Academic Crowdsourcing in the Humanities lays the foundations for a theoretical framework to understand the value of crowdsourcing, an avenue that is increasingly becoming important to academia as the web transforms collaboration and communication and blurs institutional and professional boundaries. Crowdsourcing projects in the humanities have, for the most part, focused on the generation or enhancement of content in a variety of ways, leveraging the rich resources of knowledge, creativity, effort and interest among the public to contribute to academic discourse. This book explores methodologies, tactics and the "citizen science" involved.
- Addresses crowdsourcing for the humanities and cultural material
- Provides a systematic, academic analysis of crowdsourcing concepts and methodologies
- Situates crowdsourcing conceptually within the context of related concepts, such as ‘citizen science’, ‘wisdom of crowds’, and ‘public engagement’
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Lays the foundations for a theoretical framework to understand the value of crowd-sourcing
| About the authors |
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ix | |
| Preface |
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xi | |
| Acknowledgements |
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xv | |
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1 Introduction: academic crowdsourcing from the periphery to the centre |
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1 | (12) |
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1 | (3) |
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Crowdsourcing, citizen science and engagement |
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4 | (2) |
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Crowd connectivity: the rise of social media |
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6 | (2) |
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8 | (5) |
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2 From citizen science to community co-production |
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13 | (14) |
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The business of crowdsourcing |
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13 | (2) |
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Crowdsourcing in the academy |
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15 | (4) |
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Crowdsourcing and social engagement |
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19 | (4) |
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Communities of crowdsourcing: self-organization and co-production |
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23 | (1) |
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Terminologies and typologies for humanities crowdsourcing |
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24 | (3) |
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3 Processes and products: a typology of crowdsourcing |
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27 | (24) |
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Humanities crowdsourcing: a typology |
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28 | (1) |
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29 | (9) |
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38 | (6) |
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44 | (2) |
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46 | (3) |
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49 | (2) |
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4 Crowdsourcing applied: case studies |
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51 | (20) |
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51 | (5) |
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56 | (5) |
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61 | (7) |
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68 | (3) |
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71 | (16) |
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Introduction and key questions |
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71 | (3) |
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Solitary roles versus collaborative roles |
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74 | (3) |
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77 | (3) |
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80 | (2) |
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82 | (1) |
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83 | (1) |
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84 | (3) |
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6 Motivations and benefits |
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87 | (18) |
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Motivations, intrinsic and extrinsic |
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87 | (2) |
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From commercial to academic crowdsourcing |
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89 | (3) |
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92 | (2) |
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Learning and `upskilling' |
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94 | (2) |
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96 | (3) |
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Community and social motivations |
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99 | (2) |
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101 | (1) |
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Motivations of academics and other project organizers |
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101 | (2) |
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103 | (2) |
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7 Ethical issues in humanities crowdsourcing |
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105 | (22) |
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What do we mean by ethics in humanities crowdsourcing? |
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105 | (1) |
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Ethics and the crowdsourcing industry |
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106 | (2) |
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Labour and exploitation in humanities crowdsourcing |
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108 | (6) |
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114 | (2) |
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Pastoral concerns and participant well-being |
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116 | (2) |
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Crowdsourcing as participatory research |
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118 | (5) |
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Community-based participatory research |
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123 | (1) |
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124 | (3) |
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8 Crowdsourcing and memory |
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127 | (20) |
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127 | (1) |
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128 | (1) |
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129 | (1) |
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130 | (2) |
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132 | (1) |
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Generic crowd memory: shared methodological narratives |
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133 | (11) |
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144 | (3) |
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9 Crowds past, present and future |
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147 | (12) |
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Three phases of crowdsourcing |
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147 | (4) |
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Some futures of crowdsourcing |
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151 | (6) |
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157 | (2) |
| Bibliography |
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159 | (10) |
| Index |
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169 | |
Mark Hedges is a Senior Lecturer in the Department of Digital Humanities at Kings College London. His original academic background was in mathematics and philosophy, and he gained a PhD in mathematics at University College London, before starting a 17-year career in the software and systems consultancy industry, working on large-scale development projects for industrial and commercial clients. After a brief career break, he began his career at Kings at the Arts and Humanities Data Service, before moving to his current position, in which he has taught on a variety of modules in the MA in Digital Asset and Media Management and MA in Digital Curation. His research interests include digital curation and digital archives, their role in research, and their relationships with broader research environments and infrastructures, and since 2012 he has been carrying out research on crowdsourcing and participatory methods in the humanities. Stuart Dunn is Senior Lecturer in Digital Humanities at Kings College London. He gained his PhD in Aegean Bronze Age Archaeology from the University of Durham in 2002, during which he conducted fieldwork in Melos, Crete and Santorini. During his PhD and subsequently, he developed strong interests in digital research methods for mapping and spatial analysis. He worked as Research Assistant on the AHRCs ICT in Arts and Humanities Research Programme from 2003 until 2006, where he supported the design and implementation of key research programmes. In 2006, he became a Research Associate at the Arts and Humanities e-Science Support Centre at Kings, and then a Research Fellow in the Centre for e-Research. Since 2011, he has taught in the fields of cultural heritage, digital history and, most recently, Geographical Information Systems. In this period he has researched and published extensively on academic crowdsourcing as a method, especially where it touches on the field of Volunteered Geographic Information. Dunn is a Fellow of the Higher Education Academy.
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