Foreword |
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ix | |
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Preface |
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xi | |
Acknowledgments |
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xvii | |
About the Authors |
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xix | |
In the Beginning... |
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xxi | |
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1 What Is Academic Language? |
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1 | (26) |
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The Role of Language in Schooling and Beyond |
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1 | (1) |
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2 | (2) |
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The Nature of Academic Language |
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4 | (2) |
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Evolving Perspectives of Academic Language |
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6 | (1) |
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Academic Language Versus Social Language Perspectives |
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7 | (1) |
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Systemic Functional Linguistic Perspectives |
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8 | (1) |
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Language Skills Perspectives |
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9 | (1) |
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Sociocultural Perspectives |
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10 | (1) |
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Language as Social Action Perspectives |
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10 | (1) |
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Academic Language Learning as a Developmental Process |
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11 | (2) |
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Considerations for Students With Disabilities |
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13 | (1) |
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Oral and Written Languages |
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14 | (1) |
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Oral Language as a Vehicle for Promoting Academic Language Development |
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15 | (2) |
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Oral Language as a Bridge to Literacy |
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17 | (3) |
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Multiliteracies and Multimodalities as Sources of Academic Language |
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20 | (2) |
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Raising Awareness of Academic Language |
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22 | (2) |
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Academic Language and Social Justice |
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24 | (1) |
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25 | (2) |
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2 What Are the Dimensions of Academic Language? |
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27 | (28) |
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Identifying Academic Language |
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Within and Across Content Areas |
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27 | (2) |
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Analyzing Academic Language Within Discourse |
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29 | (1) |
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Balance Between Informational and Literary Texts |
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30 | (2) |
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Differences Between Nonfiction and Informational Texts |
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32 | (4) |
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Examining Sentence-Level Structures |
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36 | (2) |
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Language Functions as Expressions of Sentence-Level Meaning |
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38 | (3) |
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Identifying Vocabulary---Words, Phrases, and Expressions |
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41 | (1) |
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Development of Academic Vocabulary |
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42 | (3) |
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Teaching Academic Vocabulary in Authentic Contexts Through Meaningful Interactions |
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45 | (4) |
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Vocabulary Instruction for English Language Learners (ELLs) |
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49 | (4) |
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53 | (2) |
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3 How Do Standards Define and Shape Academic Language Use? |
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55 | (28) |
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The Impact of the New Standards on Shaping Academic Language |
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56 | (5) |
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Bringing Standards Together: Content Learning Through Language and Language Learning Through Content |
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61 | (2) |
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Content and Language Learning for English Language Learners |
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63 | (2) |
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The Impact of Standards in Shaping Grade-Level Language for Academic Purposes |
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65 | (1) |
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Academic Language Within Content Standards |
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65 | (2) |
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Resources for ELLs for the New Content Standards |
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67 | (1) |
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Examples of Academic Language in Content Standards |
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68 | (3) |
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Academic Language in English Language Development/Proficiency Standards |
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71 | (1) |
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Academic Language Use in Language Standards |
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72 | (4) |
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The Impact of Home Language on Academic Language Development |
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76 | (2) |
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Suggestions for Redefining Teaching and Learning Around Academic Language Use |
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78 | (3) |
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81 | (2) |
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4 How Is Academic Language Used in Content Areas Schoolwide? |
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83 | (31) |
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Seeing Academic Language Throughout the School Day |
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84 | (1) |
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Listening in the Music Classroom |
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84 | (3) |
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Moving From a Physical Education Class to the Arts |
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87 | (2) |
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Looking Into Mathematics Classrooms |
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89 | (8) |
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Entering an English Language Arts Class |
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97 | (3) |
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100 | (4) |
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The Language of Science Textbooks |
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104 | (2) |
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Exploring Academic Language in a Social Studies Class |
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106 | (1) |
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The Specialized Language of Social Studies Texts |
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106 | (4) |
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Effective Instruction in Content Classrooms Around a Unit of Learning |
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110 | (2) |
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112 | (2) |
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5 How Can Academic Language Be Integrated Into Instruction and Assessment? |
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114 | (25) |
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Maintaining a Focus on Academic Language: A Historical Perspective |
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115 | (2) |
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Planning a Unit of Learning Around Academic Language Use |
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117 | (1) |
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Capitalizing on Linguistic and Cultural Resources |
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118 | (2) |
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Deciding on a Theme for a Unit of Learning |
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120 | (1) |
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Matching the Theme to Standards |
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120 | (2) |
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Academic Language Use in Learning Targets and Differentiated Objectives |
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122 | (1) |
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Infusing Academic Language Into Unit Targets and Differentiated Lesson Objectives |
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123 | (2) |
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Instructional Activities and Tasks |
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125 | (1) |
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The Relationship Between Assessment and Instruction |
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126 | (2) |
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Placement of Assessment Within a Curricular Framework |
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128 | (2) |
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Assessment Across Lessons of a Unit: Measuring Standards and Learning Targets |
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130 | (3) |
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Assessment Within Lessons: Measuring Differentiated Objectives |
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133 | (2) |
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Crafting Instructional Activities and Tasks |
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135 | (1) |
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Reflecting on Teaching and Learning |
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136 | (1) |
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136 | (1) |
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137 | (1) |
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137 | (2) |
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6 How Is Academic Language Situated in Curricular Design and Infused Into Professional Learning? |
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139 | (32) |
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A Theoretical Basis for Curricular Frameworks |
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140 | (1) |
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Early Thinking on Curriculum |
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140 | (3) |
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Recent Thinking on Curriculum |
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143 | (3) |
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Conceptual Frameworks That Integrate Language and Content |
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146 | (3) |
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The Value of an Integrated Curricular Framework for Diverse Schools and Districts |
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149 | (2) |
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A Curricular Framework That Features Academic Language Use |
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151 | (3) |
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The Role of Professional Learning in Understanding and Promoting Academic Language Use |
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154 | (1) |
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Implementing Professional Learning: From Two Participants to District Level Participation |
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155 | (4) |
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Making School a Meaningful Experience for 21st Century Students |
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159 | (1) |
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Culturally and Linguistically Responsive Teaching and Learning |
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159 | (2) |
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Transformation of Schools |
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161 | (1) |
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Promoting Academic Language for All Students and Teachers |
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162 | (1) |
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Seeking Advocacy Within the Educational Community |
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163 | (1) |
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164 | (1) |
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165 | (6) |
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171 | (18) |
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A CCSS for Mathematics and Related Academic Language |
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171 | (11) |
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B Examples from the CCSS for English Language Arts of Related Academic Language |
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182 | (6) |
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C A Curricular Framework Highlighting Academic Language |
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188 | (1) |
Glossary |
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189 | (7) |
References |
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196 | (13) |
Index |
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209 | |