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E-raamat: Advanced Introduction to Environmental Impact Assessment

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Elgar Advanced Introductions are stimulating and thoughtful introductions to major fields in the social sciences and law, expertly written by the worlds leading scholars. Designed to be accessible yet rigorous, they offer concise and lucid surveys of the substantive and policy issues associated with discrete subject areas.

The Advanced Introduction to Environmental Impact Assessment explores the unifying and universal principles at the heart of Environmental Impact Assessment (EIA) wherever it may be practiced worldwide. This overview of the field by Angus Morrison-Saunders emphasizes the big ideas upon which EIA was founded and which remain central to theory and practice today. In a nutshell, EIA is essentially about thinking before acting.

Key Features include:









A reminder of the fundamental ideas promoted by the pioneers and early writers about EIA Consideration of environment and development and how the two come together in EIA A short and concise overview of international best practice EIA principles as they apply today Reflections on the increasing need to adopt a holistic, sustainability-oriented approach to EIA.

This book is relevant to all stakeholders involved in EIA including practitioners, researchers, and teachers. It will also appeal to university students studying engineering, environmental science, geography, sustainability, and policy studies.
Preface viii
Acknowledgements x
PART 1 OVERVIEW AND CONTEXT
1 Introduction: setting the scene
3(8)
1.1 Think before you act -- the big idea of EIA
4(1)
1.2 The need for and nature of EIA
5(1)
1.3 Defining EIA
6(5)
2 Forms of EIA
11(10)
2.1 Formal versus informal EIA
11(4)
2.2 The terminology and focus of EIA
15(6)
3 Back to the beginning -- EIA and the National Environmental Policy Act 1969 (US)
21(10)
3.1 The National Environmental Policy Act 1969 (NEPA)
21(2)
3.2 Invention of the formal EIA mechanism
23(2)
3.3 EIA and development
25(1)
3.4 EIA as an action-forcing mechanism for behavioural change
26(1)
3.5 Early evaluations of EIA effectiveness
27(4)
4 A brief reflection on the goals and purpose of EIA
31(8)
4.1 Models for how EIA works
31(2)
4.2 EIA for sustainable development
33(6)
PART 2 GENERIC EIA PROCESS COMPONENTS
5 EIA and decision-making
39(8)
5.1 What decisions are addressed by EIA?
39(5)
5.2 Trade-off decision-making
44(3)
6 Screening and scoping
47(7)
6.1 Screening
47(3)
6.2 Scoping
50(4)
7 Prediction, assessment and mitigation
54(9)
7.1 Impact prediction
54(3)
7.2 Assessment -- determining significance
57(3)
7.3 Mitigation
60(3)
8 Review, approval decision and EIA follow-up
63(14)
8.1 Review
63(2)
8.2 Approval decision
65(2)
8.3 EIA follow-up
67(10)
PART 3 ABOUT DEVELOPMENT
9 Spectrum of development and design considerations
77(9)
9.1 Spectrum of development
77(4)
9.2 EIA as a design tool
81(5)
10 Alternatives and mitigation
86(15)
10.1 The hierarchy of alternatives
86(4)
10.2 The mitigation hierarchy
90(11)
PART 4 ABOUT ENVIRONMENT
11 Representing environment
101(5)
11.1 The importance of baseline monitoring
101(2)
11.2 Conducting baseline studies
103(1)
11.3 Systems representations of environment
104(2)
12 Engaging with stakeholders
106(13)
12.1 Natural justice in EIA and other reasons for public participation
107(2)
12.2 The importance of context
109(3)
12.3 Spectrum of public participation practice
112(2)
12.4 Public participation techniques
114(5)
PART 5 BRINGING DEVELOPMENT AND ENVIRONMENT TOGETHER
13 Science, uncertainty and adaptive management in EIA
119(10)
13.1 Science and EIA
119(4)
13.2 Understanding and managing uncertainty in EIA
123(2)
13.3 Adaptive management
125(4)
14 Cumulative impact assessment
129(12)
14.1 Defining cumulative impacts
129(3)
14.2 Cumulative impact pathways
132(2)
14.3 Cumulative impact consideration in EIA
134(7)
PART 6 CLOSING REMARKS ON EIA
15 Conclusions
141(9)
15.1 Thinking about EIA effectiveness
141(1)
15.2 Procedural effectiveness -- seeking best practice EIA
142(2)
15.3 Substantive effectiveness -- does EIA achieve what it is supposed to achieve?
144(2)
15.4 Transactive effectiveness -- is EIA worth it?
146(1)
15.5 Putting the pieces together
146(2)
15.6 A future for EIA
148(2)
References 150(19)
Index 169
Angus Morrison-Saunders, Professor of Environmental Management, Centre for People, Place & Planet, and School of Science, Edith Cowan University, Australia; Extraordinary Professor, Research Unit for Environmental Sciences and Management, North West University, South Africa, and Senior Associate, Cambridge Institute for Sustainability Leadership, University of Cambridge, UK
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