Preface |
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xi | |
1 Introduction |
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1 | (10) |
2 Optical and Microwave Fundamentals |
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11 | (24) |
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2.1 Free Space Propagation of Electromagnetic Waves |
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11 | (5) |
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16 | (1) |
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17 | (4) |
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21 | (6) |
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2.5 Refraction and Reflection |
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27 | (4) |
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31 | (4) |
3 Optical Fibers |
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35 | (40) |
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3.1 Attenuation in Glass Fibers |
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47 | (8) |
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3.1.1 Attenuation Mechanisms in Glass Fibers |
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48 | (3) |
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3.1.2 Attenuation Measurement Techniques |
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51 | (4) |
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3.2 Dispersions in Fibers |
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55 | (20) |
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3.2.1 Dispersion Mechanisms in Fibers |
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56 | (7) |
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3.2.2 Polarization Mode Dispersion in Single-Mode Fibers |
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63 | (2) |
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3.2.3 Joint Action of Dispersion Mechanisms |
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65 | (3) |
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3.2.4 Dispersion Measurement Techniques |
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68 | (2) |
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3.2.5 Partial Dispersion Suppression by Soliton Transmission in Single-Mode Fibers |
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70 | (5) |
4 Fiber Manufacturing, Cabling and Coupling |
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75 | (64) |
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75 | (11) |
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4.1.1 Preparation of a Preform |
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75 | (7) |
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82 | (1) |
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4.1.3 Mechanical Properties of Optical Fibers |
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83 | (2) |
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4.1.4 Alternative Fiber Manufacturing Processes |
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85 | (1) |
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86 | (33) |
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4.2.1 Fibers for Telecom and Data Networks |
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86 | (8) |
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4.2.2 Cables: Applications, Operating Conditions and Requirements |
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94 | (6) |
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4.2.3 Fiber Protection and Identification in Cables |
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100 | (8) |
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108 | (3) |
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111 | (5) |
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116 | (1) |
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4.2.7 Optical Ground Wires |
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117 | (2) |
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4.2.8 Fiber Cabling Summary |
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119 | (1) |
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4.3 Coupling Elements for Fiber-Optic Systems |
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119 | (20) |
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4.3.1 Light Source-to-Fiber Coupling |
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120 | (6) |
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4.3.2 Fiber-to-Fiber Coupling |
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126 | (4) |
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4.3.3 Fiber-Optic Splices |
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130 | (1) |
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4.3.4 Fiber-Optic Connectors |
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131 | (2) |
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4.3.5 Fiber-Optic Couplers |
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133 | (4) |
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4.3.6 Fiber-Optic Switches |
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137 | (1) |
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4.3.7 Fiber-to-Detector Coupling |
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137 | (2) |
5 Integrated-Optic Components |
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139 | (10) |
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5.1 Integrated-Optic Waveguides |
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140 | (1) |
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5.2 Integrated-Optic Modulators |
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141 | (4) |
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5.3 Integrated-Optic Polarizers |
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145 | (1) |
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5.4 Integrated-Optic Filters |
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146 | (2) |
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5.5 Losses in Integrated-Optic Devices |
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148 | (1) |
6 Optical Light Sources and Drains |
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149 | (48) |
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6.1 Semiconductor Light Sources |
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154 | (31) |
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6.1.1 Light Emitting Diodes |
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156 | (4) |
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6.1.2 Semiconductor Lasers |
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160 | (25) |
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185 | (1) |
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6.2 Semiconductor Light Drains |
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185 | (12) |
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6.2.1 Types of Photodiodes |
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188 | (9) |
7 Optical Transmitter and Receiver Circuit Design |
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197 | (12) |
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7.1 Optical Transmitter Circuit Design |
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197 | (2) |
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7.2 Optical Receiver Circuit Design |
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199 | (10) |
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7.2.1 Receiver Circuit Concepts |
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201 | (5) |
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7.2.2 Noise in Optical Receivers |
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206 | (3) |
8 Fiber-Optic Amplifiers |
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209 | (6) |
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8.1 Erbium Doped Fiber Amplifiers |
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209 | (2) |
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8.2 Fiber Raman Amplifiers |
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211 | (4) |
9 Fiber- and Wireless-Optic Data Transmission |
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215 | (48) |
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9.1 Direct Transmission Systems as Point-to-Point Connections |
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217 | (10) |
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9.1.1 Unidirectional, Bidirectional and Multichannel Systems |
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225 | (2) |
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9.2 Orthogonal Frequency Division Multiplex (OFDM) Systems |
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227 | (6) |
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9.2.1 Approaches to Increase Channel Capacity |
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227 | (2) |
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9.2.2 Fundamentals of OFDM |
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229 | (1) |
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9.2.3 Implementation Options for Coherent Optical OFDM |
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230 | (2) |
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9.2.4 Nyquist Pulse Shaping as an Alternative to OFDM Systems |
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232 | (1) |
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9.3 Optical Satellite Communications |
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233 | (8) |
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9.3.1 Applications of Optical Satellite Communications |
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234 | (2) |
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9.3.2 Channel Characteristics and Technical Issues |
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236 | (5) |
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9.4 Coherent Transmission Systems |
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241 | (10) |
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9.4.1 Main Principle of Coherent Transmission |
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241 | (4) |
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245 | (2) |
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9.4.3 Modulation Methods for Coherent Transmission Systems |
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247 | (1) |
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9.4.4 Detection and Demodulation Methods for Coherent Transmission Systems |
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248 | (3) |
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9.5 Top Results on Fiber-Optic Transmission Capacity for High-Speed Long Distance |
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251 | (4) |
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9.6 Optical Fibers in Automation Technology |
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255 | (8) |
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9.6.1 Optical Fiber Cables |
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255 | (2) |
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257 | (1) |
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9.6.3 Network and Network Components |
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257 | (6) |
10 Last Mile Systems, In-House-Networks, LAN- and MAN-Applications |
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263 | (164) |
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269 | (37) |
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10.1.1 Special Case of Access Network |
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270 | (1) |
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10.1.2 Fiber Access Networks |
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271 | (4) |
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275 | (2) |
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10.1.4 Point-to-Point FTTH Networks |
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277 | (3) |
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10.1.5 Passive Optical Networks (PON) |
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280 | (5) |
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285 | (1) |
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10.1.7 Upgrade and Migration Issues in FTTH Networks |
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286 | (2) |
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10.1.8 Passive Fiber Plant |
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288 | (9) |
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10.1.9 Development and standardization of FTTH technologies |
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297 | (3) |
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300 | (5) |
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305 | (1) |
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10.2 Polymer Optical Fibers, POF |
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306 | (22) |
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306 | (6) |
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10.2.2 Techniques for Data Transmission over POF |
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312 | (7) |
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10.2.3 In-House Communications |
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319 | (2) |
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10.2.4 Communications in Transportation Systems: From Automotive to Spatial |
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321 | (4) |
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10.2.5 Standardization Activities |
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325 | (3) |
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10.3 Radio over Fiber (RoF) Systems |
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328 | (21) |
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10.3.1 Key Enabling Technologies |
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331 | (6) |
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10.3.2 RoF Land Network Design |
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337 | (7) |
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10.3.3 Case Study of the Proposed Design Framework |
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344 | (5) |
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349 | (1) |
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10.4 Free Space Optical Communications |
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349 | (28) |
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10.4.1 FSO under Turbulence Conditions |
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352 | (4) |
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356 | (2) |
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10.4.3 System Performance under Weak Turbulence |
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358 | (3) |
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10.4.4 FSO Link Evaluation |
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361 | (2) |
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10.4.5 Relation to Outdoor FSO Link |
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363 | (1) |
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10.4.6 FSO under Fog Conditions |
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364 | (2) |
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10.4.7 Characterization of Fog and Smoke Attenuation in a Laboratory Chamber |
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366 | (1) |
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10.4.8 Fog and Smoke Channel — Experiment Set-up |
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367 | (2) |
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10.4.9 Results and Discussion |
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369 | (7) |
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376 | (1) |
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10.5 WLAN Systems and Fiber Networks |
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377 | (22) |
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10.5.1 A Historical Perspective on IEEE 802.11 WLANs |
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380 | (6) |
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10.5.2 Relevant Operating Principles of WLAN Systems |
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386 | (6) |
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10.5.3 Hybrid Fiber-Wireless Network Architectures: Wi-Fi-based FiWi Architectures |
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392 | (7) |
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10.6 Energy Efficiency Aspects in Optical Access and Core Networks |
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399 | (28) |
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10.6.1 Energy Efficiency in Current and Next Generation Optical Access Networks |
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399 | (1) |
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10.6.2 Energy Efficient Time Division Multiplexed Passive Optical Networks |
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400 | (6) |
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10.6.3 Energy Efficient Time and Wavelength Division Multiplexed Passive Optical Networks |
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406 | (7) |
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10.6.4 Spectral and Energy Efficiency Considerations in Single Rate WDM Networks with Signal Quality Guarantee |
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413 | (7) |
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10.6.5 Spectral versus Energy Efficiency in Mixed-Line Rate WDM Systems with Signal Quality Guarantee |
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420 | (3) |
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10.6.6 Results and Discussion |
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423 | (4) |
11 Optical Data-Bus and Microwave Systems for Automotive Application in Vehicles, Airplanes and Ships |
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427 | (36) |
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11.1 Communication in Transportation Systems |
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427 | (11) |
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11.1.1 Communication Needs in Transportation Systems |
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428 | (5) |
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11.1.2 Communication with Transportation Systems |
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433 | (2) |
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11.1.3 Hybrid Networks for use in Transportation Systems |
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435 | (3) |
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11.2 Radar for Transportation Systems |
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438 | (25) |
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11.2.1 ARVS Main Features |
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441 | (5) |
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11.2.2 Features of ARVS Equipment Construction |
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446 | (9) |
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11.2.3 Main Tasks and Processing Methods of Radar Data in the ARVS |
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455 | (5) |
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11.2.4 Main Problems and Tasks of ARVS Development |
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460 | (1) |
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461 | (2) |
References |
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463 | (34) |
Index |
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497 | |