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E-raamat: Aboveground-Belowground Linkages: Biotic Interactions, Ecosystem Processes, and Global Change

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(Department of Forest Ecology and Management, Swedish University of Agricultural Sciences, Umeå, Sweden), (Lancaster Environment Centre, Lancaster University, UK)
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Aboveground-Belowground Linkages: Biotic Interactions, Ecosystem Processes, and Global ChangeSuurem pilt
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Aboveground-Belowground Linkages provides the most up-to-date and comprehensive synthesis of recent advances in our understanding of the roles that interactions between aboveground and belowground communities play in regulating the structure and function of terrestrial ecosystems, and their responses to global change. It charts the historical development of this field of ecology and evaluates what can be learned from the recent proliferation of studies on the ecological and biogeochemical significance of aboveground-belowground linkages.

The book is structured around four key topics: biotic interactions in the soil; plant community effects; the role of aboveground consumers; and the influence of species gains and losses. A concluding chapter draws together this information and identifies a number of cross-cutting themes, including consideration of aboveground-belowground feedbacks that occur at different spatial and temporal scales, the consequences of these feedbacks for ecosystem processes, and how aboveground-belowground interactions link to human-induced global change.

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This book is clearly organized which makes it a pleasure to read. Each chapter is nicely introduced and there is discussion about how it fits with the rest of the book. Both of the authors have successfully used conceptual diagrams to illustrate their work in their numerous empirical and review papers, and this book is no exception. * Aimée T. Classen, Ecology * The topics in this short and affordable book are well integrated and up to date. Given that the authors are pioneering leaders in this field and have had a long and productive collaboration, it is no surprise that their new book is excellent. * Aimée T. Classen, Ecology * Is Aboveground-Belowground Linkages just another synthesis? Certainly not. An excellent and up-to-date overview of the field of plant and soil community interactions and ecosystem functioning... in my opinion, a book that all plant and soil ecologists should read. It will undoubtedly have a strong influence on the direction of the future research of many scientists in this field. * T. Martijn Bezemer, Trends in Ecology and Evolution * This is the most interesting book I read in 2010. It should appeal to a wide range of researchers, is an excellent source of reference and a potentially useful teaching resource. * John Hopkins, Bulletin of the British Ecological Society *

Preface ix
1 Introduction
1(14)
1.1 Controls on terrestrial ecosystem processes: an historical perspective
3(2)
1.2 Species and biotic interactions as ecosystem drivers
5(3)
1.3 Aboveground-belowground interactions as drivers of ecosystem processes
8(2)
1.4 Aboveground-belowground interactions and global change
10(2)
1.5 Emerging issues and trends
12(3)
2 Biotic interactions in soil as drivers of ecosystem properties
15(47)
2.1 Introduction
15(2)
2.2 Influence of decomposers on aboveground communities and ecosytem processes
17(15)
2.2.1 Free-living soil microbes, nutrient availability, and plant growth
17(6)
2.2.2 Trophic interactions in soil, nutrient availability, and plant growth
23(3)
2.2.3 Functional consequences of trophic cascades in the soil food web
26(2)
2.2.4 Bacterial-based and fungal-based energy channels and nutrient cycling
28(4)
2.3 Influence of root-associated organisms on plant communities and ecosystem processes
32(8)
2.3.1 Microbial symbionts and plant community dynamics
32(6)
2.3.2 Belowground pathogens, herbivores, and plant community dynamics
38(2)
2.4 Soil ecosystem engineers and plant community dynamics
40(5)
2.5 Soil biotic interactions, carbon dynamics, and global change
45(14)
2.5.1 Soil biotic interactions and ecosystem carbon exchange
46(6)
2.5.2 Contribution of soil biotic interactions to climate change via carbon-cycle feedbacks
52(5)
2.5.3 Multiple global change drivers and soil biotic interactions
57(2)
2.6 Conclusions
59(3)
3 Plant community influences on the soil community and plant soil feedbacks
62(51)
3.1 Introduction
62(1)
3.2 How plants affect the belowground subsystem
63(12)
3.2.1 Differential effects of different plant species
63(5)
3.2.2 Effects of within-species variation
68(2)
3.2.3 Spatial and temporal variability
70(2)
3.2.4 Multiple species effects
72(3)
3.3 Overriding effects of plant traits
75(10)
3.3.1 Contrasting plant species and trait axes
75(6)
3.3.2 Trait dominance, trait dissimilarity, and multiple species effects
81(3)
3.3.3 Ecosystem stoichiometery
84(1)
3.4 Plant-soil feedbacks
85(5)
3.5 Succession and disturbance
90(9)
3.5.1 The build-up phase of succession
91(2)
3.5.2 Ecosystem retrogression
93(4)
3.5.3 Succession and plant-soil feedbacks
97(2)
3.6 Indirect belowground effects of global change via vegetation
99(11)
3.6.1 Indirect belowground effects of climate change
99(8)
3.6.2 Indirect belowground effects of nitrogen deposition
107(3)
3.7 Conclusions
110(3)
4 Ecosystem-level significance of aboveground consumers
113(52)
4.1 Introduction
113(1)
4.2 Herbivore-mediated effects on plant-soil feedbacks and ecosystem processes
114(20)
4.2.1 Positive effects of herbivores on belowground properties and ecosystem functioning
116(7)
4.2.2 Negative effects of herbivores on belowground properties and ecosystem functioning
123(7)
4.2.3 Landscape-scale herbivore effects and multiple stable states
130(4)
4.3 The role of plant traits in regulating herbivore impacts
134(3)
4.4 Aboveground trophic cascades and consequences for belowground properties
137(4)
4.5 Spatial movement of resources by consumer organisms
141(11)
4.5.1 Resource transfers across land
142(5)
4.5.2 Resource transfers from aquatic to terrestrial ecosystems
147(5)
4.6 Aboveground consumers, carbon dynamics, and global change
152(9)
4.7 Conclusions
161(4)
5 Aboveground and belowground consequences of species losses and gains
165(46)
5.1 Introduction
165(1)
5.2 Species losses through extinction and aboveground-belowground linkages
166(17)
5.2.1 The diversity-function issue from an aboveground-belowground perspective
166(6)
5.2.2 Removal experiments for studying effects of species losses
172(8)
5.2.3 Effects of species losses in real ecosystems
180(3)
5.3 Species gains through invasion and aboveground-belowground linkages
183(18)
5.3.1 Invasions by plants
190(1)
5.3.2 Belowground invaders
190(5)
5.3.3 Invasions by aboveground consumers
195(6)
5.4 Consequences of global change through causing species gains and losses
201(7)
5.5 Conclusions
208(3)
6 Underlying themes and ways forward
211(16)
6.1 Introduction
211(1)
6.2 Biotic interactions, feedbacks, and ecosystem processes
212(5)
6.2.1 Linkages and feedbacks between the aboveground and belowgroud subsystems
212(2)
6.2.2 Organism traits as ecological drivers
214(3)
6.3 Drivers of spatial and temporal variability
217(7)
6.3.1 Drivers of variation over time
217(2)
6.3.2 Drivers of variation over space
219(2)
6.3.3 Differences across ecosystems
221(1)
6.3.4 Global-scale contrasts
222(2)
6.4 Global change phenomena
224(3)
References 227(62)
Index 289
Richard D. Bardgett is Editor of Journal of Ecology and is recognised as an ISI Highly Cited Researcher. He was elected an Honorary Fellow of the Royal Society of New Zealand in 2006. He serves on the Editorial Boards of Ecology Letters and Ecosystems and is a member of Rothamsted's Board of Directors.

David A. Wardle received the NZ Association of Scientists Medal in 1999, the NZ Ecological Society Research Award in 2001, and has been a Fellow of the Royal Society of NZ since 2003 and an ISI Highly Cited Researcher since 2006. He also serves or has served on a range of Editorial Boards including Science, Ecology and Ecology Letters.
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