| Contributors |
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xiii | |
| Acknowledgments |
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xvii | |
| Part I: Overview and Mechanisms |
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1 Cardiovascular Diseases, Obesity, and lifestyle Changes |
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Obesity and Cardiovascular Diseases |
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3 | (1) |
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4 | (1) |
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Biophysical Properties of the Arterial System |
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5 | (1) |
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Distribution and Correlates of Major CVD Risk Factors in Obese African Americans |
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5 | (1) |
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Ambulatory Blood Pressure Monitoring |
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6 | (1) |
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Diet and Physical Activity Intervention |
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7 | (1) |
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8 | (1) |
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8 | (2) |
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10 | (1) |
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2 Public Knowledge of Cardiovascular Risk Numbers: Contextual Factors Affecting Knowledge and Health Behavior, and the Impact of Public Health Campaigns |
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11 | (1) |
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Conceptual Significance of the Health Belief Model |
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11 | (1) |
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Purpose of the Present
Chapter |
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12 | (1) |
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Knowledge of Target Numbers and Personal Levels for CVD Risk Indicators |
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12 | (3) |
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12 | (1) |
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13 | (1) |
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14 | (1) |
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14 | (1) |
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Interventions Targeting Awareness of CVD Risk Factors |
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15 | (2) |
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Effectiveness of Interventions |
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15 | (1) |
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Other Potential Strategies and Venues for Addressing Awareness of Risk Numbers |
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16 | (1) |
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17 | (1) |
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17 | (1) |
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18 | (4) |
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3 Extension of Peer Support from Diabetes Management to Cardiovascular Disease Prevention and Management in Primary Care and Community Settings in Anhui Province, China |
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Background on Peer Support |
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22 | (1) |
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Formative Evaluation and Lessons for Implementation |
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23 | (1) |
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23 | (1) |
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Peer Leader Selection and Training |
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23 | (1) |
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PLSP Meetings and Activities |
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23 | (2) |
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Peers Link the Residential and Clinical and Promote Informal Mutual Support |
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25 | (1) |
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Variable Implementation Across CHSCs |
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25 | (1) |
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Evaluation of Effectiveness |
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26 | (1) |
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Qualitative Evaluation: Advantages, Disadvantages, and Barriers to Implementation |
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27 | (1) |
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Cultural Influences on Support Within the PLSP |
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28 | (1) |
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28 | (1) |
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28 | (1) |
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Importance of Organizational Support |
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29 | (1) |
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Sustainability, Adoption, and Extension to Cardiovascular Disease |
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29 | (1) |
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Adaptation of CVD Prevention Program |
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29 | (1) |
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Lifestyle Intervention and Peer-Led Group Activities |
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30 | (1) |
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Roles and Contributions of Peer Group Leader |
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30 | (1) |
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Evaluation lifestyle Education and Intervention Sessions |
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30 | (1) |
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Program Acceptability by Health Professionals and Program Participants |
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31 | (1) |
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Reflections, Conclusions, and Future Directions |
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31 | (1) |
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Standardization and Adaptability |
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32 | (1) |
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32 | (3) |
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4 Heart Health and Children |
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35 | (4) |
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36 | (1) |
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36 | (1) |
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37 | (1) |
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37 | (1) |
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38 | (1) |
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38 | (1) |
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39 | (1) |
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Prevention, Screening, and Treatment of CVD in Children and Adolescents |
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39 | (2) |
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Prevention: Smoke Exposure |
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39 | (1) |
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39 | (1) |
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Prevention: Physical Activity and Inactivity |
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40 | (1) |
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Screening and Treatment in Primary Care |
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40 | (1) |
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The Role of Caregivers and Families |
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41 | (1) |
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42 | (1) |
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42 | (4) |
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46 | (1) |
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5 Lifestyle Factors and the Impact on Lifetime Incidence and Mortality of Coronary Heart Disease |
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47 | (1) |
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Short-Term Follow-Up Studies |
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48 | (7) |
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Lifetime Effects of Lifestyle and Effects in Very Elderly People |
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55 | (3) |
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58 | (1) |
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59 | (6) |
| Part II: Exercise and Physical Activity |
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6 Expanding the Clinical Classification of Heart Failure: Inclusion of Cardiac Function During Exercise |
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65 | (2) |
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Moving Beyond the Clinical Classification of Heart Failure at Rest: Does Heart Failure With Reduced or Preserved Ejection Fraction Matter? |
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67 | (1) |
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Traditional Classifying Models |
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67 | (1) |
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Measurement Techniques for Cardiac Pumping Capability During Exercise in Heart Failure |
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68 | (3) |
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68 | (1) |
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69 | (2) |
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Heart Failure Classification: Basic and Advanced Measures of Cardiac Pumping Capability During Exercise |
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71 | (6) |
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The Traditional Cardiac Pumping Capability Model in Heart Failure |
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71 | (3) |
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The Advanced Cardiac Pumping Capability Model in Heart Failure |
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74 | (3) |
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Impaired Cardiac Pumping Capability is Exacerbated by Interactions With Non Cardiac-Centric Factors in Heart Failure |
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77 | (1) |
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77 | (1) |
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78 | (1) |
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78 | (9) |
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7 Exercise-Based Cardiovascular Therapeutics: From Cellular to Molecular Mechanisms |
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87 | (1) |
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87 | (1) |
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Cardiovascular Adaptions to Exercise |
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87 | (1) |
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Cardiomyocyte Hypertrophy and Renewal |
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87 | (1) |
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Protection of Cardiomyocyte Apoptosis and Necrosis |
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88 | (1) |
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88 | (1) |
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The Underlying Mechanism of Exercise-Induced Cardiac Growth |
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88 | (2) |
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The IGF-1-PI3K(p110alpha)-AKT Pathway |
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88 | (1) |
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89 | (1) |
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NRG1-ErbB4-C/EBPbeta Pathway |
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89 | (1) |
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Nitric Oxide (NO) Signaling |
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89 | (1) |
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90 | (1) |
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Exercise-Based Protection for Cardiovascular Disease |
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90 | (2) |
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90 | (1) |
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Myocardial Ischemia-Reperfusion Injury (I/R) |
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91 | (1) |
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91 | (1) |
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Cardiomyopathy (Diabetic Cardiomyopathy, Dilated Cardiomyopathy, Cardiac Fibrosis) |
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92 | (1) |
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92 | (1) |
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93 | (1) |
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93 | (6) |
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8 Exercise, Fitness, and Cancer Outcomes |
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99 | (1) |
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Exercise and Future Cancer Risk |
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99 | (3) |
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Hypothesized Mechanisms of Preventive Effect of Exercise on Cancer |
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102 | (1) |
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102 | (1) |
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102 | (1) |
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103 | (1) |
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103 | (1) |
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Obesity and the Risk of Developing Cancer |
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103 | (1) |
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103 | (1) |
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Weight Gain During or After Chemotherapy and Its Effects |
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104 | (2) |
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Exercise During Chemotherapy |
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106 | (2) |
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106 | (1) |
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Exercise and Quality of life |
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106 | (1) |
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Impact on Aerobic Capacity |
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107 | (1) |
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107 | (1) |
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Exercise, Prognosis, Recurrence and Mortality |
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108 | (1) |
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108 | (1) |
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Suggested Areas for Future Research |
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109 | (1) |
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109 | (6) |
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9 Exercise Prescription for Hypertension: New Advances for Optimizing Blood Pressure Benefits |
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115 | (1) |
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Hypertension is a Major Public Health Problem |
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115 | (1) |
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Antihypertensive Effects of Exercise |
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115 | (1) |
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Key Terminology and Basic Concepts |
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116 | (3) |
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116 | (1) |
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116 | (1) |
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116 | (1) |
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The Blood Pressure Response to Acute and Chronic Exercise |
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116 | (2) |
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Exercise Prescription (Ex Rx) |
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118 | (1) |
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119 | (1) |
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Systematic Review Methods |
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119 | (1) |
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Aerobic Exercise and Blood Pressure Effects |
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119 | (3) |
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Acute, Immediate, or Short-Term Effects or Postexercise Hypotension |
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119 | (2) |
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Chronic, Training, or Long-Term Effects |
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121 | (1) |
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Dynamic Resistance Exercise and Blood Pressure Effects |
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122 | (2) |
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Acute, Immediate, or Short-Term Effects or Postexercise Hypotension |
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122 | (1) |
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Chronic, Training, or Long-Term Effects |
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123 | (1) |
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Concurrent Exercise and Blood Pressure Effects |
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124 | (2) |
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Acute, Immediate, or Short-Term Effects or Postexercise Hypotension |
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124 | (1) |
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Chronic, Training, or Long-Term Effects |
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125 | (1) |
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The Interactive Effects of Exercise and Antihypertensive Medications on Resting Blood Pressure |
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126 | (1) |
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Clinical Implications and New Advances in Exercise Prescription for Optimizing Blood Pressure Benefits |
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127 | (2) |
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Gaps in the Literature and Future Research Needs in the Exercise Prescription for Hypertension |
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129 | (1) |
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130 | (1) |
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130 | (1) |
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131 | (6) |
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10 Exercise and Cardiovascular Disease: Emphasis on Efficacy, Dosing, and Adverse Effects and Toxicity |
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137 | (1) |
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137 | (1) |
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138 | (5) |
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143 | (5) |
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Effects on CV Structure and Function |
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143 | (1) |
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143 | (2) |
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Impact of EEE on Risk of AF |
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145 | (1) |
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146 | (1) |
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147 | (1) |
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148 | (1) |
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148 | (5) |
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11 The Effect of Exercise Training in Systolic and Diastolic Function |
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153 | (1) |
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Cardiovascular Response to Exercise Training in Healthy Individuals |
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153 | (3) |
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Brief Exercise Physiology |
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153 | (1) |
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Cardiovascular Effects of Different Types and Intensity of Exercise |
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154 | (1) |
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Chronic Effects of Exercise Training in the Cardiovascular System: From Molecular Mechanisms to "Whole-Pump" Effects |
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155 | (1) |
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Deleterious Effects of Exercise Training on the Cardiovascular System |
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155 | (1) |
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Exercise Training After Acute Myocardial Infarction |
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156 | (2) |
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The Effect of Exercise Training on Systolic Function |
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156 | (1) |
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The Effect of Exercise Training on Diastolic Function |
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157 | (1) |
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The Effect of Exercise Training on Functional Capacity |
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157 | (1) |
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Exercise Training as Part of an Integrated Cardiac Rehabilitation Program |
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157 | (1) |
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Exercise Training in Patients With Heart Failure |
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158 | (1) |
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Effects of Exercise Training in Patients With HFrEF |
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158 | (1) |
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Effects of Exercise Training in Patients With HFpEF |
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159 | (1) |
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The Effects of Cardiac Rehabilitation in Heart Failure |
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159 | (1) |
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159 | (1) |
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159 | (4) |
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12 Lifestyle and Heart Diseases in Choice Experiments |
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163 | (1) |
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163 | (1) |
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164 | (1) |
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Choice Experiments on lifestyle Interventions |
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164 | (7) |
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164 | (3) |
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167 | (1) |
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168 | (3) |
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171 | (1) |
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171 | (2) |
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173 | (2) |
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13 Lost in Translation: What Does the Physical Activity and Health Evidence Actually Tell Us? |
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175 | (1) |
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Shape of the Dose Response Curve: Does it Matter? |
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175 | (3) |
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Health-Related Physical Fitness vs. Physical Activity |
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178 | (2) |
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International Messaging and Knowledge Translation |
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180 | (2) |
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Why Does This Knowledge Translation Error Exist and What are the Effects? |
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182 | (1) |
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183 | (1) |
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183 | (1) |
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183 | (1) |
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183 | (4) |
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14 Community-Based Maintenance Cardiac Rehabilitation |
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Cardiac Rehabilitation Overview |
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187 | (1) |
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187 | (1) |
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187 | (1) |
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187 | (1) |
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188 | (1) |
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The Need for Community-Based Maintenance Programs |
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188 | (1) |
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Community-Based Maintenance Cardiac Rehabilitation |
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188 | (1) |
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188 | (1) |
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188 | (1) |
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189 | (1) |
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190 | (1) |
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190 | (1) |
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190 | (1) |
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Cultural Aspects of CR: Insights From New Zealand |
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190 | (1) |
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191 | (1) |
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Examples of Community-Based Maintenance CR Programs |
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192 | (3) |
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Community-Led Cardiac Rehabilitation "Clubs" |
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192 | (1) |
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Take H.E.A.R.T. Program New Brunswick, Canada |
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192 | (2) |
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Heart Guide Aotearoa in New Zealand |
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194 | (1) |
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The University of Auckland Health and Performance Clinic, New Zealand |
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194 | (1) |
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Recommendations for Setting up Community-Based CR Programs |
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195 | (1) |
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195 | (1) |
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196 | (1) |
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196 | (3) |
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15 Determinants of Exercise Ventilatory Inefficiency in Heart Failure With Reduced or Preserved Ejection Fraction: Application of Classical and Emerging Integrative Physiology Concepts |
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199 | (1) |
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Fundamentals of Ventilation: Toward an Improved Understanding of Ventilatory (In) Efficiency in Heart Failure |
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200 | (1) |
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Physiologic Dead Space or Arterial Carbon Dioxide? The Ventilatory Equivalent for Carbon Dioxide in Heart Failure |
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200 | (1) |
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(RE)Emerging Concepts and Mechanisms of Ventilatory Inefficiency: Application to Reduced or Preserved Ejection Fraction Heart Failure |
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201 | (6) |
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On-Transient Kinetics of Ventilation and Gas Exchange: Emerging Concepts in Preserved Ejection Fraction Heart Failure |
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205 | (1) |
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Skeletal Muscle Afferents and Ventilatory Control in Heart Failure |
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206 | (1) |
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Summary and Concluding Remarks |
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207 | (1) |
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208 | (1) |
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208 | (5) |
| Part III: Alcohol, Tobacco, and Other Drugs of Abuse |
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16 Relationships of Alcohol Consumption With Risks for Type 2 Diabetes Mellitus and Cardiovascular Disease in Men and Women |
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213 | (1) |
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Alcohol and Cerebro-and Cardiovascular Diseases |
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213 | (2) |
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Alcohol and Risk of Diabetes |
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215 | (1) |
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Alcohol and Glucose Metabolism |
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215 | (1) |
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Alcohol and Glycemic Status |
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216 | (1) |
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217 | (1) |
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Adiposity-Related Indices and Diabetes |
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218 | (1) |
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Modifications by Alcohol of Adiposity-Related Indices and of Their Relations With Diabetes |
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218 | (1) |
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219 | (1) |
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219 | (4) |
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17 Lifestyle Features and Heart Disease |
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223 | (1) |
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223 | (1) |
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224 | (1) |
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224 | (1) |
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225 | (1) |
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225 | (1) |
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225 | (1) |
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226 | (1) |
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18 Prevention of Cardiovascular Disease Among People Living With HIV: A Tailored Smoking Cessation Program Treating Depression |
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Unique Factors Impacting Smoking Cessation Among PHAs |
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227 | (1) |
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227 | (1) |
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227 | (1) |
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Smoking Cessation Among PHAs |
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228 | (1) |
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The HIV-Tailored Smoking Cessation Program |
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228 | (2) |
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228 | (1) |
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Description of the HIV-Tailored Smoking Cessation Counselling Program |
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229 | (1) |
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Pilot Study Outcome Results |
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230 | (1) |
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Change in Psychological Correlates of Successful Quitting |
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230 | (1) |
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231 | (1) |
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231 | (2) |
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19 Factors Associated With Tobacco Use Among Patients With MCC: Multidisciplinary Visions about the Lifestyle on Health and Cardiovascular Disease |
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Arise G. de Siqueira GaLIL |
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Barbara A.B.B. de Andrade |
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233 | (1) |
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Smoking, Cardiovascular Diseases, and Multiple Chronic Conditions |
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234 | (3) |
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Multidisciplinary Visions About the Lifestyle on Health and Cardiovascular Disease |
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237 | (1) |
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Multidisciplinary Team Versus Clinical Practice |
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237 | (2) |
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Experience of a Multidisciplinary Team in the Management of Smokers With Multiple Chronic Conditions |
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239 | (1) |
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240 | (1) |
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240 | (1) |
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241 | (3) |
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244 | (3) |
| Part IV: Social, Population, and Family Effects on the Heart and Arteries |
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20 Lifestyle Interventions in Patients With Serious Mental Illness |
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247 | (1) |
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Efficacy of lifestyle Interventions in the SMI Population |
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247 | (2) |
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249 | (1) |
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249 | (1) |
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250 | (1) |
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251 | (1) |
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251 | (4) |
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21 Chocolate and Its Component's Effect on Cardiovascular Disease |
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255 | (1) |
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255 | (2) |
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History of Chocolate in Heart Health |
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255 | (1) |
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256 | (1) |
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256 | (1) |
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Chocolate and Cardiovascular Disease: An Epidemiological Focus |
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257 | (1) |
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Chocolate Consumption and Blood Pressure |
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258 | (1) |
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Chemical Composition of Chocolate's Cocoa Beans |
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259 | (1) |
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259 | (1) |
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259 | (1) |
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260 | (1) |
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Cocoa Polyphenols and Cardiovascular Disease |
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260 | (1) |
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Mechanisms of Flavanols and Cocoa on The Body |
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260 | (2) |
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Endothelial Function and Nitric Oxide |
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260 | (1) |
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261 | (1) |
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262 | (1) |
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262 | (1) |
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263 | (1) |
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263 | (3) |
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266 | (1) |
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22 Prediabetes: An Emerging Risk Factor for Coronary Artery Disease |
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267 | (1) |
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267 | (1) |
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The Magnitude of Prediabetes |
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268 | (1) |
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Established Risks of Diabetes Mellitus |
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268 | (1) |
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Emerging Noncardiovascular Risks of Prediabetes |
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269 | (1) |
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Prediabetes and Inflammation |
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269 | (1) |
|
Atherosclerosis and Inflammation |
|
|
269 | (1) |
|
Prediabetes and Atherosclerosis |
|
|
269 | (1) |
|
Prediabetes and Endothelial Dysfunction |
|
|
269 | (1) |
|
Prediabetes and Acute Coronary Syndrome |
|
|
270 | (1) |
|
Prediabetes and ST Segment Elevation Myocardial Infarction |
|
|
271 | (1) |
|
Prediabetes and Silent Myocardial Infarctions |
|
|
271 | (1) |
|
Prediabetes and Potential Interventions |
|
|
272 | (1) |
|
|
|
272 | (1) |
|
|
|
272 | (3) |
|
23 Mindfulness-Based Therapy and Heart Health |
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
275 | (1) |
|
|
|
276 | (2) |
|
Diabetes Mellitus (Types 1 and 2) |
|
|
278 | (2) |
|
|
|
280 | (1) |
|
|
|
281 | (1) |
|
|
|
281 | (1) |
|
|
|
282 | (1) |
|
|
|
282 | (1) |
|
|
|
282 | (3) |
|
24 Lifestyle Impact and Genotype-Phenotype Correlations in Brugada Syndrome |
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
285 | (1) |
|
BrS genetics and the Genotype-Phenotype Correlation |
|
|
285 | (1) |
|
Factors Precipitating and Modulating the ECG and Arrhythmias in BrS |
|
|
286 | (2) |
|
|
|
286 | (1) |
|
Diet and Electrolyte Imbalance |
|
|
286 | (1) |
|
Leisure Activities and Sports |
|
|
286 | (2) |
|
Alcohol and Drugs of Abuse Intoxication |
|
|
288 | (1) |
|
Tobacco Smoking and Nicotine Intoxication |
|
|
288 | (1) |
|
Medications to be Avoided in BrS |
|
|
288 | (1) |
|
|
|
288 | (1) |
|
|
|
289 | (2) |
|
25 Social Relationships and |
|
|
|
|
|
|
Underlying Mechanisms, Life Course Processes, and Future Directions |
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
291 | (1) |
|
Social Relationships and Cardiovascular Health |
|
|
291 | (3) |
|
|
|
291 | (1) |
|
|
|
292 | (1) |
|
|
|
293 | (1) |
|
Psychoemotional Processes |
|
|
293 | (1) |
|
|
|
293 | (1) |
|
Gaps in the Literature and Directions for Future Research |
|
|
294 | (1) |
|
|
|
295 | (1) |
|
|
|
295 | (2) |
|
26 Trace Elements and Coronary Artery Disease |
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
297 | (1) |
|
The Impact of Trace Elements on Coronary |
|
|
|
|
|
297 | (3) |
|
|
|
300 | (1) |
|
27 Decompressive Hemicraniectomy for Severe Stroke: An Updated Review of the Literature |
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
301 | (1) |
|
|
|
301 | (2) |
|
|
|
301 | (2) |
|
|
|
303 | (2) |
|
Primary Study Characteristics |
|
|
303 | (1) |
|
|
|
303 | (1) |
|
|
|
304 | (1) |
|
|
|
305 | (1) |
|
|
|
305 | (1) |
|
Appendix Review Matrix for Literature Review |
|
|
306 | (5) |
|
|
|
311 | (2) |
| Index |
|
313 | |
