Providing information on heat transfer, this text includes the transfer properties found in porous media, laser speckle photography techniques, and Czochralski crystal growth practices.
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Contributors ix(2) Preface xi Microscales of Turbulent Heat and Mass Transfer 1(92) VEDAT S. ARPACI I. Introduction 1(18) A. Origin of Microscales 4(1) B. A Novel Approach 5(14) II. Heat Transfer 19(32) A. Convection 19(14) B. Two-Phase Film 33(10) C. Microgravity 43(8) III. Mass Transfer 51(35) A. Diffusion Flame 52(26) B. Pulsed Combustion 78(8) Nomenclature 86(1) References 87(6) Multiphase Flow and Heat Transfer in Porous Media 93(104) C. Y. WANG P. CHENG I. Introduction 93(2) II. Theoretical Considerations 95(17) A. Basic Concepts 95(3) B. Multiphase Flow Model (MFM) 98(4) C. Unsaturated Flow Theory (UFT) 102(1) D. Multiphase Mixture Model (MMM) 103(5) E. Comparisons of Various Models 108(2) F. Nonequilibrium Effects 110(1) G. Non-Darcian Effects 111(1) III. Two-Phase, Single-Component Systems 112(50) A. One-Dimensional Situations 114(8) B. Internal Boiling and Natural Convection 122(14) C. Internal Boiling and Forced Convection 136(5) D. External Condensing Flows 141(7) E. External Boiling Flows 148(4) F. Steam Injection 152(9) G. Summary 161(1) IV. Multiphase, Multicomponent Systems 162(24) A. One-Dimensional Systems 164(3) B. Liquid-Gas Systems 167(17) C. Three-Phase Systems 184(1) D. Summary 185(1) V. Conclusions 186(1) Nomenclature 187(1) References 188(9) Enhancement of Heat Transfer and Fouling Mitigation 197(58) EUAN F. C. SOMERSCALES ARTHUR E. BERGLES I. Introduction 197(2) II. Theoretical Ideas 199(14) A. Introduction 199(1) B. Heat Transfer Intensification 199(10) C. Heat Transfer Area Enlargement 209(4) III. Assessment of Empirical Data 213(3) A. Electrically Heated Test Surfaces 213(1) B. Sensible Heat Exchangers 213(3) IV. Extended Surfaces 216(1) A. Introduction 216(1) B. Test Data 216(1) C. Concluding Remarks 217(1) V. Rough Surfaces 217(10) A. Introduction 217(2) B. Patent Literature 219(1) C. Methodology for Analyzing the Test Data 220(1) D. Results for Laboratory Tests 220(3) E. Results of Field Tests 223(1) F. Concluding Remarks 224(3) VI. Displaced Enhancement Devices 227(3) A. Hi Tran Radial Mixing Elements 227(1) B. Spirelf System 228(2) VII. Swirl Flow Devices 230(1) A. Rotating Twisted Tape 230(1) VIII. Surface Tension Devices 230(2) IX. Treated and Structured Surfaces 232(3) A. Porous Layer Enhancement 232(2) B. Structured Surfaces 234(1) C. Concluding Remarks 235(1) X. Additives 235(2) A. Introduction 236(1) B. Fluid Bell Heat Exchanger 236(1) XI. Mechanical Aids 237(5) A. Stirring 237(2) B. Surface Scraping 239(2) C. Rotating Surfaces 241(1) XII. Vibration 242(1) A. Introduction 242(1) B. Resonating Pulse Reactor 243(1) XIII. Electric and Electromagnetic Fields 243(1) XIV. Injection and Suction 244(1) A. Injection 244(1) B. Suction 244(1) XV. Compound Enhancement 244(2) A. Swirl Flow and Additives 245(1) B. Rough Surface and Additives 246(1) XVI. Prospects for the Future 246(1) XVII. Conclusions 247(1) Nomenclature 248(1) References 249(6) Laser Speckle Photography Technique Applied for Heat and Mass Transfer Problems 255(58) K. D. KIHM I. Introduction 255(1) II. Speckle Photography Technique 256(11) A. Operating Principle of Speckle Photography 256(5) B. Point-by-Point Interrogation of a Specklegram 261(3) C. Full-View Interrogation of a Specklegram 264(1) D. Specklegram Interferometry 265(2) E. Comparison of Speckle Photography versus Speckle Interferometry 267(1) III. Applications to Natural Convection Problems 267(16) A. Simplified Data Reduction for One-Dimensional Refraction 268(1) B. Determination of the Heat Transfer Coefficient Using Specklegram Data 269(3) C. Isothermal Single Vertical Wall 272(2) D. Isothermal Vertical Channels Flows 274(4) E. Upward-Facing Isothermal Surfaces 278(3) F. Converging Channel Flows 281(2) IV. Applications for Turbulent Flows with Density Fluctuation 283(10) A. Laminar and Imhomogenous Density Fields 285(4) B. Fluctuating Density and Temperature Fields 289(2) C. Single-Exposure Speckle Photography 291(2) V. Applications for Flame Temperature Measurements 293(9) A. Tomographic Reconstruction of Temperature Field 293(3) B. Axisymmetric Candle Flames 296(3) C. Premixed Gaseous Flames 299(3) VI. Applications for Liquid Temperature Measurements 302(2) VII. Concluding Remarks 304(3) References 307(6) Transport Phenomena in Czochralski Crystal Growth Processes 313(124) V. PRASAD H. ZHANG A. P. ANSELMO I. Introduction 313(13) A. Growth of Elemental Semiconductors 313(6) B. Growth of Oxide Crystals 319(1) C. Growth of III-V Compounds 319(3) D. Technological Challenges in Growth of III-V Compounds 322(3) E.
Chapter Organization 325(1) II. Theoretical Model 326(36) A. Mathematical Model 327(20) B. Transport Simulations 347(5) C. Multizone Adaptive Curvilinear Finite Volume Scheme 352(5) D. Thermomechanical Models 357(5) III. Analysis of Melt Flow Mechanisms 362(8) A. Natural Convection 362(2) B. Surface Tension 364(1) C. Rotation 364(1) D. Natural Convection and Surface Tension 365(2) E. Natural Convection and Rotation 367(2) F. Surface Tension and Rotation 369(1) G. Summary of Flow Effects 370(1) IV. Convection in Czochralski Melts Systems 370(42) A. Natural Convection 370(13) B. Flows Driven by Buoyancy, Surface Tension and Rotation 383(7) C. Effect of an Applied Magnetic Field 390(2) D. Three-Dimensional Effects 392(3) E. Simulation Experiments 395(7) F. Growth Experiments 402(1) G. Global Heat Transfer 403(3) H. Convection in a Continuous Czochralski Growth System 406(2) I. Convection in a Czochralski Melt with Partition 408(4) V. Convection in High-Pressure Liquid-Encapsulated Czochralski Growth 412(11) A. Convection in the System for Indium Phosphide Synthesis and Growth 414(3) B. Convection in High-Pressure Liquid-Encapsulated Czochralski Growth 417(5) C. Stress in High-Pressure Liquid-Encapsulated Czochralski Grown Crystals 422(1) D. Effect of Magnetic Field 422(1) VI. Concluding Remarks 423(2) VIII. Nomenclature 425(1) References 426(11) Index 437
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