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E-book: Richer Picture of Mathematics: The Gottingen Tradition and Beyond

  • Format: EPUB+DRM
  • Pub. Date: 13-Feb-2018
  • Publisher: Springer International Publishing AG
  • Language: eng
  • ISBN-13: 9783319678191
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  • Format: EPUB+DRM
  • Pub. Date: 13-Feb-2018
  • Publisher: Springer International Publishing AG
  • Language: eng
  • ISBN-13: 9783319678191

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Historian David E. Rowe captures the rich tapestry of mathematical creativity in this collection of essays from the “Years Ago” column of The Mathematical Intelligencer. With topics ranging from ancient Greek mathematics to modern relativistic cosmology, this collection conveys the impetus and spirit of Rowe’s various and many-faceted contributions to the history of mathematics. Centered on the Göttingen mathematical tradition, these stories illuminate important facets of mathematical activity often overlooked in other accounts. 

Six sections place the essays in chronological and thematic order, beginning with new introductions that contextualize each section. The essays that follow recount episodes relating to the section’s overall theme. All of the essays in this collection, with the exception of two, appeared over the course of more than 30 years in The Mathematical Intelligencer. Based largely on archival and primary sources, these vignettes offer unusual insights into behind-the-scenes events. Taken together, they aim to show how Göttingen managed to attract an extraordinary array of talented individuals, several of whom contributed to the development of a new mathematical culture during the first decades of the twentieth century. 

Part I: Two Rival Centers: Gottingen vs. Berlin
1 Introduction to Part I
3(16)
2 On Gauss and Gaussian Legends: A Quiz
19(10)
Answers to the Gauss Quiz
21(8)
3 Gauss, Dirichlet, and the Law of Biquadratic Reciprocity
29(12)
4 Episodes in the Berlin-Gottingen Rivalry, 1870-1930
41(10)
5 Deine Sonia: A Reading from a Burned Letter by Reinhard Bolling,
Translated by D. E. Rowe
51(6)
6 Who Linked Hegel's Philosophy with the History of Mathematics?
57(12)
Answers to the Hegel Quiz
60(1)
Kummer's Hegelian Orientation
61(1)
Steiner's Roman Surface
62(2)
Addendum: Plane Sections of a Steiner Surface (Computer Graphics by Oliver Labs)
64(5)
Part II: The Young Felix Klein
7 Introduction to Part II
69(12)
8 Models as Research Tools: Plucker, Klein, and Kummer Surfaces
81(14)
Models as Artefacts for Discovery
83(2)
A Context for Discovery: Geometric Optics
85(1)
Kununer's Seven Models
86(3)
Models in Standardized Production
89(3)
Appendix
92(3)
9 Debating Grassmann's Mathematics: Schlegel vs. Klein
95(10)
Grassmann's Ausdehnungslehre
95(1)
Mathematics at University and Gynmasium
96(2)
Professionalisation and Patterns of Reception
98(1)
Promoting Grassmannian Mathematics at the Gymnasium
99(1)
Klein's Critique
100(1)
Schlegel' s Response
101(4)
10 Three Letters from Sophus Lie to Felix Klein on Mathematics in Paris
105(6)
11 Klein, Mittag-Leffler, and the Klein-Poincare Correspondence of 1881-1882
111(26)
Launching Acta Mathematica
111(2)
Klein's Projective Riemann Surfaces
113(2)
Klein's Influence on American Mathematics
115(5)
Klein's Leipzig Seminar
120(4)
Poincare s Breakthrough
124(1)
"Name ist Schall and Rauch"
125(2)
On Cultivating Scientific Relations
127(3)
Delayed Publication of the Klein-Poincare Correspondence
130(2)
Archival Sources
132(5)
Part III: David Hilbert Steps Onstage
12 Introduction to Part III
137(14)
13 Hilbert's Early Career
151(20)
From Konigsberg to Gottingen
151(1)
Hilbert in Konigsberg
152(4)
Entering Klein's Circle
156(2)
Encounters with Allies and Rivals
158(1)
Returning from Paris
158(3)
A Second Encounter with Kronecker
161(1)
Tackling Gordan's Problem
162(2)
Mathematics as Theology
164(2)
A Final Tour de Force
166(1)
Killing Off a Mathematical Theory
167(4)
14 Klein, Hurwitz, and the "Jewish Question" in German Academia
171(12)
Klein's Most Talented Student
172(3)
Hurwitz in G6ttingen and Konigsberg
175(1)
Playing the Game of "Mathematical Chairs"
176(2)
Paul Gordan to Felix Klein, 16 April, 1892
178(2)
The "Jewish Question" Reconsidered
180(2)
Appendix: Two Tributes to Adolf Hurwitz
182(1)
Max Born Recalling Hurwitz as a Teacher
182(1)
George Polya on Hurwitz as a Colleague
182(1)
15 On the Background to Hilbert's Paris Lecture "Mathematical Problems"
183(12)
From Konigsberg to Gottingen
184(1)
Algebraic Number Fields
184(2)
Foundations of Geometry
186(2)
Munich, September 1899
188(1)
Minkowski's Sage Advice
189(2)
On Mathematical Knowledge
191(4)
16 Poincare Week in Gottingen, 22-28 April 1909
195(10)
Program for Poincare Week
197(1)
Opening of Poincare Week, April 22-29, 1909
197(1)
For Klein on His 60th Birthday, April 25, 1909
198(2)
Hilbert on Poincare's Conventionalism and Cantor's Theory of Transfinite Numbers
200(5)
Part IV: Mathematics and the Relativity Revolution
17 Introduction to Part IV
205(14)
18 Hermann Minkowski's Cologne Lecture, "Raum und Zeit"
219(14)
Minkowski's Partnership with Hilbert
223(2)
Plans for Hilbert's Paris Lecture
225(1)
Boltzmann and the Energetics Debates
226(2)
Minkowskian Physics
228(1)
On Canonizing a Classic
229(4)
19 Max von Laue's Role in the Relativity Revolution
233(10)
Einstein's Obsolete Account of SR
234(2)
New Math for Physicists
236(1)
Laue's Influence on Einstein
237(1)
Laue's Slow Acceptance of General Relativity
238(5)
20 Euclidean Geometry and Physical Space
243(10)
Gauss and the Advent of Non-Euclidean Geometry
249(4)
21 The Mathematicians' Happy Hunting Ground: Einstein's General Theory of Relativity
253(10)
Einstein in Berlin and Gottingen
253(1)
The Schwarzschild Solution
254(2)
Relativity and Differential Geometry
256(2)
Einstein's Enemies: The Anti-relativists
258(2)
Appendix: Text of an Article by Hilbert and Born in the Frankfurter Zeitung
260(1)
Soldner und Einstein
260(3)
22 Einstein's Gravitational Field Equations and the Bianchi Identities
263(10)
Introduction
263(3)
Einstein's Field Equations
266(1)
General Relativity in Gottingen
267(1)
On Rediscovering the Bianchi Identities
268(5)
23 Puzzles and Paradoxes and Their (Sometimes) Profounder Implications
273(6)
Implications for Foundations of Geometry
273(2)
Doodlings of a Physicist
275(2)
On Machian Thought Experiments
277(2)
24 Debating Relativistic Cosmology, 1917-1924
279(22)
Introduction
279(2)
Cosmological Combatants
281(3)
De Sitter's Non-Machian Universe
284(2)
Geometric Motifs: Felix Klein
286(2)
Einstein on the Counterattack
288(2)
Confronting Space-Time Singularities
290(3)
On Losing Track of Time in de Sitter Space
293(2)
Einstein's Ether as Carrier of Inertia
295(2)
On the Persistence of Static Cosmologies
297(4)
25 Remembering an Era: Roger Penrose's Paper on "Gravitational Collapse: The Role of General Relativity"
301(14)
Part V: Gottingen in the Era of Hilbert and Courant
26 Introduction to Part V
315(16)
27 Hermann Weyl, The Reluctant Revolutionary
331(12)
On the Roots of Weyl's Ensuing Conflict with Hilbert
333(5)
Weyl's Emotional Attachment to Intuitionism
338(5)
28 Transforming Tradition: Richard Courant in Gottingen
343(14)
Biography and Oral History
345(1)
Counterfactual Courant Stories
346(5)
Courant as Innovator
351(6)
29 Otto Neugebauer and the Gottingen Approach to History of the Exact Sciences
357(12)
Neugebauer's Cornell Lectures
358(1)
Neugebauer and Courant in Gottingen
359(1)
Neugebauer's Revisionist Approach to Greek Mathematics
360(4)
Greek Mathematics Reconsidered
364(5)
30 On the Myriad Mathematical Traditions of Ancient Greece
369(6)
31 The Old Guard Under a New Order: K.O. Friedrichs Meets Felix Klein
375(4)
32 An Enchanted Era Remembered: Interview with Dirk Jan Struik
379(16)
Part VI: People and Legacies
33 Introduction to Part VI
395(12)
34 Is (Was) Mathematics an Art or a Science?
407(6)
35 Coxeter on People and Polytopes
413(8)
Coxeter's Heroes
414(2)
Coxeter on the Intuitive Approach to the Fourth Dimension
416(2)
Coxeter as Promoter of Geometrical Art
418(3)
36 Mathematics in Wartime: Private Reflections of Clifford Truesdell
421(14)
Building Applied Mathematics at Brown
423(4)
Truesdell's Private Reflections
427(2)
A Participant's Perspective
429(2)
Truesdell Looks Back
431(4)
37 Hilbert's Legacy: Projecting the Future and Assessing the Past at the 1946 Princeton Bicentennial Conference
435(10)
Hilbert's Inspirations
436(1)
Princeton Agendas
436(2)
Nativism Versus Internationalism in American Mathematics
438(1)
A Rivalry Lives on
439(3)
Taking Stock
442(3)
38 Personal Reflections on Dirk Jan Struik
445(8)
Joseph W. Dauben
Introduction: Dirk Struik and the History of Mathematics
445(2)
Personal Reflections on Dirk Jan Struik
447(6)
Joseph W. Dauben
Name Index 453
David E. Rowe is professor emeritus for history of mathematics and natural sciences at the Johannes Gutenberg University in Mainz. He studied mathematics (Ph.D. 1981) and history of science (M.A. 1980) at the University of Oklahoma and then took a second doctorate in history at the CUNY Graduate Center, while teaching for ten years at Pace University in New York. Rowe spent two years in Göttingen as a fellow of the Alexander von Humboldt Stiftung, and much of his research relates to the Göttingen mathematical tradition. He has written or edited over 100 books and articles and has been invited to lecture at many institutions throughout Europe and North America. With Robert Schulmann he co-edited the sourcebook Einstein on Politics: His Private Thoughts and Public Stands on Nationalism, Zionism, War, Peace, and the Bomb, Princeton, 2007.