacity
185(2)
Static polarizability
187(2)
Magnetic properties
189(1)
Observables from linear response
190(11)
Optical absorption
190(6)
Beyond dipole modes
196(3)
Photoelectron spectroscopy
199(2)
Laser excitations in the semi-linear regime
201(25)
Electron emission
201(9)
Shaping clusters
210(2)
Ionic effects in laser pulses of varied length
212(5)
Pump and probe analysis
217(9)
Excitation by particle impact
226(9)
Stability of clusters
226(3)
Collisions with ions
229(3)
Collisions with neutral atoms
232(2)
Electron scattering
234(1)
Strongly non-linear laser processes
235(9)
Signals from exploding clusters
237(3)
Modeling exploding clusters
240(3)
Nuclear reactions
243(1)
Conclusion
244(3)
Concluding remarks
247(50)
Appendix
A Conventions of notations, symbols, units, acronyms
251(8)
A.1 Units
251(1)
A.2 Notations
252(3)
A.3 Acronyms
255(2)
A.4 A few reference books on cluster physics and related domains
257(2)
B Gross properties of atoms and solids
259(8)
B.1 The periodic table of elements
259(2)
B.2 Atomic trends
261(2)
B.3 Electronic structure of atoms
263(3)
B.4 Properties of bulk material
266(1)
C Some details on basic techniques from molecular physics and quantum chemistry
267(4)
C.1 The Born-Oppenheimer approximation
267(1)
C.2 Ab initio methods for the electronic problem
268(1)
C.2.1 Hartree Fock as a starting point
268(1)
C.2.2 Beyond HF: CI and MCHF/MCSCF
269(2)
D More on pseudo-potentials
271(4)
D.1 Construction of norm conserving pseudo-potentials
271(1)
D.2 Ultra soft pseudo-potentials
272(1)
D.3 Examples of simple local pseudo-potentials
273(2)
E More on density functional theory
275(6)
E.1 Kohn-Sham equations with spin densities
275(1)
E.2 Gradient corrections in LDA
276(1)
E.3 Self interaction correction
277(2)
E.4 Time-dependent LDA and beyond
279(2)
F Fermi gas model and semi-classics
281(6)
F.1 The Fermi gas
281(1)
F.2 Infinite electron gas at Hartree-Fock level
281(1)
F.3 The Thomas-Fermi approach
282(1)
F.4 Details of the nano-plasma model
283(4)
G Linearized TDLDA and related approaches
287(4)
G.1 The linearized equations
287(2)
G.2 Sum rule approximation
289(2)
H Numerical considerations
291(6)
H.1 Representation of electron wavefunctions and densities
291(1)
H.2 Iteration and propagation schemes
292(1)
H.2.1 Electronic ground state
292(1)
H.2.2 Dynamics
292(1)
H.3 Details on simulated annealing
293(1)
H.4 The test-particle method for Vlasov-LDA and VUU
294(2)
H.5 On the solution of the TDTF equation
296(1)
Bibliography 297(18)
Index 315
Paul-Gerhard Reinhard has been professor for Theoretical Physics at the Friedrich-Alexander university Erlangen/Nürnberg since 1983. He received his PhD in 1970 at the Johann-Wolfgang-Goethe university Frankfurt. His post-doctoral studies brought him to Erlangen, Oxford, and Mainz. He obtained his Habilitation in 1977 at the Johannes-Gutenberg university in Mainz. He was fellow of the Heisenberg program in the years 1978-1983. His present research interests cover cluster physics, nuclear structure physics and plasma physics. Eric Suraud has been professor for Theoretical Physics at the Paul-Sabatier university in Toulouse, France, since 1992. He received his PhD in 1984 at the Paris university and his Habilitation in 1989 at the Grenoble university. He was junior member of Institut Universitaire de France in 1994-1999. He is presently director of the Institute de Recherche sur les Systemes Atomiques et Moleculaires Complexes in Toulouse and Vice Director of Institut de Physique Nucléaire et des Particules at CNRS in Paris. His present research interests mostly cover cluster physics and nuclear dynamics.

 
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