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E-book: Low Carbon Mobility for Future Cities: Principles and applications

Edited by (Swinburne University of Technology, Centre for Sustainable Infrastructure, Australia)
  • Format: PDF+DRM
  • Series: Transportation
  • Pub. Date: 10-Mar-2017
  • Publisher: Institution of Engineering and Technology
  • Language: eng
  • ISBN-13: 9781785611988
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Low Carbon Mobility for Future Cities: Principles and applicationsLarger Image
  • Format: PDF+DRM
  • Series: Transportation
  • Pub. Date: 10-Mar-2017
  • Publisher: Institution of Engineering and Technology
  • Language: eng
  • ISBN-13: 9781785611988
Other books in subject:

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Urban Transport energy efficiency and environmental sustainability continue to present big challenges for city leaders and policy think tanks. As the share of the world's population living in cities grows to nearly 70 per cent between now and 2050, urban transport energy consumption is forecast to double to meet the travel demand in the world's future cities. This urban growth will also dramatically change the scale and nature of our communities, and put a tremendous strain on the built environment and infrastructure that delivers vital services like transport.



This book presents a cohesive body of work on the policy principles and practical applications to drive sustainable mobility services in tomorrow's smart cities. Topics covered include policy principles for low carbon mobility; low carbon mobility and reducing automobile dependence; integrated land-use and transport planning for future cities; decarbonising suburban mobility; public transport for the urban millennium; impacts on public health; active transport, health and wellbeing; mobility and the sharing economy; autonomous shared mobility; gamification and sustainable mobility; and digital innovations and disruptive mobility.



Low Carbon Mobility for Future Cities will be essential reading for researchers and practitioners in transport engineering, urban planning, transport planning and strategy, government employees in charge of sustainable practices, higher degree students, and the industries involved in offering mobility as a service.
Preface xv
Biographies xvii
1 Introduction
1(12)
Hussein Dia
1.1
Chapter 2: Urban mobility: challenges and opportunities
1(1)
Hussein Dia
1.2
Chapter 3: Policy principles for low carbon mobility
2(1)
Hussein Dia
1.3
Chapter 4: Low carbon mobility and reducing automobile dependence
3(1)
Peter Newman
1.4
Chapter 5: Integrated land-use and transport planning for future cities: and the importance of active transport
4(1)
Michael A.P. Taylor
1.5
Chapter 6: Decarbonising suburban mobility
5(1)
Peter Newton
Michael A.P. Taylor
Peter Newman
John Stanley
Chris Rissel
Billie Giles-Corti
Rocco Zito
1.6
Chapter 7: The `disruption' we really need: public transport for the urban millennium
6(1)
John Stone
Yvonne Kirk
1.7
Chapter 8: Urban transport and impacts on public health
7(1)
Ghassan Abu-Lebdeh
1.8
Chapter 9: Active transport: policy directions for creating built environments that support health and well-being
8(1)
Susan Thompson
Michael A.P. Taylor
1.9
Chapter 10: Mobility and the sharing economy: industry developments and early understanding of impacts
9(1)
Susan A. Shaheen
Apaar Bansal
Nelson Chan
Adam Cohen
1.10
Chapter 11: Autonomous shared mobility: shaping the future of urban transport
10(1)
Hussein Dia
1.11
Chapter 12: Gamification and sustainable mobility: challenges and opportunities in a changing transportation landscape
10(1)
Eleni I. Vlahogianni
Emmanouil Barmpounakis
1.12
Chapter 13: Digital innovations and disruptive mobility: mapping the value beyond the hype
11(1)
Hussein Dia
1.13
Chapter 14: Summary and future directions
12(1)
Hussein Dia
References
12(1)
2 Urban mobility: challenges and opportunities
13(28)
Hussein Dia
Abstract
13(1)
Keywords
13(1)
2.1 Introduction
13(1)
2.2 Rapid urbanisation
14(5)
2.2.1 Increasing number of mega-cities
15(1)
2.2.2 Urban growth expected to concentrate in small- and medium-sized cities
16(1)
2.2.3 Impacts of urban growth and wealth on mobility and transport infrastructure
16(2)
2.2.4 Futrure directions to successful sustainable urbanisation
18(1)
2.3 Road crashes and injuries
19(3)
2.4 Traffic congestion
22(2)
2.4.1 The ten most congested cities (2015)
23(1)
2.4.2 Cost of congestion
23(1)
2.5 Emissions
24(3)
2.5.1 Australia
26(1)
2.5.2 India and China
26(1)
2.6 Ageing assets and the infrastructure investment gap
27(2)
2.7 Resilient infrastructure
29(1)
2.8 Limitations of traditional approach --- `predict and provide'
30(1)
2.9 The opportunities
31(2)
2.9.1 Low carbon mobility
32(1)
2.9.2 Planning for sustainable transport solutions
32(1)
2.9.3 Conventional approaches versus sustainable mobility solutions
33(1)
2.10 Conclusion
33(8)
Acknowledgements
35(1)
References
35(4)
Glossary
39(1)
Further Reading
39(2)
3 Policy principles for low carbon mobility
41(24)
Hussein Dia
Abstract
41(1)
Keywords
41(1)
3.1 Introduction
41(1)
3.2 Urban transport system energy efficiency
42(2)
3.3 Policy instruments
44(1)
3.4 The `avoid, shift, share and improve' framework
44(3)
3.4.1 Avoid
45(1)
3.4.2 Shift
46(1)
3.4.3 Share
46(1)
3.4.4 Improve
47(1)
3.5 Ten key principles from the `avoid, shift, share, improve' framework
47(1)
3.6 The benefits
48(1)
3.7 City contexts and urban needs
49(1)
3.7.1 Developing cities
49(1)
3.7.2 Sprawling cities
49(1)
3.7.3 Congested cities
49(1)
3.7.4 Multi-modal cities
50(1)
3.8 Matching policies to city needs
50(1)
3.8.1 Developing cities
50(1)
3.8.2 Sprawling cities
50(1)
3.8.3 Congested cities
51(1)
3.8.4 Multi-modal cities
51(1)
3.9 Can policy measures be combined to increase impact?
51(1)
3.10 Stakeholder consultations
51(1)
3.11 Case studies
52(3)
3.11.1 Congestion charging in London, Stockholm, Gothenburg, Singapore and Milan
52(2)
3.11.2 Bus rapid transit in Guangzhou, Ahmedabad and Lagos
54(1)
3.11.3 Bike share system: Paris
54(1)
3.11.4 Car-Free urban centres: Plans for Oslo, Milan, Dublin, Paris, Madrid and Brussels
54(1)
3.12 Policy pathways
55(4)
3.12.1 Plan
56(2)
3.12.2 Implement
58(1)
3.12.3 Monitor
58(1)
3.12.4 Evaluate
59(1)
3.13 Conclusions
59(6)
References
60(2)
Glossary
62(1)
Further Reading
62(3)
4 Low carbon mobility and reducing automobile dependence
65(26)
Peter Newman
Abstract
65(1)
Keywords
65(1)
4.1 Introduction
65(1)
4.2 The historical opportunity
66(1)
4.3 Twenty-first century cities
67(7)
4.3.1 The reversal in density decline
67(3)
4.3.2 The reversal in transit decline
70(4)
4.4 What are the economic drivers of reducing automobile dependence?
74(1)
4.4.1 Knowledge economy and city form
74(1)
4.4.2 Digital technology, culture and city form
75(1)
4.5 What comes next?
75(1)
4.5.1 Urban economy
75(1)
4.5.2 Oil
76(1)
4.5.3 Climate change
76(1)
4.6 Options for the low carbon mobility transition
76(9)
4.6.1 Electric rail transit investment
76(3)
4.6.2 Reducing travel
79(1)
4.6.3 Reducing demand for the automobile
80(2)
4.6.4 Electric vehicles
82(1)
4.6.5 Renewable fuels
83(1)
4.6.6 Renewable gas for freight
84(1)
4.7 Conclusions
85(6)
References
86(3)
Glossary
89(1)
Further Reading
90(1)
5 Integrated land-use and transport planning for future cities: and the importance of active transport
91(22)
Michael A.P. Taylor
Abstract
91(1)
Keywords
91(1)
5.1 Introduction
92(1)
5.2 Sustainable land-use and transport
93(2)
5.3 Travel behaviour
95(2)
5.4 Accessibility
97(5)
5.4.1 Accessibility indices
99(1)
5.4.2 Accessibility measurement in urban areas
100(2)
5.5 Need for integrated policy and practice
102(2)
5.6 Integration --- policy and practices
104(2)
5.7 Case studies
106(1)
5.7.1 Mawson Lakes
106(1)
5.7.2 Subiaco
106(1)
5.7.3 Portland
107(1)
5.8 Conclusions
107(6)
References
108(3)
Glossary
111(1)
Further Reading
111(2)
6 Decarbonising suburban mobility
113(26)
Peter Newton
Michael A.P. Taylor
Peter Newman
John Stanley
Chris Rissel
Billie Giles-Corti
Rocco Zito
Abstract
113(1)
Keywords
113(1)
6.1 Introduction
113(6)
6.2 Next wave developments in suburban transport
119(10)
6.2.1 Buses
119(3)
6.2.2 Rail
122(3)
6.2.3 Cycling
125(1)
6.2.4 Walkability
126(3)
6.3 Smart mobility
129(2)
6.3.1 Principles and innovations required for smart mobility in suburban areas
129(2)
6.4 Conclusions
131(8)
References
132(5)
Glossary
137(1)
Further Reading
138(1)
7 The `disruption' we really need: public transport for the urban millennium
139(24)
John Stone
Yvonne Kirk
Abstract
139(1)
Keywords
139(1)
7.1 Introduction
140(1)
7.2 Challenges of the urban millennium: the role for `traditional' public transport
140(2)
7.3 Can priority for public and active transport succeed?
142(6)
7.3.1 Principles of success
143(3)
7.3.2 Delivering the network effect
146(1)
7.3.3 How have some cities `won' the politics?
147(1)
7.4 Case studies of relative success
148(10)
7.4.1 Vancouver
148(7)
7.4.2 Zurich
155(1)
7.4.3 Vienna
156(2)
7.5 Conclusions: overcoming obstacles to implementing effective and efficient public transport systems
158(5)
References
159(3)
Glossary
162(1)
Further Reading
162(1)
8 Urban transport and impacts on public health
163(22)
Ghassan Abu-Lebdeh
Abstract
163(1)
Keywords
163(1)
8.1 Introduction
163(4)
8.1.1 Context
165(1)
8.1.2 Why health impacts of transport now?
165(2)
8.1.3 This chapter
167(1)
8.2 History and background of urban form, transportation, and public health
167(1)
8.3 Low carbon mobility options and health
168(1)
8.4 Transport health impacts
169(9)
8.4.1 Transport crashes and injuries
170(1)
8.4.2 Air pollution
171(3)
8.4.3 Psychological health impacts due to noise and other stress sources
174(1)
8.4.4 Active transport
175(1)
8.4.5 Community health, mental health, and social well-being
176(1)
8.4.6 Soil and water pollution and transport
177(1)
8.5 Assessing transport health impacts
178(1)
8.6 Summary and conclusions
179(6)
References
180(3)
Glossary
183(1)
Further Reading
184(1)
9 Active transport: policy directions for creating built environments that support health and well-being
185(28)
Susan Thompson
Michael A. P. Taylor
Abstract
185(1)
Keywords
185(1)
9.1 Introduction
185(1)
9.2 Linking the built environment, travel modes and health
186(5)
9.3 Defining co-benefits
191(3)
9.4 Planning and policy directions for active transport
194(2)
9.4.1 Planning interventions overview
195(1)
9.4.2 Policy interventions overview
196(1)
9.5 Co-benefits generated from low carbon mobility plans
196(2)
9.5.1 Public health benefits
197(1)
9.5.2 Environmental benefits
197(1)
9.5.3 Quality of life and social benefits
198(1)
9.5.4 Economic and productivity benefits
198(1)
9.6 Case studies of current policy and practice
198(4)
9.6.1 National Heart Foundation
199(1)
9.6.2 Walk21
200(1)
9.6.3 `Health in all policies' South Australia
200(1)
9.6.4 NSW `Healthy Urban Development Checklist'
200(1)
9.6.5 Sydney Metropolitan Strategy
201(1)
9.7 Estimating co-benefits
202(3)
9.8 Conclusions
205(8)
References
206(4)
Glossary
210(1)
Further Reading
211(2)
10 Mobility and the sharing economy: industry developments and early understanding of impacts
213(28)
Susan A. Shaheen
Apaar Bansal
Nelson Chan
Adam Cohen
Abstract
213(1)
Keywords
213(1)
10.1 Introduction
213(3)
10.1.1 Shared mobility and the sharing economy
214(2)
10.2 Carsharing
216(4)
10.2.1 Roundtrip carsharing
216(1)
10.2.2 One-way carsharing
217(2)
10.2.3 Personal vehicle sharing
219(1)
10.3 Scooter sharing
220(1)
10.4 Bikesharing
221(1)
10.5 Ridesharing
222(1)
10.6 For-hire driver services
223(3)
10.6.1 Ridesourcing
223(2)
10.6.2 Ridesplitting or pooling
225(1)
10.6.3 e-Hail services
225(1)
10.7 Microtransit
226(1)
10.7.1 Fixed routes and fixed scheduling
226(1)
10.7.2 Flexible routes and on-demand scheduling
226(1)
10.8 Courier network services
227(1)
10.8.1 P2P delivery services
227(1)
10.8.2 Paired on-demand passenger ride and courier services
228(1)
10.9 Future of shared mobility
228(4)
10.9.1 Mobility-related smartphone apps
229(2)
10.9.2 Impact of automated vehicles on shared mobility
231(1)
10.9.3 Mobility as a service
232(1)
10.10 Conclusion
232(9)
Acknowledgment
233(1)
References
233(4)
Glossary
237(2)
Further Reading
239(2)
11 Autonomous vehicles and shared mobility: shaping the future of urban transport
241(36)
Hussein Dia
Abstract
241(1)
Keywords
241(1)
11.1 Introduction
242(2)
11.2 Vehicle technologies and autonomous driving functions
244(1)
11.3 Levels of driving automation
245(1)
11.4 Timelines of deployment
246(1)
11.5 A cyber-physical system --- how does the autonomous vehicle work?
246(3)
11.5.1 The autonomous vehicle brain --- artificial intelligence algorithms
248(1)
11.6 Impact on road safety --- the moral imperative
249(1)
11.6.1 Human interaction and transferring control between driver and vehicle
250(1)
11.7 Potential impacts
250(17)
11.7.1 Impacts on car ownership
251(1)
11.7.2 Impacts on vehicle sales
251(1)
11.7.3 Impacts on road users
252(1)
11.7.4 Impact on infrastructure and connected vehicle investments
253(1)
11.7.5 Impact on intersection control and congestion on urban arterials
254(1)
11.7.6 Impact on mobility, parking, public spaces and congestion
255(5)
11.7.7 Impact on public transport
260(3)
11.7.8 Impacts of autonomous vehicles on active transport
263(1)
11.7.9 Impact on jobs and labour
264(1)
11.7.10 Impact on the environment and pollutants emissions
264(2)
11.7.11 Impact on vehicle insurance and other industries
266(1)
11.7.12 Liability --- who is responsible?
266(1)
11.8 Opportunities for new business models
267(1)
11.8.1 Collaborative mobility
267(1)
11.9 Public attitudes to autonomous vehicles: an international perspective
267(1)
11.10 Ethical challenges
268(2)
11.10.1 The nature of the dilemma
268(2)
11.10.2 Safe versus legal
270(1)
11.11 Regulations
270(1)
11.12 Summary and conclusions
271(6)
Acknowledgements
271(1)
References
271(4)
Glossary
275(1)
Further Reading
275(2)
12 Gamification and sustainable mobility: challenges and opportunities in a changing transportation landscape
277(24)
Eleni I. Vlahogianni
Emmanouil N. Barmpounakis
Abstract
277(1)
Keywords
277(1)
12.1 Introduction
277(3)
12.2 Gamification: what it is, how it works, and why it works
280(5)
12.2.1 Definition and principles
280(2)
12.2.2 Gamification as a mobility change instrument
282(1)
12.2.3 Some gamified mobility applications
283(2)
12.3 Quantifying the effects of gamified transportation applications
285(2)
12.4 Deployment issues to consider
287(4)
12.4.1 Drivers for success
287(1)
12.4.2 New management paradigms by leveraging ICT
288(2)
12.4.3 Data privacy and security and social equity
290(1)
12.4.4 Advanced skills and novel educational paradigms
290(1)
12.5 Conclusion
291(10)
References
292(6)
Glossary
298(1)
Further Reading
298(3)
13 Digital innovations and smart mobility: mapping the value beyond the hype
301(26)
Hussein Dia
Abstract
301(1)
Keywords
301(1)
13.1 Introduction
301(1)
13.2 The opportunities
302(8)
13.2.1 Smart cities: technology-driven urban infrastructure
303(1)
13.2.2 Smart mobility
304(6)
13.3 The benefits: more for less
310(6)
13.3.1 Case studies --- mapping the value beyond the hype
311(5)
13.4 The concerns
316(2)
13.4.1 Legislative support
317(1)
13.4.2 Software resilience
317(1)
13.4.3 Privacy
318(1)
13.5 Policy lessons
318(3)
13.6 Conclusions
321(6)
References
321(5)
Glossary
326(1)
Further Reading
326(1)
14 Summary and future directions
327(14)
Hussein Dia
Abstract
327(1)
14.1 Introduction
327(1)
14.2 A framework for rethinking urban mobility
328(1)
14.2.1 A systems approach
328(1)
14.2.2 Transport as a `derived demand' and `valued activity'
329(1)
14.2.3 Reframing transport
329(1)
14.3 Policies and strategies
329(2)
14.3.1 Strengthening the linkage between land-use and transport
329(1)
14.3.2 Rethinking urban planning and transport engineering designs
330(1)
14.3.3 Realigning transport infrastructure investment
330(1)
14.3.4 Integrating urban transport facilities and service operations
330(1)
14.3.5 Urban governance frameworks
330(1)
14.3.6 Regulatory frameworks
331(1)
14.4 Research agenda to inform low carbon mobility policies --- Australian perspective
331(4)
14.5 Practical research routes to inform urban mobility policies
335(2)
14.5.1 Looking beyond the immediate benefits and establishing the long-term impacts of new technologies
336(1)
14.5.2 Develop rigorous but flexible evaluation frameworks and tools
336(1)
14.5.3 Adapt governance systems and develop agile and outcome-focused regulations
337(1)
14.5.4 Facilitate and encourage active transport and public transport innovations
337(1)
14.6 Concluding remarks
337(4)
References
338(1)
Glossary
339(1)
Further Reading
339(2)
Index 341
Hussein Dia is Associate Professor at the Centre of Sustainable Infrastructure at Swinburne University of Technology, Australia. He is a Civil Engineer with three decades of experience in Intelligent Transport Systems and transport modelling. He has worked extensively in collaboration with both the public and private sectors, including strong engagement with industry. His research interests are in smart infrastructure systems and the convergence of technology, infrastructure and human elements in urban environments. His current work is focused on disruptive mobility and harnessing digital innovations to unlock low carbon mobility opportunities. He is a Chartered Professional Engineer, Fellow of the American Society of Civil Engineers, Fellow of Engineers Australia and Fellow of the Institute of Transportation Engineers.
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