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About the Editors |
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xxiv | |
About the Contributors |
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xxv | |
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1 | (50) |
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1 The Importance of Feedback to Performance |
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3 | (8) |
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3 | (1) |
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1.2 The Need for Valid and Reliable Feedback |
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4 | (2) |
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6 | (1) |
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1.4 Presenting Visual Feedback to Athletes |
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7 | (1) |
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1.5 Precision and Timing of Feedback |
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8 | (1) |
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1.6 Feedback and Attentional Focus |
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9 | (1) |
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9 | (2) |
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2 What is Performance Analysis? |
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11 | (10) |
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11 | (5) |
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11 | (1) |
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2.1.2 The Applications of Notation |
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12 | (1) |
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2.1.2.1 Tactical Evaluation |
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12 | (1) |
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2.1.2.2 Technical Evaluation |
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13 | (1) |
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2.1.2.3 Movement Analysis |
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14 | (1) |
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2.1.2.4 Development of a Database and Modelling |
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15 | (1) |
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2.1.2.5 Educational Applications |
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16 | (1) |
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2.2 Biomechanics -- What Is the Biomechanical View of Performance Analysis? |
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16 | (3) |
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19 | (2) |
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3 Project Management Issues in Performance Analysis |
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21 | (11) |
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3.1 The Role of the Performance Analyst in the Coaching Process |
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21 | (1) |
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3.2 About Project Management in General |
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22 | (3) |
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3.3 The Adaptation of Project Management Issues in PA: "Life Cycle of Providing Objective Feedback" |
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25 | (7) |
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27 | (1) |
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28 | (2) |
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3.3.3 Execution/Implementation and Monitoring |
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30 | (1) |
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31 | (1) |
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4 A Pedagogical Approach to Performance Analysis in Physical Education |
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32 | (9) |
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4.1 The Role of the Domains in Physical Education |
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32 | (4) |
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32 | (1) |
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33 | (3) |
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4.2 Bloom Taxonomy in Performance Analysis in Physical Education and in the Coaching Process |
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36 | (4) |
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37 | (1) |
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38 | (1) |
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39 | (1) |
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40 | (1) |
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5 Video-Based Technologies |
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41 | (10) |
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5.1 Augmented Feedback in Elite Sports: True "Need" or "Fashion"? |
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41 | (1) |
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5.2 Extrinsic and Intrinsic Feedback in Sports |
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42 | (1) |
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5.3 Feedback, Video and Motor Learning |
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43 | (2) |
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5.4 Qualitative Feedback and Quantification of Performance Using Video-Based Technologies |
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45 | (1) |
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5.5 Modeling and Learning from Simulation: Feedback about Differences between Simulated and Observed Performance |
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46 | (1) |
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5.6 Watching versus Performing Movements in Virtual and Real Environments |
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47 | (1) |
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5.7 Video Technology and Temporal Feedback |
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48 | (1) |
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5.8 Immediacy as a Prerequisite for the Effective Use of Feedback during Skill Acquisition |
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49 | (1) |
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49 | (2) |
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SECTION II The Methodology of Notational Analysis |
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51 | (90) |
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6 The Use of Performance Indicators in Performance Analysis |
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53 | (22) |
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53 | (6) |
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6.2 Analysis of Game Structures |
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59 | (14) |
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59 | (2) |
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6.2.1.1 Match Classification Indicators |
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61 | (1) |
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6.2.1.2 Technical Indicators |
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62 | (1) |
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6.2.1.3 Tactical Indicators |
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63 | (1) |
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6.2.1.4 Biomechanical Indicators |
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63 | (1) |
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64 | (1) |
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65 | (2) |
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6.2.2.2 Technical Indicators |
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67 | (1) |
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6.2.2.3 Tactical Indicators |
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67 | (1) |
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6.2.2.4 Biomechanical Indicators |
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68 | (1) |
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6.2.3 Striking and Fielding Games |
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69 | (1) |
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69 | (1) |
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6.2.3.2 Technical Indicators |
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70 | (1) |
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6.2.3.3 Tactical Indicators |
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70 | (1) |
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6.2.3.4 Biomechanical Indicators |
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71 | (2) |
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6.3 Summary and Conclusions |
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73 | (2) |
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75 | (11) |
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75 | (6) |
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7.2 Levels of Analysis -- The Team, Subsidiary Units and Individuals |
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81 | (4) |
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85 | (1) |
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8 How to Develop a Notation System |
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86 | (22) |
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8.1 Data Collection Systems |
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86 | (7) |
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86 | (2) |
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88 | (1) |
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8.1.3 Sequential Data Systems |
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89 | (4) |
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8.2 Data Collection Systems in General |
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93 | (2) |
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95 | (3) |
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8.3.1 A Cricket Notation System |
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95 | (2) |
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8.3.2 Examples of Analysis of Cricket Data |
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97 | (1) |
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8.4 General Steps in Analysis |
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98 | (3) |
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8.5 Different Types of Data |
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101 | (5) |
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8.5.1 General or Summary Data |
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101 | (1) |
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8.5.2 Frequency Distributions |
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101 | (5) |
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8.5.3 Sequentially Dependent Data |
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106 | (1) |
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106 | (2) |
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9 Examples of Notation Systems |
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108 | (33) |
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108 | (10) |
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9.1.1 A Notation System for Tennis |
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108 | (5) |
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9.1.2 A Notation System for Boxing |
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113 | (5) |
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118 | (22) |
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9.2.1 A Notation System for Basketball |
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118 | (3) |
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9.2.2 A Notation System for Soccer |
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121 | (6) |
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9.2.3 A Notation System for Netball |
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127 | (4) |
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9.2.4 A Motion Analysis of Work-Rate in Different Positional Roles in Field Hockey |
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131 | (9) |
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140 | (1) |
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SECTION III Current Issues of Performance Analysis |
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141 | (162) |
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10 Reliability Issues in Sports Performance Analysis |
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143 | (18) |
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10.1 Measurement Issues in Performance Analysis |
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143 | (5) |
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143 | (1) |
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144 | (1) |
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145 | (1) |
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10.1.4 Consistency and Completeness Checking |
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146 | (1) |
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10.1.5 Representativeness |
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147 | (1) |
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10.1.6 Performance Indicators |
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148 | (1) |
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10.2 Reliability Statistics |
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148 | (8) |
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148 | (1) |
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10.2.2 Preparing Data for Reliability Assessment |
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149 | (2) |
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10.2.3 Reliability of Output Frequencies |
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151 | (1) |
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10.2.4 Reliability of Raw Input Data |
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152 | (4) |
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10.3 Relating Reliability to the Analytical Goals of Studies |
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156 | (4) |
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160 | (1) |
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11 The Statistical Processes of Identifying KPIs in a Sport, Using Basketball as an Example |
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161 | (11) |
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11.1 Introduction -- Statistical Procedures |
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161 | (1) |
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11.1.1 Performance Indicators that Distinguish Winning and Losing Teams in Basketball |
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161 | (1) |
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11.2 Identification of Performance Indicators Considering Score Difference |
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162 | (4) |
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163 | (1) |
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164 | (1) |
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164 | (2) |
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11.3 Principal-Component Analysis of Basketball Performance Indicators |
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166 | (5) |
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166 | (2) |
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168 | (1) |
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169 | (2) |
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171 | (1) |
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12 Sport Analytics as a Tool for Effective Decision-Making |
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172 | (12) |
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172 | (6) |
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12.1.1 Bounded Rationality Theory in Basketball |
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172 | (2) |
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12.1.2 Uncertainty, Risk and Complexity in Sports |
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174 | (3) |
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12.1.3 Offensive Strategy in Basketball |
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177 | (1) |
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12.2 The Role of Statistics in Sports |
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178 | (5) |
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12.2.1 The Traps in Using Statistical Methods |
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180 | (1) |
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12.2.2 The Trap of Averages |
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181 | (2) |
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183 | (1) |
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13 Qualitative Biomechanical Analysis of Technique |
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184 | (12) |
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13.1 Observational Strategies |
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184 | (5) |
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185 | (1) |
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13.1.2 Phase Analysis Model |
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185 | (2) |
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13.1.3 Morphological Approach |
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187 | (2) |
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189 | (3) |
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189 | (2) |
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13.2.2 Software for Windows |
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191 | (1) |
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192 | (4) |
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192 | (1) |
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192 | (2) |
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194 | (1) |
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195 | (1) |
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14 Probability Analysis of Sports Contests: Skill and Chance |
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196 | (11) |
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196 | (1) |
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14.2 Probability: Stationarity and Independence |
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196 | (1) |
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14.3 Taking a Random Walk in a Field of Probabilities |
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197 | (2) |
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14.4 Investigating Sports Contests Using Probability Analysis |
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199 | (1) |
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14.5 Football: The Penalty Shoot-Out |
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199 | (3) |
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14.6 Football: Passing Sequences and Goals Scored |
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202 | (2) |
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14.7 Football: Expected Goals |
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204 | (1) |
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14.8 On the Requirement for Invariant Data |
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205 | (1) |
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205 | (2) |
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15 Applied Motion Analysis |
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207 | (8) |
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207 | (2) |
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15.2 GPS Use in Team Sports |
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209 | (4) |
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15.3 Local Positioning Systems |
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213 | (1) |
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15.4 Optical Tracking in Sport |
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213 | (1) |
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214 | (1) |
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16 Momentum and "Hot Hands" |
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215 | (21) |
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16.1 The "Hot Hands" Myth |
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215 | (1) |
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16.2 Momentum through Notational Analysis Studies |
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216 | (18) |
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16.2.1 Momentum Graphs -- The Beginning in Squash |
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217 | (5) |
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16.2.2 Examining the Patterns within the Graphs |
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222 | (3) |
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16.2.3 Perturbations in Sports Match Play |
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225 | (7) |
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16.2.4 Momentum and Perturbations in Other Team Sports |
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232 | (2) |
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234 | (2) |
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17 Dynamical Systems Theory and "Perturbations" |
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236 | (30) |
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236 | (1) |
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17.2 What is a Dynamical System? |
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236 | (2) |
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17.3 The Features of a Dynamical System |
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238 | (4) |
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17.4 Inter-Personal Coordination |
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242 | (4) |
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246 | (19) |
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248 | (1) |
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249 | (1) |
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249 | (4) |
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17.5.3.1 Perturbations not Leading to Shots on Goal |
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253 | (2) |
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17.5.3.2 Creating a Performance Profile Using Perturbations in Soccer -- A Case Study of Arsenal |
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255 | (6) |
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17.5.4 General Results in Squash |
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261 | (4) |
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265 | (1) |
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18 Rule Changes in Sport and the Role of Notation |
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266 | (15) |
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266 | (3) |
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18.2 Natural Development and Progression |
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269 | (3) |
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18.3 Entertainment, Commercial and Media |
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272 | (2) |
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18.4 The Role of Notational Analysis in Tracking the Effect of Rule Changes |
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274 | (3) |
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277 | (3) |
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280 | (1) |
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19 Notational Analysis of Coaching Behaviour |
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281 | (13) |
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281 | (1) |
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19.2 Evolution of the Analysis of Coaching Behaviour |
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282 | (2) |
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19.2.1 A Historical Perspective |
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282 | (1) |
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19.2.2 Systematic Observation Instruments |
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282 | (2) |
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19.3 Purpose and Examples of Published Work |
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284 | (8) |
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19.3.1 Building a Knowledge Base of Coaching Behaviour |
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285 | (1) |
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19.3.2 Building a Knowledge Base Related to the Impact of Coaching Behaviours |
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285 | (1) |
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19.3.3 Developing Effective Coaching Behaviours |
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286 | (6) |
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292 | (2) |
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20 Performance Analysis in Elite Masters Football: Strategic Team and Player Development Implications |
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294 | (9) |
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20.1 Theoretical Underpinnings for Performance Analysis in Elite Masters Football |
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294 | (2) |
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20.2 Conceptual Framework: A Performance Analysis Framework to Enhance Strategic Team and Player Development in Elite 055+ Masters Small-Sided Football Contexts |
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296 | (2) |
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20.3 Case Study Application |
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298 | (2) |
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20.3.1 HIPC (Tournament-Specific Challenge) |
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298 | (1) |
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20.3.2 HITC, HITD and HITO (Tournament-Specific Challenge) |
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299 | (1) |
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300 | (1) |
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301 | (2) |
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SECTION IV Profiling in Sport with Examples |
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303 | (90) |
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305 | (23) |
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21.1 Processes in Creating Performance Profiles |
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305 | (21) |
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21.1.1 Performance Indicators |
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305 | (3) |
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21.1.2 Analysis of the Relative Importance of Performance Indicators |
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308 | (2) |
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310 | (1) |
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21.1.4 Establishing the Stability of Performance Profiles |
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311 | (1) |
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21.1.4.1 Empirical Methods |
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311 | (1) |
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21.1.4.2 Confidence Intervals |
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312 | (1) |
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21.1.4.3 Normative Profiles of Sports Performance (O'Donoghue, 2005) |
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313 | (2) |
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21.1.5 Comparing Sets of Data |
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315 | (2) |
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21.1.6 Presenting Performance Profiles |
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317 | (1) |
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21.1.6.1 Empirical Models |
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318 | (1) |
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319 | (7) |
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326 | (2) |
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22 Example of Profiling Techniques: Profiling in Soccer |
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328 | (25) |
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328 | (1) |
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22.2 Example 1 -- Individual Roles within a Team Framework -- the PIs |
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328 | (6) |
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329 | (5) |
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22.3 Example 2 -- Learning from Crossing and Shooting in the 1986 and 1998 World Cups For Soccer |
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334 | (6) |
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22.4 Example 3 -- Analysis of Penalties Taken in Shoot-Outs |
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340 | (11) |
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351 | (2) |
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23 Example of Profiling Techniques: Performance Profiling in Squash |
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353 | (11) |
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353 | (1) |
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354 | (3) |
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354 | (1) |
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354 | (1) |
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23.2.3 Real-Time Analysis System |
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355 | (1) |
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23.2.4 Lapse-Time Analysis System |
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355 | (2) |
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23.3 Results and Discussion |
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357 | (6) |
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363 | (1) |
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24 Profiling in Canoeing -- A Practical Example |
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364 | (6) |
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364 | (1) |
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24.2 Performance Indicators |
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365 | (3) |
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24.2.1 Examining Performance Indicators (PIs) |
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365 | (1) |
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365 | (1) |
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366 | (1) |
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367 | (1) |
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24.2.1.4 Implications for Coaching |
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367 | (1) |
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368 | (2) |
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25 Performance Profiling in Rugby Union |
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370 | (23) |
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370 | (1) |
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25.2 Performance Indicators (PIs) |
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371 | (1) |
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371 | (1) |
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25.4 Performance Profiles in Rugby |
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372 | (1) |
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373 | (16) |
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373 | (1) |
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25.5.2 Results and Discussion |
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374 | (10) |
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384 | (1) |
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25.5.4 Performance Profiles in Rugby |
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385 | (4) |
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389 | (1) |
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25.7 Moneyball and Rugby Union |
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390 | (1) |
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390 | (3) |
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SECTION V Careers in Performance Analysis |
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393 | (18) |
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395 | (12) |
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26.1 Reasons Why We Look to Accredit and Why It Is Important for Independent Bodies |
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395 | (1) |
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26.2 How We Approached Creating the Accreditation System |
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396 | (1) |
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26.3 Four Major Streams Identified |
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396 | (1) |
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26.4 Individual Accreditation |
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397 | (2) |
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26.4.1 Data -- Core Competency |
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397 | (1) |
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397 | (1) |
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398 | (1) |
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26.4.4 Video -- Core Competency |
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398 | (1) |
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26.5 Academic -- Specialist Competency |
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399 | (1) |
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399 | (1) |
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399 | (1) |
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26.6 Applied -- Specialist Competency |
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400 | (1) |
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26.6.1 Data Visualisation |
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400 | (1) |
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26.6.2 Systems Development |
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400 | (1) |
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401 | (1) |
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26.8 Departmental Accreditation |
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401 | (1) |
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26.8.1 Data -- Core Competency |
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401 | (1) |
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26.9 Video -- Core Competency |
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402 | (1) |
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26.10 Academic -- Specialist Competency |
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403 | (1) |
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26.11 Applied -- Specialist Competency |
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404 | (1) |
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405 | (2) |
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27 Cooperation between Performance Analysts and Sport Data Analysts |
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407 | (4) |
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27.1 Ongoing Issues about Sport Data Analytics |
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407 | (2) |
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27.2 The Significance of the Cooperation between Performance Analysts and Sport Data Analysts -- A Challenge to Fulfil! |
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409 | (1) |
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410 | (1) |
References and Bibliography |
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411 | (44) |
Index |
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455 | |