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E-book: Mechanical Properties of Polymers Measured through AFM Force-Distance Curves

  • Format: PDF+DRM
  • Series: Springer Laboratory
  • Pub. Date: 14-Jul-2016
  • Publisher: Springer International Publishing AG
  • Language: eng
  • ISBN-13: 9783319294599
  • Format - PDF+DRM
  • Price: 110,53 €*
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  • Format: PDF+DRM
  • Series: Springer Laboratory
  • Pub. Date: 14-Jul-2016
  • Publisher: Springer International Publishing AG
  • Language: eng
  • ISBN-13: 9783319294599

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This Springer Laboratory volume is a practical guide for scientists and students dealing with the measurement of mechanical properties of polymers at the nanoscale through AFM force-distance curves.In the first part of the book the reader will find a theoretical introduction about atomic force microscopy, focused on force-distance curves, and mechanical properties of polymers. The discussion of several practical issues concerning the acquisition and the interpretation of force-distance curves will help scientists starting to employ this technique.The second part of the book deals with the practical measurement of mechanical properties of polymers by means of AFM force-distance curves. Several "hands-on" examples are illustrated in a very detailed manner, with particular attention to the sample preparation, data analysis, and typical artefacts. This section gives a complete overview about the qualitative characterization and quantitative determination of the mechanical properties

of homogeneous polymer samples, polymer brushes, polymer thin films, confined polymer samples, model blends and microstructured polymer blends through AFM force-distance curves.The book also introduces to new approaches and measurement techniques, like creep compliance and force modulation measurements, pointing out approximations, limitations and issues requiring further confirmation.

Part I Principles: Theory and Practice: Physical principles of Force-Distance Curves by Atomic Force Microscopy.- Force-Distance Curves in Practice.- Part II Case Studies: Mechanical Properties of Homogeneous Polymer Films, Thin Polymer Films and Polymer Blends: Homogeneous Polymer Films.- Thin Polymer Films.- Polymer Blends.- Creep Compliance Measurement and Force-Modulation.
Part I Principles: Theory and Practice
1 Physical Principles of Force--Distance Curves by Atomic Force Microscopy
3(64)
1.1 Atomic Force Microscope
3(2)
1.2 Force--Distance Curves
5(4)
1.3 Elasticity and Storage Elastic Modulus
9(2)
1.4 Indentation and Continuum Elastic Theories
11(11)
1.4.1 Hertz Theory
12(1)
1.4.2 Derjaguin--Muller--Toporov and Johnson--Kendall--Roberts Theories
13(2)
1.4.3 Maugis Theory
15(4)
1.4.4 Oliver and Pharr Theory
19(3)
1.5 Brief Review of Surface Forces
22(4)
1.6 Mechanical Properties of Polymers
26(3)
1.7 Time--Temperature Superposition Principle and Williams--Landel--Ferry Equation
29(3)
1.8 Viscoelasticity and Loss Elastic Modulus
32(16)
1.8.1 Transient Loading Patterns
32(4)
1.8.2 Dynamic Loading Patterns
36(2)
1.8.3 Hyperbolic Semiempirical Model
38(5)
1.8.4 Creep Compliance Measurement
43(1)
1.8.5 Force Modulation
44(4)
1.9 Plastic Deformation
48(2)
1.10 Thin Polymer Films
50(17)
References
63(4)
2 Force--Distance Curves in Practice
67(28)
2.1 Optical Lever Technique and Sensitivity
67(2)
2.2 AFM Cantilevers and Tips
69(6)
2.2.1 Determination of the Elastic Constant
69(3)
2.2.2 Determination of the Tip Radius
72(2)
2.2.3 Colloidal Probes
74(1)
2.3 Practical Issues of Force--Distance Curves Acquisition
75(12)
2.3.1 Data Analysis and Force--Volume Measurements
75(5)
2.3.2 Typical Artefacts of AFM Force--Distance Curves
80(7)
2.4 Sequence of Work Steps of a Force--Distance Curves Experiment
87(8)
References
89(6)
Part II Case Studies: Mechanical Properties of Homogeneous Polymer Films, Thin Polymer Films and Polymer Blends
3 Homogeneous Polymer Films
95(60)
3.1 Determination of the Elastic Modulus of Homogeneous Polymer Samples
97(1)
3.2 Hands-on Example 1: Elastic Modulus of Poly(methyl methacrylate) and Polycarbonate
97(6)
3.3 Hands-on Example 2: Elastic Modulus of Polybutadiene as a Function of Exposure Time to Air
103(2)
3.4 Hands-on Example 3: Elastic Modulus of Polystyrene Exposed to Plasma and to Toluene Vapour
105(7)
3.5 Hands-on Example 4: Comparative Analysis on the Nanoindentation of Polymers Using Oliver and Pharr Procedure
112(3)
3.6 Colloidal Probes
115(1)
3.7 Hands-on Example 5: Determination of the Elastic Modulus of Silicone Methacrylate Microparticles with Colloidal Probes
116(7)
3.8 Hands-on Example 6: Deformation and Adhesion of Elastomer Microparticles Used as Colloidal Tips
123(2)
3.9 Viscoelastic Behaviour
125(1)
3.10 Hands-on Example 7: Viscoelastic Behaviour of Poly(n-butyl methacrylate)
126(4)
3.11 Hands-on Example 8: Viscoelastic Behaviour of Polystyrene
130(4)
3.12 Thermomechanical Properties
134(1)
3.13 Hands-on Example 9: Studying the Glass-to-Rubber Transition of Poly(tert-butyl acrylate) Using Adhesion Measurements
135(9)
3.14 Hands-on Example 10: Thermomechanical Properties of Poly(n-butyl methacrylate)
144(4)
3.15 Hands-on Example 11: Thermomechanical Properties of Polystyrene Samples with Different Molecular Weight
148(7)
References
151(4)
4 Thin Polymer Films and Polymer Brushes
155(32)
4.1 Thin Polymer Films
155(1)
4.2 Hands-on Example 12: Mechanical Properties of Thin Poly(n-butyl methacrylate) Films
156(5)
4.3 Hands-on Example 13: Determination of the Thickness of a Dewetted Poly(n-butyl methacrylate) Film Through Force--Distance Curves
161(6)
4.4 Hands-on Example 14: Visualisation of Glass Microspheres Embedded in a PMMA Film
167(4)
4.5 Hands-on Example 15: Force--Distance Curves on a Polymer--Polymer Mechanical Double Layer: Polybutadiene on Polystyrene
171(5)
4.6 Polymer Brushes
176(1)
4.7 Hands-on Example 16: Elastic Modulus of Poly(styrene-co-pentafluorostyrene) and Poly(methyl acrylate) Polymer Brushes
177(10)
References
184(3)
5 Polymer Blends
187(34)
5.1 Model Blends and Confined Polymers
187(1)
5.2 Hands-on Example 17: Spatial Variation of the Thermomechanical Properties of a Model Polystyrene/Poly(n-butyl methacrylate) Blend
188(10)
5.3 Hands-on Example 18: Characterisation of the Local Elastic Modulus in Confined Poly(methyl methacrylate) Films
198(2)
5.4 Microstructured Blends
200(3)
5.5 Hands-on Example 19: Spatial Variation of the Properties of a Microstructured Polystyrene/Poly(n-butyl methacrylate) Blend
203(6)
5.6 Hands-on Example 20: Spatial Variation of the Properties of a Polystyrene/Polybutadiene Blend
209(5)
5.7 Pulsed Force Mode
214(7)
References
217(4)
6 Creep Compliance Measurement
221(10)
6.1 Hands-on Example 21: Creep Compliance Measurement of Viscoelastic Polymers
221(6)
6.2 Hands-on Example 22: Creep Compliance Mapping
227(4)
References
230(1)
Index 231
Brunero Cappella, born 1970 in Italy, studied physics in the University of Pisa. In 1999 he moved to Berlin, where he worked in the Federal Institute for Materials Testing and Research. He received his PhD in materials science in 2002 from the Technical University of Berlin and his habilitation in Physical Chemistry in 2008 at the University of Siegen. Currently, he is working in the Federal Institute for Materials Testing and Research, leading the group "Contact mechanics", and he is a lecturer for Physical Chemistry at the University of Siegen. Since the very beginning of his scientific career, Brunero Cappella has been studying surface physics, atomic force microscopy and in particular AFM force-distance curves. He has written several papers; two recent review articles about force-distance curves for Surface Science Reports are among the most cited works of the journal (664 citations for the first and 1189 citations for the second article).