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E-raamat: Advanced Polymeric Systems: Applications in nanostructured materials, composites and biomedical fields

Edited by (Point Pleasant, New Jersey, USA), Edited by (Point Pleasant, New Jersey, USA), Edited by , Edited by , Edited by , Edited by (Mahatma Gandhi University, India)
  • Formaat: 266 pages
  • Ilmumisaeg: 01-Sep-2022
  • Kirjastus: River Publishers
  • Keel: eng
  • ISBN-13: 9781000791365
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Advanced Polymeric Systems: Applications in nanostructured materials, composites and biomedical fieldsSuurem pilt
  • Formaat: 266 pages
  • Ilmumisaeg: 01-Sep-2022
  • Kirjastus: River Publishers
  • Keel: eng
  • ISBN-13: 9781000791365
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Over recent years a considerable amount of effort has been devoted, both in industryand academia, towards the incorporation of various macro, micro, and nano sizedfillers into polymers. There is also much interest in the evaluation of variouspolymer properties with respect to a wide set of applications. The advances innanotechnology together with the development in material sciences has improvedthe shortcomings of these materials over the decade. Thisbook covers the latest advances in the field of polymer nanocomposites andpolymer composites for varied applications.

Themajor topics discussed in the book include:
  • Nanostructured materials for energy applications
  • Nanostructured polymercomposites
  • Bio-polymers
  • Nanostructured polymers for biomedical applications 
The book contains extended and updated research papersthat were initially selected for the ICAMP-2017 conference which focused onadvances in polymer materials.

The book is ideal for researchers and practitioners inpolymer science and materials science as well as for graduate students inpolymer chemistry, materials science, nanotechnology and biomedical engineering.
Preface xiii
List of Contributors
xvii
List of Figures
xxi
List of Tables
xxvii
List of Abbreviations
xxix
I Nanostructured Materials for Energy Applications
1(68)
1 Smart Nano-Enhanced Organic Phase Change Materials for Thermal Energy Storage Applications
3(28)
Swati Sundararajan
Asit B. Samui
1.1 Introduction
4(4)
1.1.1 Types of PCM
6(1)
1.1.2 Physical Form of PCM
7(1)
1.2 Inorganic Nanocomposites
8(1)
1.3 Metallic Nanoparticles
9(2)
1.4 Carbon Nanocomposites
11(5)
1.4.1 Carbon Fibre
13(1)
1.4.2 Carbon Nanospheres (CNS)
13(1)
1.4.3 Carbon Nanotubes (CNT)
13(2)
1.4.4 Multiwall Carbon Nanotubes (MWCNT)
15(1)
1.4.5 Single-walled Carbon Nanotubes (SWCNT)
15(1)
1.5 Graphene Nanocomposites
16(5)
1.5.1 Graphene Oxide (GO) and Derivatives
16(2)
1.5.2 Graphene Aerogels (GA)
18(1)
1.5.3 Expanded Graphite (EG)
18(1)
1.5.4 Graphene Nanoplatelets (GNPs)
19(2)
1.5.5 Graphite Foam (GF)
21(1)
1.6 Conclusions
21(1)
References
22(9)
2 Fabrication of Natural Dye-Sensitised Solar Cells Based on Quasi Solid State Electrolyte Using Ti02 Nanocomposites
31(14)
N. Suganya
G. Hari Hara Priya
V. Jaisankar
2.1 Introduction
32(1)
2.2 Experimental
33(3)
2.2.1 Materials
33(1)
2.2.2 Methods
33(1)
2.2.2.1 Preparation of nano-TiO2, nano-ZnO and nano-CuO
33(1)
2.2.2.2 Preparation of TiO2/ZnO and TiO2/CuO Core/Shell nanomaterials
34(1)
2.2.3 Fabrication of DSSC Electrodes
34(1)
2.2.3.1 Preparation of photoanode
34(1)
2.2.3.2 Preparation of gel polymer electrolyte
35(1)
2.2.3.3 Preparation of natural dye sensitiser
35(1)
2.2.3.4 Preparation of counter electrode
35(1)
2.2.3.5 Cell assembly
35(1)
2.2.4 Characterisation Methods
36(1)
2.3 Results and Discussion
36(6)
2.3.1 UV-Visible Spectroscopy
36(1)
2.3.2 Fourier-Transform Infrared (FTIR) Spectroscopy
37(1)
2.3.3 Scanning Electron Microscopy (SEM)
38(1)
2.3.4 Energy Dispersive Spectroscopy (EDS)
38(1)
2.3.5 Electrochemical Impedance of Gel Polymer Electrolyte
38(1)
2.3.6 Current Voltage Characteristics
38(4)
2.4 Conclusion
42(1)
Acknowledgements
42(1)
References
42(3)
3 Implementing ZnO Nanomaterials in P3HT:PCBM Based Hybrid Solar Cell
45(24)
R. Geethu
K. S. Ranjith
R. T. Rajendra Kumar
K. P. Vijayakumar
3.1 Introduction
46(1)
3.2 Vertically Well-aligned ZnO Nanorods and Its Solar Cell Application
47(14)
3.2.1 Seed Layer Deposition
48(3)
3.2.2 Growth of Vertically Well-aligned ZnO Nanorod
51(1)
3.2.2.1 Role of seed layer deposition temperature on the growth of vertically aligned ZnO nanorods
51(2)
3.2.2.2 Role of pH, Zn precursor concentration for the growth of vertically aligned ZnO nanorod arrays
53(1)
3.2.3 Hybrid Solar Cell Fabrication Using ZnO Nanorods
54(1)
3.2.3.1 Organic layer deposition
54(1)
3.2.3.2 Top electrode deposition
55(1)
3.2.3.3 Device characterisation
56(5)
3.3 Tangled Nano- and Micro-Root Structure for Photovoltaic Application
61(3)
3.4 Conclusion
64(1)
References
64(5)
II Nanostructured Polymer Composites
69(32)
4 Effect of Nanosilica Concentration on the Mechanical, Viscoelastic and Morphological Properties of Polypropylene/Styrene-Ethylene/Butylene-Styrene Blend
71(14)
Harekrishna Panigrahi
Smrutirekha Mishra
Avinash Nath Tiwari
M. P. Singh
4.1 Introduction
72(2)
4.2 Experimental Part
74(2)
4.2.1 Materials Used
74(1)
4.2.2 Preparation of Nanocomposites
75(1)
4.2.3 Characterisation
75(1)
4.2.3.1 Mechanical properties
75(1)
4.2.3.2 Viscoelastic properties
75(1)
4.2.3.3 Morphological properties
76(1)
4.3 Results and Discussion
76(5)
4.3.1 Tensile Stress-Strain Studies
76(2)
4.3.2 Dynamic Mechanical Analysis (DMA)
78(1)
4.3.3 High-resolution Transmission Electron Microscopy (HRTEM)
79(2)
4.4 Conclusion
81(1)
References
81(4)
5 A Comparative Approach to Structural Heterogeneity of Polyaniline and Its ZnO Nanocomposites
85(16)
Bhabhina Ninnora Meethal
P. C. Ajisha
Dharsana M. Vidyadharan
Jyothilakshmi V. Prakasan
Sindhu Swaminathan
5.1 Introduction
86(1)
5.2 Experimental
87(1)
5.2.1 Synthesis of Polyaniline and Its ZnO Nanocomposites
87(1)
5.2.2 Photocatalysis
87(1)
5.2.3 Quantification of Hydroxyl Radicals from Nanocomposites
88(1)
5.3 Results and Discussions
88(9)
5.4 Conclusions
97(1)
Acknowledgements
97(1)
References
98(3)
III Bio-polymers
101(90)
6 Synthesis and Characterisation of Polyurethanes from Bio-Based Vegetable Oil
103(10)
D. Venkatesh
V. Jaisankar
6.1 Introduction
103(1)
6.2 Materials and Method
104(2)
6.2.1 Synthesis of the Epoxidised Vegetable Oil
105(1)
6.2.2 Synthesis of Castor Oil Fatty Acid
105(1)
6.2.3 Synthesis of Vegetable Oil-Based Polyol
105(1)
6.2.4 Preparation of Polyurethanes
105(1)
6.3 Characterisation
106(1)
6.4 Result and Discussion
106(4)
6.4.1 Infrared Spectroscopy
106(1)
6.4.2 Proton (1H) Nuclear Magnetic Resonance Spectroscopy
107(1)
6.4.3 Thermal Analysis
108(2)
6.5 Conclusions
110(1)
References
110(3)
7 Application of Lepidium sativum as an Excipient in Pharmaceuticals
113(22)
S. V. Sutar
S. S. Shelake
S. V. Patil
S. S. Patil
7.1 Introduction
114(2)
7.2 Material and Methods
116(7)
7.2.1 Materials
116(1)
7.2.2 Methods of Formulation
116(3)
7.2.3 Experimental Work
119(4)
7.3 Result and Discussion
123(9)
7.4 Conclusions
132(1)
References
132(3)
8 Role of Polyhydroxyalkanoates (PHA-biodegradable Polymer) in Food Packaging
135(40)
Abhishek Dutt Tripathi
Simmie Sebstraien
Kamlesh Kumar Maurya
Suresh Kumar Srivastava
Shankar Khade
Kundan
8.1 Introduction
135(4)
8.2 Production
139(6)
8.3 Characterisation and Identification
145(4)
8.3.1 Spectrophotometric Methods
145(1)
8.3.2 Infrared Spectroscopy
146(1)
8.3.3 High-Performance Liquid Chromatography (HPLC)
147(1)
8.3.4 Gas Chromatography-Mass Spectrometry (GC-MS)
147(1)
8.3.5 NMR Spectroscopy
147(1)
8.3.6 Flow cytometry and Spectrofluorometry
147(1)
8.3.7 Staining Reactions and Microscopy
148(1)
8.4 Extraction and Recovery
149(10)
8.4.1 Using Chloroform and Sodium Hypochlorite
149(1)
8.4.2 Using Surfactant and Chelating Agents
150(1)
8.4.3 Using Alkali
150(1)
8.4.4 Using Enzymes
151(1)
8.4.5 Using Microbial Method of Extraction
151(1)
8.4.6 Purification of Biopolymers
152(3)
8.4.7 Application of Biopolymers in Food Packaging
155(4)
8.5 Biodegradability
159(4)
8.5.1 Enzymatic Degradability
160(2)
8.5.2 Versions and Title of Standard Testing Methods for Determining Biodegradability of Materials in Soil
162(1)
8.5.3 American Society for Testing and Materials Inter-national (ASTM)
162(1)
8.5.4 French and Italian Normalisation Organisations (AFNOR, UNI)
162(1)
8.5.5 OECD Guidelines
163(1)
8.6 Challenges and Opportunity
163(1)
References
163(12)
9 Xylitol: Fermentative Production and Statistical Optimization Using Novel Isolates of Candida parapsilosis Strain BKR1 in the Indigenously Designed Multiphase Reactor
175(16)
Balakrishnaraja Rengaraju
D. Vinotha
P. Ramalingam
9.1 Introduction
176(1)
9.2 Fermentation and Statistical Optimization
177(10)
9.2.1 Plackett-Burman (PB) Experimental Design
178(1)
9.2.2 Response Surface Methodology
179(1)
9.2.3 Model Fitting and Statistical Analysis
179(5)
9.2.4 Validation of the Experimental Model
184(3)
9.3 Conclusion
187(1)
Acknowledgements
188(1)
References
188(3)
IV Nanostructured Polymers for Biomedical Applications
191(38)
10 Self-assembled Nanostructures of Polysaccharides for Therapeutics
193(24)
V. S. Prasad
Aarsha Surendren
P. Anju
Asha Susan Chacko
Sumesh Soman
10.1 Introduction
194(4)
10.2 Polysaccharides for Drug Delivery
198(1)
10.3 Self-assembled Nanostructures
199(2)
10.3.1 Micelles
199(1)
10.3.2 Vesicles
199(2)
10.3.3 Giant Vesicles
201(1)
10.4 Other Polysaccharides Used in Drug Delivery
201(5)
10.4.1 Dextrin
201(1)
10.4.2 Chitosan
202(2)
10.4.3 Alginates
204(1)
10.4.4 Gellan Gum
205(1)
10.4.5 Xanthan Gum
205(1)
10.4.6 Pullulan
206(1)
10.4.7 Cellulose
206(1)
10.5 Nanocellulose for Drug Delivery
206(1)
10.6 Synthesis of Giant Vesicles from Nanocellulose
207(1)
10.7 Conclusions
208(1)
References
208(9)
11 Antimicrobial Effects of Biosynthesised Silver Nanoparticles Using Pimenta Dioica Leaf Extract
217(12)
Reshma R. Pillai
P. B. Sreelekshmi
A. P. Meera
11.1 Introduction
217(2)
11.2 Experimental
219(3)
11.2.1 Materials Used
219(1)
11.2.1.1 Preparation of the leaf extract
219(1)
11.2.1.2 Synthesis of silver nanoparticles
220(1)
11.2.2 Characterisation Techniques of Nanoparticles
220(1)
11.2.2.1 Fourier transforms infrared spectroscopy (FTIR)
220(1)
11.2.2.2 UV-visible spectroscopy
220(1)
11.2.2.3 Morphological analysis
221(1)
11.2.3 Biological Activity of the Nanoparticles
221(1)
11.2.3.1 Antibacterial activity
221(1)
11.2.3.2 Antifungal activity
222(1)
11.3 Results and Discussion
222(5)
11.3.1 Characterisation of Silver Nanoparticles
222(1)
11.3.1.1 UV-visible spectroscopy
222(1)
11.3.1.2 FT-IR spectral studies
222(1)
11.3.2 Morphological Analysis
223(1)
11.3.2.1 Scanning electron microscopy (SEM)
223(1)
11.3.2.2 Transmission electron microscopy (TEM)
224(1)
11.3.3 Biological Activity of the Complexes
224(3)
11.4 Conclusions
227(1)
Acknowledgements
227(1)
References
227(2)
Index 229(2)
About the Editors 231
Didier Rouxel, K.M. Praveen, Indu Raj, Sandhya Gopalakrishnan, Nandakumar Kalarikkal, Sabu Thomas
Lisainfo e-raamatute kohta Lisainfo e-raamatute kohta
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