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Part I Principles: Theory and Practice |
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1 Physical Principles of Force--Distance Curves by Atomic Force Microscopy |
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3 | (64) |
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1.1 Atomic Force Microscope |
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3 | (2) |
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1.2 Force--Distance Curves |
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5 | (4) |
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1.3 Elasticity and Storage Elastic Modulus |
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9 | (2) |
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1.4 Indentation and Continuum Elastic Theories |
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11 | (11) |
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12 | (1) |
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1.4.2 Derjaguin--Muller--Toporov and Johnson--Kendall--Roberts Theories |
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13 | (2) |
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15 | (4) |
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1.4.4 Oliver and Pharr Theory |
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19 | (3) |
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1.5 Brief Review of Surface Forces |
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22 | (4) |
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1.6 Mechanical Properties of Polymers |
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26 | (3) |
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1.7 Time--Temperature Superposition Principle and Williams--Landel--Ferry Equation |
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29 | (3) |
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1.8 Viscoelasticity and Loss Elastic Modulus |
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32 | (16) |
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1.8.1 Transient Loading Patterns |
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32 | (4) |
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1.8.2 Dynamic Loading Patterns |
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36 | (2) |
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1.8.3 Hyperbolic Semiempirical Model |
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38 | (5) |
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1.8.4 Creep Compliance Measurement |
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43 | (1) |
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44 | (4) |
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48 | (2) |
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50 | (17) |
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63 | (4) |
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2 Force--Distance Curves in Practice |
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67 | (28) |
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2.1 Optical Lever Technique and Sensitivity |
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67 | (2) |
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2.2 AFM Cantilevers and Tips |
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69 | (6) |
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2.2.1 Determination of the Elastic Constant |
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69 | (3) |
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2.2.2 Determination of the Tip Radius |
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72 | (2) |
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74 | (1) |
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2.3 Practical Issues of Force--Distance Curves Acquisition |
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75 | (12) |
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2.3.1 Data Analysis and Force--Volume Measurements |
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75 | (5) |
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2.3.2 Typical Artefacts of AFM Force--Distance Curves |
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80 | (7) |
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2.4 Sequence of Work Steps of a Force--Distance Curves Experiment |
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87 | (8) |
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89 | (6) |
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Part II Case Studies: Mechanical Properties of Homogeneous Polymer Films, Thin Polymer Films and Polymer Blends |
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3 Homogeneous Polymer Films |
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95 | (60) |
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3.1 Determination of the Elastic Modulus of Homogeneous Polymer Samples |
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97 | (1) |
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3.2 Hands-on Example 1: Elastic Modulus of Poly(methyl methacrylate) and Polycarbonate |
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97 | (6) |
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3.3 Hands-on Example 2: Elastic Modulus of Polybutadiene as a Function of Exposure Time to Air |
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103 | (2) |
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3.4 Hands-on Example 3: Elastic Modulus of Polystyrene Exposed to Plasma and to Toluene Vapour |
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105 | (7) |
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3.5 Hands-on Example 4: Comparative Analysis on the Nanoindentation of Polymers Using Oliver and Pharr Procedure |
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112 | (3) |
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115 | (1) |
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3.7 Hands-on Example 5: Determination of the Elastic Modulus of Silicone Methacrylate Microparticles with Colloidal Probes |
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116 | (7) |
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3.8 Hands-on Example 6: Deformation and Adhesion of Elastomer Microparticles Used as Colloidal Tips |
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123 | (2) |
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3.9 Viscoelastic Behaviour |
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125 | (1) |
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3.10 Hands-on Example 7: Viscoelastic Behaviour of Poly(n-butyl methacrylate) |
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126 | (4) |
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3.11 Hands-on Example 8: Viscoelastic Behaviour of Polystyrene |
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130 | (4) |
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3.12 Thermomechanical Properties |
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134 | (1) |
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3.13 Hands-on Example 9: Studying the Glass-to-Rubber Transition of Poly(tert-butyl acrylate) Using Adhesion Measurements |
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135 | (9) |
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3.14 Hands-on Example 10: Thermomechanical Properties of Poly(n-butyl methacrylate) |
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144 | (4) |
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3.15 Hands-on Example 11: Thermomechanical Properties of Polystyrene Samples with Different Molecular Weight |
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148 | (7) |
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151 | (4) |
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4 Thin Polymer Films and Polymer Brushes |
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155 | (32) |
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155 | (1) |
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4.2 Hands-on Example 12: Mechanical Properties of Thin Poly(n-butyl methacrylate) Films |
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156 | (5) |
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4.3 Hands-on Example 13: Determination of the Thickness of a Dewetted Poly(n-butyl methacrylate) Film Through Force--Distance Curves |
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161 | (6) |
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4.4 Hands-on Example 14: Visualisation of Glass Microspheres Embedded in a PMMA Film |
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167 | (4) |
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4.5 Hands-on Example 15: Force--Distance Curves on a Polymer--Polymer Mechanical Double Layer: Polybutadiene on Polystyrene |
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171 | (5) |
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176 | (1) |
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4.7 Hands-on Example 16: Elastic Modulus of Poly(styrene-co-pentafluorostyrene) and Poly(methyl acrylate) Polymer Brushes |
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177 | (10) |
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184 | (3) |
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187 | (34) |
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5.1 Model Blends and Confined Polymers |
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187 | (1) |
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5.2 Hands-on Example 17: Spatial Variation of the Thermomechanical Properties of a Model Polystyrene/Poly(n-butyl methacrylate) Blend |
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188 | (10) |
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5.3 Hands-on Example 18: Characterisation of the Local Elastic Modulus in Confined Poly(methyl methacrylate) Films |
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198 | (2) |
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5.4 Microstructured Blends |
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200 | (3) |
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5.5 Hands-on Example 19: Spatial Variation of the Properties of a Microstructured Polystyrene/Poly(n-butyl methacrylate) Blend |
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203 | (6) |
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5.6 Hands-on Example 20: Spatial Variation of the Properties of a Polystyrene/Polybutadiene Blend |
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209 | (5) |
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214 | (7) |
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217 | (4) |
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6 Creep Compliance Measurement |
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221 | (10) |
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6.1 Hands-on Example 21: Creep Compliance Measurement of Viscoelastic Polymers |
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221 | (6) |
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6.2 Hands-on Example 22: Creep Compliance Mapping |
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227 | (4) |
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230 | (1) |
Index |
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231 | |