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E-raamat: Advanced Chipless RFID: MIMO-Based Imaging at 60 GHz - ML Detection

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Introduces advanced high-capacity data encoding and throughput improvement techniques for fully printable multi-bit Chipless RFID tags and reader systems

The book proposes new approaches to chipless RFID tag encoding and tag detection that supersede their predecessors in signal processing, tag design, and reader architectures. The text is divided into two main sections: the first section introduces the fundamentals of electromagnetic (EM) imaging at mm-wave band to enhance the content capacity of Chipless RFID systems. The EM Imaging through Synthetic Aperture Radar (SAR) technique is used for data extraction. The second section presents a few smart tag detection techniques for existing chipless RFID systems. A Multiple-Input and Multiple-Output (MIMO) based tag detection technique improves the spectral efficiency and increases data bit capacity. The book concludes with a discussion of how the MIMO approach can be combined with the image based technique to introduce a complete solution with a fast imaging approach to chipless RFID systems. The book has the following salient features:





Discusses new approaches to chipless RFID tags such as EM imaging, high capacity data encoding, and robust tag detection techniques Presents techniques to enhance data content capacity of tags and reliable tag detection for the readers at unlicensed microwave and mm-wave 2.45, 24 and 60 GHz instrumentation, scientific and medical (ISM) frequency bands Includes case studies of real-world applications
Preface xi
Acknowledgment xv
PART I EM IMAGE-BASED CHIPLESS RFID SYSTEM
1(160)
1 Introduction
3(22)
1.1 Barcodes as Identification Technology
4(2)
1.2 RFID Systems
6(1)
1.3 Barcodes Versus RFID
7(1)
1.4 Chipless RFID Tag for Low-Cost Item Tagging
7(3)
1.5 Chipless RFID Systems
10(6)
1.6 Spatial-Based Chipless RFID System
16(1)
1.7 Book Outline
17(8)
References
20(5)
2 EM Imaging
25(12)
2.1 EM-Imaging Fundamentals
25(2)
2.2 Range Resolution
27(2)
2.3 Cross-Range or Azimuth Resolution
29(2)
2.4 Synthetic Aperture Radar (SAR) Necessity
31(3)
2.5 EM Imaging for Content Coding
34(1)
2.6 Conclusions
35(2)
References
36(1)
3 Tiny Polarizers, Secret of the New Technique
37(18)
3.1 Introduction
37(2)
3.2 Sweetness of Diffraction
39(4)
3.3 Strip-Line Polarizer
43(2)
3.4 Meander-Line Polarizer
45(2)
3.5 Multiple Polarizers
47(3)
3.6 Polarizer Fabrication
50(2)
3.7 Conclusions
52(3)
References
53(2)
4 Attributes of EM Polarizers
55(22)
4.1 Introduction
55(1)
4.2 Suggested Structures as Effective EM Polarizers
56(3)
4.3 Cross-Polar Working Basis
59(5)
4.4 Effect of Highly Reflective Items
64(4)
4.5 Secure Identification
68(3)
4.6 Bending Effect on Tag Performance
71(3)
4.7 Conclusion
74(3)
References
76(1)
5 System Technical Aspects
77(34)
5.1 Introduction
77(1)
5.2 The mm-Band of 60 GHz
77(4)
5.3 Reader Antenna
81(25)
5.4 Conclusions
106(5)
References
107(4)
6 SAR-Based Signal Processing
111(20)
6.1 Introduction
111(1)
6.2 SAR Modes of Operation
112(1)
6.3 SAR Block Diagram
113(1)
6.4 SAR-Based Signal Processing
113(3)
6.5 Tag Imaging Results
116(9)
6.6 System Downsides
125(3)
6.7 Conclusions
128(3)
References
129(2)
7 Fast Imaging Through MIMO-SAR
131(30)
7.1 Introduction
131(1)
7.2 Conventional Phased Array Antenna
132(1)
7.3 MIMO-SAR Systems
133(10)
7.4 Optimization
143(12)
7.5 MIMO-SAR Results
155(3)
7.6 Conclusion
158(3)
References
159(2)
PART II ADVANCED TAG DETECTION TECHNIQUES FOR CHIPLESS RFID SYSTEMS
161(114)
8 Introduction
163(14)
8.1 RFID Systems
163(4)
8.2 Review of Chipless RFID Tag Detection Techniques
167(1)
8.3 Maximum Likelihood Detection Techniques
168(2)
8.4 Conclusions
170(7)
References
170(7)
9 Chipless RFID Tag Design
177(12)
9.1 Introduction
177(1)
9.2 SISO Tag Design
177(2)
9.3 MIMO Tag Design
179(9)
9.4 Conclusions
188(1)
References
188(1)
10 ML Detection Techniques for SISO Chipless RFID Tags
189(44)
10.1 Introduction
189(1)
10.2 System Models-Time Domain
190(10)
10.3 System Models-Frequency Domain
200(5)
10.4 Simulations
205(2)
10.5 Experimental Setup
207(1)
10.6 Results
208(22)
10.7 Conclusion
230(3)
References
230(3)
11 Computationally Feasible Tag Detection Techniques
233(14)
11.1 Introduction
233(1)
11.2 Bit-By-Bit Detection Method
234(3)
11.3 Trellis-Tree-Based Viterbi Decoding
237(5)
11.4 Simulation Setup
242(2)
11.5 Results
244(2)
11.6 Conclusions
246(1)
References
246(1)
12 Signal Processing for MIMO-Based Chipless RFID Systems
247(22)
12.1 Introduction
247(2)
12.2 MIMO Decomposing Techniques
249(2)
12.3 Tag Detection in MIMO
251(2)
12.4 Experimental Setup
253(1)
12.5 Simulations
254(4)
12.6 Results
258(10)
12.7 Conclusion
268(1)
Reference
268(1)
13 Conclusion for Part II
269(6)
13.1 Summary of The Proposed Techniques in Part II
269(2)
13.2 Limitations of The Proposed System
271(1)
13.3 Potential Applications
272(1)
13.4 Future Work and Open Issues
273(2)
Reference
274(1)
Index 275
Nemai Chandra Karmakar, PhD, is the lead researcher at the Monash Microwave, Antenna, RFID and Sensor Laboratory (MMARS) at Monash University, Australia. He received his PhD in ITEE from the University of Queensland, Australia, in February 1999. Dr. Karmakar is a pioneer in fully printable Chipless RFID tags and sensors, readers, signal processing, and smart antennas. He has published more than 350 scientific journal and conference articles, 9 books, 35 book chapters, and 9 patent applications.

Mohammad Zomorrodi, PhD, is a R&D engineer at RFS, Melbourne, Australia. Dr. Zomorrodi has served as a lecturer at various universities in Iran for more than 6 years. Hereceived his PhD at the Electrical and Computer Systems Engineering Department of Monash University in 2015. He has written several conference papers, journal articles and has worked on two books in the field.

Chamath Divarathne, PhD, is a design engineer at Unico Computer Systems Pty Ltd, Melbourne, Australia. Dr. Divarathnereceived his PhDat the Electrical and Computer Systems Engineering Department of Monash University in 2015. He is an alumni of Carnegie Mellon University from which he received his MSc in Information Networking.
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