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E-grāmata: Molecular Plant Immunity

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  • Formāts: EPUB+DRM
  • Izdošanas datums: 15-Oct-2012
  • Izdevniecība: Wiley-Blackwell
  • Valoda: eng
  • ISBN-13: 9781118481455
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Molecular Plant ImmunityPalielināt
  • Formāts: EPUB+DRM
  • Izdošanas datums: 15-Oct-2012
  • Izdevniecība: Wiley-Blackwell
  • Valoda: eng
  • ISBN-13: 9781118481455
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This work for plant biologists, plant biotechnologists, and crop scientists details the molecular mechanisms of plant immunity and reviews recent findings in this area. There is special emphasis on molecular mechanisms involving resistance proteins. Three chapters are devoted to molecular features of pathogen effector proteins of bacteria, fungi, and oomycetes that interfere with plant immunity and contribute to bacterial and fungal pathogenicity. Other subjects examined include the role of the plant hormones salicylic acid and jasmonic acid in signaling pathways downstream of immune receptors. A final chapter looks at future directions for genetically engineering disease-resistant plants. The book includes color and b&w photos and images. Editor Sessa teaches molecular plant pathology at Tel-Aviv University, Israel. Annotation ©2013 Book News, Inc., Portland, OR (booknews.com)

Molecular Plant Immunity provides an integrated look at both well-established and emerging concepts in plant disease resistance providing the most current information on this important vitally important topic within plant biology. Understanding the molecular basis of the plant immune system has implications on the development of new varieties of sustainable crops, understanding the challenges plant life will face in changing environments, as well as providing a window into immune function that could have translational appeal to human medicine.

Molecular Plant Immunity opens with chapters reviewing how the first line of plant immune response is activated followed by chapters looking at the molecular mechanisms that allow fungi, bacteria, and oomycetes to circumvent those defenses. Plant resistance proteins, which provide the second line of plant immune defense, are then covered followed by chapters on the role of hormones in immunity and the mechanisms that modulate specific interaction between plants and viruses. The final chapters look at model plant-pathogen systems to review interaction between plants and fungal, bacterial, and viral pathogens.

Written by a leading team of international experts, Molecular Plant Immunity will provide a needed resource to diverse research community investigated plant immunity.

Contributors xi
Preface xv
Chapter 1 The Rice Xa21 Immune Receptor Recognizes a Novel Bacterial Quorum Sensing Factor
1(22)
Chang Jin Park
Pamela C. Ronald
Introduction
1(1)
Plants and Animal Immune Systems
2(1)
A Plethora of Immune Receptors Recognize Conserved Microbial Signatures
2(1)
Ax21 Conserved Molecular Signature
3(5)
Non-RD Receptor Kinase Xa21
8(3)
XA21-Mediated Signaling Components
11(2)
Cleavage and Nuclear Localization of the Rice XA21 Immune Receptor
13(1)
Regulation in the Endoplasmic Reticulum: Quality Control of XA21
14(1)
Systems Biology of the Innate Immune Response
15(1)
Acknowledgments
16(1)
References
16(7)
Chapter 2 Molecular Basis of Effector Recognition by Plant NB-LRR Proteins
23(18)
Lisong Ma
Harrold A. van den Burg
Ben J. C. Cornelissen
Frank L. W. Takken
Introduction
23(1)
Building Blocks of NB-LRRs; Classification and Structural Features of Subdomains
24(5)
Putting the Parts Together: Combining the Domains to Build a Signaling Competent NB-LRR Protein
29(1)
Stabilization and Accumulation of NB-LRR Proteins: Their Maturation and Stabilization
30(3)
When the Pathogen Attacks: Perception and Signaling by NB-LRR Proteins
33(2)
Conclusion
35(1)
Acknowledgments
35(1)
References
36(5)
Chapter 3 Signal Transduction Pathways Activated by R Proteins
41(14)
Gitta Coaker
Douglas Baker
Introduction
41(1)
R Protein Stability
42(1)
Genetic Separation of CC and TIR-NB-LRR Signaling
42(2)
NB-LRRs Exhibit Modular Structure and Function
44(1)
Subcellular Localization of NB-LRRs
45(2)
NB-LRRs Can Function in Pairs
47(1)
Common Immune Signaling Events Downstream of R Protein Activation
48(2)
Conclusion
50(1)
Acknowledgments
50(1)
References
50(5)
Chapter 4 The Roles of Salicylic Acid and Jasmonic Acid in Plant Immunity
55(26)
Pradeep Kachroo
Aardra Kachroo
Introduction
55(1)
Biosynthesis of SA
55(2)
Derivatives of SA
57(1)
SA and Systemic Acquired Resistance
58(2)
SA Signaling Pathway
60(2)
Jasmonates Mediate Plant Immunity
62(1)
JA Biosynthetic Mutants Are Altered in Microbial Defense
63(2)
Receptor Protein Complex Perceives JA
65(1)
Transcription Factors Regulate JA-Derived Signaling
66(2)
JA Regulates Defense Gene Expression
68(1)
Conclusion
68(1)
Acknowledgments
68(1)
References
69(12)
Chapter 5 Effectors of Bacterial Pathogens: Modes of Action and Plant Targets
81(26)
Feng Feng
Jian-Min Zhou
Introduction
81(1)
Overview of Plant Innate Immunity
81(2)
Overview of Type III Effectors
83(3)
Host Targets and Biochemical Functions
86(13)
Conclusion
99(1)
Acknowledgments
99(1)
References
99(8)
Chapter 6 The Roles of Transcription Activator-Like (TAL) Effectors in Virulence and Avirulence of Xanthomonas
107(16)
Aaron W. Hummel
Adam J. Bogdanove
Introduction
107(1)
TAL Effectors Are Delivered into and May Dimerize in the Host Cell
107(1)
TAL Effectors Function in the Plant Cell Nucleus
108(1)
AvrBs4 Is Recognized in the Plant Cell Cytoplasm
109(1)
TAL Effectors Activate Host Gene Expression
109(1)
Central Repeat Region of TAL Effectors Determines DNA Binding Specificity
110(1)
TAL Effectors Wrap Around DNA in a Right-Handed Superhelix
111(1)
TAL Effector Targets Include Different Susceptibility and Candidate Susceptibility Genes
112(2)
MtN3 Gene Family Is Targeted by Multiple TAL Effectors
114(1)
Promoter Polymorphisms Prevent S Gene Activation to Provide Disease Resistance
115(1)
Nature of the Rice Bacterial Blight Resistance Gene xa5 Suggests TAL Effector Interaction With Plant Transcriptional Machinery
115(1)
Executor R Genes Exploit TAL Effector Activity for Resistance
116(1)
Diversity of TAL Effectors in Xanthomonas Populations Is Largely Unexplored
117(1)
TAL Effectors Are Useful Tools for DNA Targeting
118(1)
Conclusion
118(1)
References
119(4)
Chapter 7 Effectors of Fungi and Oomycetes: Their Virulence and Avirulence Functions and Translocation From Pathogen to Host Cells
123(46)
Brett M. Tyler
Thierry Rouxel
Introduction
123(2)
Plant-Associated Fungi and Oomycetes
125(1)
Identification of Fungal and Oomycete Effectors
126(11)
Defensive Effectors: Effectors That Interfere With Plant Immunity
137(9)
Offensive Effectors: Effectors That Debilitate Plant Tissue
146(3)
Effectors That Contribute to Fitness via Unknown Mechanisms
149(1)
Entry of Intracellular Effectors
149(3)
Genome Location and Consequences for Adaptation/Dispensability
152(1)
Conclusion
153(1)
Acknowledgments
154(1)
References
154(15)
Chapter 8 Plant-Virus Interaction: Defense and Counter-Defense
169(18)
Amy Wahba Foreman
Gail J. Pruss
Vicki Vance
Introduction
169(1)
RNA Silencing as an Antiviral Defense Pathway - the Beginning of the Story
169(3)
Small Regulatory RNA Biogenesis and Function
172(2)
The Silencing Mafia - the Protein Families
174(3)
Defense: Antiviral RNA Silencing Pathways
177(1)
Counter-Defense: Viral Suppressors of Silencing and Their Targets
178(3)
Viral Suppressors of Silencing and Endogenous Small Regulatory RNA Pathways
181(1)
References
182(5)
Chapter 9 Molecular Mechanisms Involved in the Interaction Between Tomato and Pseudomonas syringae pv. tomato
187(24)
Andre C. Velasquez
Gregory B. Martin
Introduction
187(1)
PAMP-Triggered Immunity in Solanaceae
188(4)
Pseudomonas syringae pv. tomato Virulence Mechanisms
192(5)
Effector-Triggered Immunity in Solanaceae
197(3)
Races of Pseudomonas syringae pv. tomato
200(1)
ETI Is Involved in Nonhost Resistance to Pseudomonas syringae Pathovars
200(1)
ETI Signaling Pathways in Solanaceae
201(2)
Conclusion
203(1)
Acknowledgments
204(1)
References
204(7)
Chapter 10 Cladosporium fulvum-Tomato Pathosystem: Fungal Infection Strategy and Plant Responses
211(14)
Bilal Okmen
Pierre J. G. M. de Wit
Introduction
211(1)
History of the Interaction Between C. fulvum and Tomato
212(1)
Compatible and Incompatible Interactions
212(7)
Cf-Mediated Downstream Signaling
219(1)
Effectors in Other Fungi with Similar Infection Strategies
220(1)
Conclusion
221(1)
References
221(4)
Chapter 11 Cucumber Mosaic Virus-Arabidopsis Interaction: Interplay of Virulence Strategies and Plant Responses
225(26)
Jack H. Westwood
John P. Carr
Introduction
225(1)
Biology of CMV
226(4)
Host Resistance Responses to Virus Infection
230(6)
Targeting of Host Factors by the Virus
236(1)
Phenomenon of Cross-Protection
237(1)
Functions of SA in Antiviral Defense
237(2)
Metabolic Responses to CMV Infection
239(1)
Vector-Mediated Transmission
240(2)
Conclusion
242(1)
Acknowledgments
242(1)
References
243(8)
Chapter 12 Future Prospects for Genetically Engineering Disease-Resistant Plants
251(26)
Yan-Jun Chen
Michael F. Lyngkjaer
David B. Collinge
Introduction
251(1)
Targets for Second-Generation Transgenic Strategies for Resistance
252(1)
Hormones
253(3)
Defense Modulation
256(4)
Transcription Factors
260(5)
Promoters for Transgenic Disease Resistance
265(1)
Implementation of Transgenic Resistance in the Field
266(1)
Why Choose a Transgenic Approach?
267(2)
Conclusion
269(1)
Acknowledgments
269(1)
References
269(8)
Index 277
Guido Sessa is Associate Professor of Molecular Plant Pathology in the Department of Molecular Biology and Ecology of Plants at Tel-Aviv University, Tel-Aviv, Israel.
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