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E-book: Eye Movement Desensitization and Reprocessing (EMDR) Therapy: Basic Principles, Protocols, and Procedures

4.34/5 (1237 ratings by Goodreads)
(PhD (deceased), United States)
  • Format: 568 pages
  • Pub. Date: 20-Nov-2017
  • Publisher: Guilford Press
  • Language: eng
  • ISBN-13: 9781462532780
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  • Format: 568 pages
  • Pub. Date: 20-Nov-2017
  • Publisher: Guilford Press
  • Language: eng
  • ISBN-13: 9781462532780

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The authoritative presentation of Eye Movement Desensitization and Reprocessing (EMDR) therapy, this groundbreaking book--now revised and expanded--has enhanced the clinical repertoires of more than 100,000 readers and has been translated into 10 languages. Originally developed for treatment of posttraumatic stress disorder (PTSD), this evidence-based approach is now also used to treat adults and children with complex trauma, anxiety disorders, depression, addictive behavior problems, and other clinical problems. EMDR originator Francine Shapiro reviews the therapy's theoretical and empirical underpinnings, details the eight phases of treatment, and provides training materials and resources. Vivid vignettes, transcripts, and reproducible forms are included. Purchasers get access to a Web page where they can download and print the reproducible materials in a convenient 8 1/2" x 11" size.
 
New to This Edition
*Over 15 years of important advances in therapy and research, including findings from clinical and neurophysiological studies.
*New and revised protocols and procedures.
*Discusses additional applications: treatment of complex trauma, addictions, pain, depression, and moral injury, as well as post-disaster response.
*Appendices with session transcripts, clinical aids, and tools for assessing treatment integrity and outcomes.
 
EMDR therapy is recognized as a best practice for the treatment of PTSD by the U.S. Departments of Veterans Affairs and Defense, the International Society for Traumatic Stress Studies, the World Health Organization, the U.K. National Institute for Health and Care Excellence (NICE), the Australian National Health and Medical Research Council, the Association of the Scientific Medical Societies in Germany, and other health care associations/institutes around the world.

Reviews

"This third edition provides an updated and comprehensive--yet very accessible--description of Shapiro's pioneering technique. Shapiro has consistently promoted research to substantiate the efficacy of EMDR therapy and has also incorporated the feedback she has received from both clinicians and clients. EMDR is a sophisticated, highly integrative treatment that draws from a variety of theoretical orientations. It is experiential and client centered, with the goal of assisting clients to reprocess and heal from their dysfunctional storage of trauma-based material. This book should be in the libraries of all clinicians--it has changed the way trauma is treated and has broad applicability to myriad other mental health conditions."--Christine A. Courtois, PhD, ABPP, private practice (retired), Washington, DC; consultant and trainer, trauma psychology and treatment, Bethany Beach, Delaware

"An excellent resource on an important evidence-based treatment for traumatic stress. This book is relevant for all practitioners interested in EMDR therapy, including novices as well as those who already use the approach. The third edition offers a wealth of detail to guide the reader in applying EMDR across a range of clinical presentations. Highly recommended."--David Forbes, PhD, Professor, Department of Psychiatry, University of Melbourne; Director, Phoenix Australia--Centre for Posttraumatic Mental Health

"EMDR revolutionized the treatment of PTSD and has emerged as a front-line therapy for multiple forms of psychological trauma. The third edition of this foundational work underscores EMDR's integrative nature, research support, and sensitive adaptations to diverse populations. The clinical aids, client transcripts, and fidelity scales will prove a boon to practitioners and researchers alike."--John C. Norcross, PhD, ABPP, Distinguished Professor of Psychology, University of Scranton

"It's not easy to take a classic and improve on it, but that's what Shapiro has done in this third edition, with her usual combination of incisive writing, scientific rigor, and deep compassion for human suffering. The strength of EMDR's research base is now available in one easily accessible place, a testament to Shapiro's decades of insistence that no matter how clinically useful EMDR therapy might be, it needs to be supported by empirical data. The book clearly describes applications to the range of posttraumatic responses as well as other clinical problems. It is truly a gift for clinicians--and our clients."--Laura S. Brown, PhD, ABPP, past president, Division of Trauma Psychology, American Psychological Association; private practice, Seattle, Washington

"The third edition expands on EMDR's proposed mechanisms of action and presents updated research beyond posttraumatic stress disorder, including applications for complex problems such as addictions and dissociative disorder. It is especially encouraging to see the link between trauma and addiction made clear, given the worldwide epidemic that addiction has become."--Susan Brown, LCSW, private practice, La Mesa, California -

1 Background 1(24)
A Chance Discovery
7(1)
The First Controlled Study
8(3)
Further Clinical and Experimental Observations
11(1)
Shift in Paradigm
12(3)
Adaptive Information Processing
15(4)
Theoretical Convergences
19(5)
Posttraumatic Stress Disorder
19(1)
Psychodynamic Approaches
20(1)
Cognitive-Behavioral Approaches
20(3)
Integrative Approach
23(1)
Summary and Conclusions
24(1)
2 Adaptive Information Processing: The Model as a Working Hypothesis 25(28)
Information Processing
26(4)
Bilateral Dual Attention Stimulation
29(1)
Memory Networks
30(1)
A Sample EMDR Session
31(5)
Partial Transcript of the Sample Session
32(4)
Evaluation of the Sample Session
36(1)
Dysfunctional to Functional
36(1)
Disparate Neural Networks
37(1)
Applications of EMDR Therapy to Other Disorders
38(3)
Static Experience: Affect and Belief Statements
41(2)
Resolution
43(1)
Frozen in Childhood
44(1)
"Time-Free" Psychotherapy
45(2)
Targets
47(2)
Access Restricted to Negative Material
47(1)
Memory Lapses
48(1)
Dissociation
48(1)
Integrated Psychotherapy
49(2)
Summary and Conclusions
51(2)
3 Components of EMDR Therapy and Basic Treatment Effects 53(32)
Basic Components of the EMDR Processing Targets
53(7)
The Image
54(1)
The Negative Cognition
54(2)
The Positive Cognition
56(3)
The Emotions and Their Level of Disturbance
59(1)
The Physical Sensations
60(1)
Activating the Information-Processing System
60(5)
Eye Movements
61(3)
Alternative Forms of Stimulation
64(1)
The Eight Phases of EMDR Therapy
65(6)
Phase One: Client History and Treatment Planning
65(1)
Phase Two: Preparation
66(1)
Phase Three: Assessment
67(1)
Phase Four: Desensitization
68(1)
Phase Five: Installation
68(2)
Phase Six: Body Scan
70(1)
Phase Seven: Closure
70(1)
Phase Eight: Reevaluation
71(1)
Standard Three-Pronged EMDR Therapy Protocol
71(1)
Choosing a Target
71(2)
Patterns of Response
73(9)
Multimemory Associative Processing
75(2)
The Belief Inherent in the Trauma
75(1)
The Major Participant or Perpetrator
75(1)
The Pronounced Stimuli
76(1)
The Specific Event
76(1)
The Dominant Physical Sensations
76(1)
The Dominant Emotions
77(1)
Single-Memory Processing Effects
77(10)
Changes in Image
78(1)
Changes in Sounds
79(1)
Changes in Cognitions
80(1)
Changes in Emotions
80(1)
Changes in Physical Sensation
81(1)
Differential Effects
82(1)
Supervised Practice
83(1)
Summary and Conclusions
83(2)
4 Phase One: Client History 85(28)
Client Readiness
85(2)
Client Safety Factors
87(10)
Level of Rapport
87(1)
Emotional Disturbance
87(1)
Stability
88(1)
Life Supports
89(1)
General Physical Health
89(1)
Office Consultation versus Inpatient Treatment
89(1)
Neurological Impairment
90(1)
Epilepsy
90(1)
Eye Problems
91(1)
Drug and Alcohol Abuse
91(1)
Legal Requirements
92(1)
Systems Control
92(1)
Secondary Gains
93(1)
Timing
93(2)
Medication Needs
95(1)
Dissociative Disorders
95(2)
Treatment Planning
97(4)
History-Taking Transcript
101(10)
Supervised Practice
111(1)
Summary and Conclusions
112(1)
5 Phases Two and Three: Preparation and Assessment 113(23)
Phase Two: Preparation
113(11)
Adopting a Clinical Stance
114(1)
Forming a Bond with the Client
114(1)
Explaining the Theory
115(1)
Testing the Eye Movements
116(1)
Creating a Safe/Calm Place
117(2)
Describing the Model
119(2)
Setting Expectations
121(2)
Addressing Client Fears
123(1)
Phase Three: Assessment
124(8)
Selecting the Picture
125(1)
Identifying the Negative Cognition
125(3)
Developing a Positive Cognition
128(1)
Rating the Validity of Cognition
129(1)
Naming the Emotion
130(1)
Estimating the Subjective Units of Disturbance
130(1)
Identifying Body Sensations
131(1)
Importance of the Components
132(2)
Supervised Practice
134(1)
Summary and Conclusions
134(2)
6 Phases Four to Seven: Desensitization, Installation, Body Scan, and Closure 136(26)
Accelerated Reprocessing of the Memory
137(4)
Phase Four: Desensitization
141(10)
Associative Processing
143(7)
Imagery
143(3)
New Memory
143(1)
Image Changes
144(1)
Incident Unfolds
144(1)
Appearance Changes
145(1)
Sounds and Thoughts
146(2)
Negative Statements
146(1)
Mismatches
146(1)
Positive Thoughts
147(1)
Insights
147(1)
Sensation and Affect
148(24)
New Emotions
148(1)
Shifting Sensations
149(1)
Assessment
150(1)
Phase Five: Installation
151(3)
Phase Six: Body Scan
154(1)
Phase Seven: Closure
155(5)
Visualization
155(1)
Safety Assessment
156(1)
Debriefing and Log
156(4)
Supervised Practice
160(1)
Summary and Conclusions
160(2)
7 Working with Abreaction and Blocks 162(29)
Abreaction
163(8)
Guidelines for Facilitating Abreaction
165(6)
If Abreaction Persists
171(1)
Strategies for Blocked Processing
171(18)
Primary Target
172(7)
Altering the Eye Movement
172(1)
Focusing on Body Sensation
173(2)
All Sensation
173(1)
The Primary Sensation
173(1)
Unspoken Words
173(1)
Using Movement
174(1)
Pressing the Location
175(1)
Scanning
175(1)
Visual Cues
175(1)
Sound Effects
176(1)
Dialogue
176(1)
Alterations
176(3)
Appearance of Image
177(1)
No Action
177(1)
Hierarchy
177(1)
Redirecting to Image
178(1)
Redirecting to Negative Cognition
178(1)
Adding a Positive Statement
178(1)
Checking the Positive Cognition
179(1)
Return to Target
179(1)
Ancillary Targets
179(14)
Feeder Memories
180(3)
Blocking Beliefs
183(1)
Fears
184(4)
Fear of Going Crazy
185(1)
Fear of Losing the Good Memories
185(1)
Fear of Change
186(2)
Wellsprings of Disturbance
188(1)
Supervised Practice
189(1)
Summary and Conclusions
189(2)
8 Phase Eight: Reevaluation and Use of the EMDR Therapy Standard Three-Pronged Protocol 191(22)
Phase Eight: Reevaluation
192(1)
The Standard Three-Pronged EMDR Therapy Protocol
193(15)
Working on the Past
193(6)
Single-Target Outcome
195(2)
Recycling through Multiple Targets
197(2)
Primary Events
198(1)
Past Events
198(1)
Progressions
198(1)
Clusters
198(1)
Participants
199(1)
Working on the Present
199(4)
Using the Log to Report Systems Issues
201(2)
Working on the Future
203(5)
Significant People
203(1)
Significant Situations
203(1)
Incorporating a Future Template
204(4)
Concluding Therapy
208(3)
Follow-Up
208(1)
Terminating Therapy
209(2)
Supervised Practice
211(1)
Summary and Conclusions
211(2)
9 Standardized Protocols and Procedures for Special Situations 213(43)
The Standard Procedures
214(2)
Three-Pronged Protocol
216(1)
Protocol for a Single Traumatic Event
217(1)
Disorder-Based Protocol
217(2)
Symptom-Based Protocol
219(1)
Protocol for Current Anxiety
219(1)
Eye Movement Desensitization
220(2)
Procedural Steps
221(1)
Protocols for Recent Traumatic Events
222(5)
Recent Event Protocol
223(2)
EMDR Protocol for Recent Critical Incidents
225(1)
Recent Traumatic Episode Protocol
226(1)
Protocol for Phobias
227(5)
Protocol for Complicated Grief
232(3)
Protocol for Illness and Somatic Disorders
235(8)
Pain Conditions
243(1)
Self-Directed Use of Bilateral Stimulation for Stress Reduction
243(2)
Eye Movement Sets: Caveats and Suggestions
243(1)
Technical Considerations
244(1)
Butterfly Hug
245(1)
Self-Control/Closure Procedures
245(1)
Safe/Calm Place Imagery
246(2)
EMDR Resource Development and Installation
248(2)
Client Instructions for RDI
249(1)
Recorded Visualizations
250(1)
The Light Stream Technique
251(1)
Breathing Shift
252(1)
Vertical Eye Movements
253(1)
Debriefing and Safety Assessment
253(1)
Summary and Conclusions
253(3)
10 The Cognitive Interweave: A Proactive Strategy for Working with Challenging Clients 256(27)
Foundation of the Interweave
258(1)
Responsibility, Safety, and Choices
259(8)
Fitting the Intervention to the Client
267(2)
Interweave Choices
269(4)
New Information
269(1)
"I'm Confused"
270(1)
"What If It Were Your Child?"
270(1)
Metaphor/Analogy
271(1)
"Let's Pretend"
271(1)
Socratic Method
272(1)
Assimilation
273(1)
Verbalizations and Actions
273(6)
Education
279(2)
Supervised Practice
281(1)
Summary and Conclusions
281(2)
11 Selected Populations 283(66)
Issues of Noncompliance
284(3)
Complex PTSD
287(6)
Sexual Abuse Victims
293(10)
Appropriate Goals
293(1)
Client Readiness
294(1)
Structure
295(1)
Integration
296(1)
Information Plateaus
297(1)
Emotional Stages
297(2)
False Memory
299(1)
Cautions Regarding Memory Work
300(3)
Hypnosis
300(1)
The Fallibility of Memory
301(2)
Combat Veterans
303(11)
Dealing with Feelings of Lack of Control
306(1)
Secondary Gain Issues
307(1)
Affiliation and the Fear of Forgetting
307(1)
Dealing with Denial, Moral Injury, and Transition States
308(1)
Dealing with Anger
309(1)
Military Sexual Trauma
310(1)
Using the Cognitive Interweave
311(1)
Anniversary Dates
312(1)
Complicated Grief
313(1)
Postdisaster Response
314(5)
Special Considerations
314(1)
EMDR Intervention at the Time of the Event or within the First 48 Hours
315(1)
EMDR Interventions 48 Hours or More Postdisaster
315(1)
Phases of Treatment
316(3)
Vicarious Trauma
319(1)
Couples
319(4)
Partner Providing Support
320(1)
Marital Therapy
321(2)
Infidelity
323(1)
Children
323(14)
History Taking
324(1)
Preparation Phase
324(1)
Holding the Child's Attention
325(1)
Assessment Phase
326(2)
Desensitization and Installation Phases
328(1)
Cognitive Interweaves
329(1)
Closure and Reevaluation
330(1)
Working with Caregivers
330(1)
Generalizing Treatment Effects
331(2)
Intellectual Disability
332(1)
Autism Spectrum Disorder
333(1)
Complex Trauma in Children
333(4)
Addictions
337(5)
Addiction through the Lens of the AIP
338(1)
Client Readiness and Stages of Change
338(1)
Safety and Stabilization
338(1)
Timing of Treatment
339(1)
Suggested Targets for Reprocessing
340(1)
Additional Precautions and Guidelines
341(1)
Dissociative Disorders
342(3)
Overall Evaluations
345(1)
Summary and Conclusions
346(3)
12 Theory, Research, and Clinical Implications 349(80)
Procedural Elements
352(5)
Exposure
352(1)
Perceived Mastery
353(1)
Attention to Physical Sensation
354(1)
Cognitive Reframing
354(1)
Alignment of Memory Components
355(1)
Free Association
355(1)
Mindfulness
355(1)
Eye Movements and Alternative Bilateral Stimuli
356(1)
Orienting Response
357(1)
Working Memory
357(1)
Distraction
358(1)
Hypnosis
359(1)
Neural Network Changes
359(4)
Dream Sleep
363(1)
Relaxation Response
364(1)
Integrative Effect
365(5)
Working Memory Account of EMDR
370(1)
Orienting Response
371(2)
REM Sleep
373(5)
Summary of Recommendations for Component Research
378(2)
Treatment of PTSD
380(15)
Trauma and PTSD
380(1)
Children
380(4)
Adults with PTSD
384(5)
Treatment of Military Personnel
389(2)
Complex PTSD
391(3)
Elderly Adults
394(1)
Disaster Response Research
395(1)
Individual Protocols
395(5)
EMDR Standard Protocol
395(1)
Recent Traumatic Events Protocol
396(1)
EMDR Protocol for Recent Critical Incidents
397(1)
Recent Traumatic Episode Protocol
398(1)
Group Protocols
398(2)
EMDR Integrative Group Treatment Protocol
398(1)
Group Traumatic Episode Protocol
399(1)
Protocols for Disaster-Response Teams
400(1)
Future Research
400(2)
Diverse Clinical Applications
402(11)
Anxiety Disorders
402(1)
Phobias
402(1)
Panic Disorder
403(1)
Obsessive-Compulsive Disorder
403(1)
Mood Disorders
404(1)
Addictions
405(3)
Pain Conditions
408(2)
Diverse Somatic Conditions
410(3)
Treatment-Resistant Populations
413(2)
Suggested Criteria for Clinical Outcome Research
415(4)
Method Validity
416(1)
Selection of Psychometrics
417(1)
Participant Selection
418(1)
Comparative Research
418(1)
Recommended Clinical Parameters for Comparative Outcome Studies
418(1)
Additional Future Research
419(1)
The Adaptive Information Processing Model
419(1)
Broader Clinical and Professional Concerns
420(6)
Clinical Responsibility
421(1)
Global Responsibility
422(4)
Summary and Conclusions
426(3)
Appendix A. Clinical Aids 429(20)
Adverse Childhood Experiences Questionnaire
429(12)
Recommended Format for meekly Log (TICES) Report
441(2)
Negative and Positive Cognitions
443(1)
Examples of Negative and Positive Cognitions
443(2)
Form and Sequence for Techniques to Identify Past Event
445(1)
Affect Scan (Shapiro, 1995)
445(1)
Floatback Technique (Young, Zangwill, & Behary, 2002)
445(1)
EMDR Therapy Procedural Outline
446(3)
Explanation of EMDR
446(1)
Specific Instructions
446(3)
Appendix B. Client Transcripts 449(17)
Three-Pronged Protocol with a Combat Veteran
449(13)
Cognitive Interweave Case Session with a Molestation Survivor
462(4)
Appendix C. Clinical and Outcome Assessments 466(25)
EMDR Fidelity Rating Scale (EFRS)
466(14)
Deborah L. Korn
Louise Maxfield
Nancy J. Smith
Robert Stickgold
Empirically Evaluating EMDR without a Control Group: A Step-by-Step Guide for EMDR Therapists
480(11)
Allen Rubin
Purpose of This Guide
480(1)
Part I: Single-Case Designs
480(8)
Overview and Logic of Single-Case Evaluation
480(2)
Step-by-Step Guide
482(1)
Step
1. Specify the Target
482(1)
Step
2. Operationally Define the Target
482(1)
Step
3. Devise a Data Collection Plan
482(1)
Step
4. The Baseline Phase
485(1)
Step S. The Basic Single-Case Design
487(1)
Step
6. Data Analysis
488(1)
Step
7. Replication
488(1)
Part II. Within-Group Effect Size Benchmarks
488(3)
Appendix D. Research Lists 491(7)
Psychophysiological and Neurobiological Evaluations
491(7)
Appendix E. Client Safety 498(7)
EMDR Dissociative Disorders Task Force Recommended Guidelines: A General Guide to EMDR's Use in the Dissociative Disorders
499(4)
Purpose
499(1)
Assumptions
499(1)
Screening
499(1)
Clarifying the Diagnosis
499(1)
When a Dissociative Disorder Is Present
500(1)
Embedding EMDR in the Treatment Plan
501(1)
Preparing for EMDR
501(1)
Early Treatment Phases
501(1)
Caution
501(1)
Middle Treatment Phases
502(1)
Final Treatment Phases
502(1)
Task Force Members
502(1)
Additional Training
502(1)
Suggested Reading
502(1)
Professional Standards and Training Committee of the EMDR International Association
503(2)
Appendix F. EMDR Therapy Training Resources 505(2)
North and South America
505(1)
Europe
506(1)
Asia
506(1)
References 507(46)
Index 553
Francine Shapiro, PhD, until her death in 2019, was Senior Research Fellow Emeritus at the Mental Research Institute in Palo Alto, California; Executive Director of the EMDR Institute in Watsonville, California; and founder and President Emeritus of the Trauma Recovery/EMDR Humanitarian Assistance Programs, a nonprofit organization that coordinates disaster response and pro bono trainings worldwide. The originator and developer of EMDR therapy, Dr. Shapiro was a recipient of the International Sigmund Freud Award for distinguished contribution to psychotherapy, presented by the City of Vienna in conjunction with the World Council for Psychotherapy; the Award for Outstanding Contributions to Practice in Trauma Psychology from Division 56 of the American Psychological Association; and the Distinguished Scientific Achievement in Psychology Award from the California Psychological Association. Dr. Shapiro was designated as one of the Cadre of Experts of the American Psychological Association and the Canadian Psychological Association Joint Initiative on Ethnopolitical Warfare and served as advisor to a wide variety of trauma treatment and outreach organizations and journals. She was an invited speaker at psychology conferences worldwide and published more than 90 articles, chapters, and books about EMDR.