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E-raamat: Advances In Multi-photon Processes And Spectroscopy, Vol 19

Edited by (Tohoku Univ, Japan), Edited by (Inst De Physique Et Chimie Des Materiaux De Strasbourg, France), Edited by (Nat'l Chiao-tung Univ, Taiwan, Inst Of Atomic & Molecular Sciences, Taiwan & Arizona State Univ, Usa), Edited by (Kyushu Univ, Japan)
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In view of the rapid growth in both experimental and theoretical studies of multi-photon processes and multi-photon spectroscopy of atoms, ions, and molecules in chemistry, physics, biology, material science, etc., it is desirable to publish an advanced series that contains review papers readable not only by active researchers in these areas, but also by those who are non-experts but wish to enter the field. The present volume attempts to serve this purpose. Each chapter is written in a self-contained manner by the experts in their own area of expertise so that general readers can grasp the knowledge in that area without too much preparation.

This volume covers five main topics: the first one involves experimental studies on "Dynamics of the vibrationally excited molecules and clusters studied by IR-uv and uv-IR double resonance spectroscopy", and on "Dynamics of liquid droplet excited by IR multi-photon spectroscopy". The second topic involves electron and/or nuclear dynamics of atoms and molecules in intense laser fields: "Electron spectroscopy of molecules in intense laser fields" and "Selective bond breaking in dissociative ionization of ethanol induced by tailored intense laser field". The third topic is associated with material science: "Evolution of transient structures in solids and liquids by means of time resolved X-ray diffraction and X-ray absorption fine structure", while the fourth topic is about "Photonic crystal" and its applications. The fifth topic is related to information science: "Quantum computing and entanglement generation by using intramolecular degrees of freedom".

In view of the rapid growth in both experimental and theoretical studies of multi-photon processes and multi-photon spectroscopy of atoms, ions, and molecules in chemistry, physics, biology and materials science, it is timely to publish an advanced series that contains review papers readable not only by active researchers in these areas, but also by those who are non-experts but who wish to enter the field. This present volume attempts to serve this purpose. Each chapter is written in a self-contained manner by experts in their own area of expertise so that general readers can grasp the knowledge in that area without too much preparation.
Preface v
1 Dynamics of the Vibrationally Excited Molecules and Clusters Studied by IR-UV and UV-IR Double Resonance Spectroscopy
1(30)
Takayuki Ebata
1 Introduction
1(3)
2 Excitation Scheme and Experimental Setup
4(2)
2.1 Picosecond IR-UV pump-probe spectroscopy for VER in S0
4(1)
2.2 UV-IR double resonance spectroscopy for VER in S1
5(1)
3 Picosecond Time-Resolved IR-UV Pump-Probe Study of VER in the Electronic Ground State
6(12)
3.1 IVR of the OH stretching vibration of phenol and its isotopomer
6(3)
3.2 IVR of the NH2 stretching vibration of aniline and its isotopmer
9(3)
3.3 IVR and VP of the OH stretch vibration of the H-bonded clusters of phenol
12(6)
4 VER Dynamics in the Electronic Excited State Studied by UV-IR Double Resonance Spectroscopy---Application to 2-Naphthol and Its H-Bonded Clusters
18(7)
4.1 IR spectra of 2-naphthol and its H-bonded clusters in the S1 state
18(1)
4.2 VER dynamics after the UV-IR excitation of bare 2-naphthol
19(2)
4.3 VER dynamics after the UV-IR excitation of H-bonded clusters of 2-naphthol
21(1)
4.3.1 2-Naphthol-H2O H-bonded cluster
21(1)
4.3.2 2-Naphthol-CH3OH H-bonded cluster
22(1)
4.3.3 2-Naphthol-NH3 H-bonded cluster
22(1)
4.3.4 Energetics and the dynamics of the H-bond dissociation and cis → trans isomerization of the H-bonded cluster of 2-naphthol
23(2)
5 Conclusions and Outlook
25(1)
Acknowledgements
26(1)
References
26(5)
2 Dynamics of a Liquid Droplet Excited by Infrared Multi-Photon Absorption
31(36)
Akira Terasaki
1 Introduction
31(3)
2 Background of Liquid Droplet Dynamics
34(2)
3 Time-Resolved Imaging Experiment
36(15)
3.1 Experimental procedures
36(2)
3.2 Resonant vibrational excitation
38(6)
3.3 Excitation at resonance edge
44(5)
3.4 Comparison between resonant and resonance-edge excitation
49(2)
4 Model Simulation Using Molecular Dynamics
51(12)
4.1 Simulation procedure
52(1)
4.2 Collective motions
53(1)
4.3 Energy dissipation processes upon hemisphere excitation
54(1)
4.3.1 A typical disintegration process observed in snapshots
54(2)
4.3.2 Critical energies in the disintegration dynamics
56(3)
4.3.3 Dynamics in the unexcited region: A shock wave generated above a critical energy
59(4)
5 Summary
63(1)
Acknowledgments
64(1)
References
64(3)
3 Electron Spectroscopy of Molecules in Intense Laser Fields
67(26)
M. Okunishi
G. Prumper
K. Ueda
1 Introduction
67(5)
2 Experiment
72(3)
3 Comparison Between Molecular and Atomic Electron Spectra
75(8)
4 Photoelectron Angular Distributions in the Rescattering Region
83(5)
4.1 Atomic case
84(2)
4.2 Molecular case
86(2)
5 Summary
88(1)
Acknowledgments
89(1)
References
89(4)
4 Selective Bond Breaking in Dissociative Ionization of Ethanol Induced by Tailored Intense Laser Fields
93(24)
Ryuji Itakura
Kaoru Yamanouchi
Fumihiko Kannari
1 Introduction
93(1)
2 Pulse Shaping Methods
94(3)
3 Response of Ethanol to a Variety of Laser Pulse Shapes
97(14)
3.1 Linear chirp dependence
97(4)
3.2 Pulse train
101(2)
3.3 Adaptive control
103(3)
3.4 Frequency-doubled fields (2ω) and two-color fields (ω + 2ω)
106(5)
4 Summary and Perspective
111(1)
Acknowledgments
112(1)
References
112(5)
5 Evolution of Transient Structures in Solids and Liquids by Means of Time Resolved X-ray Diffraction and X-ray absorption Fine Structure
117(68)
Jie Chen
Peter M. Rentzepis
1 Introduction
118(1)
2 Ultrafast X-ray Spectroscopy
119(19)
2.1 Experimental consideration
120(1)
2.1.1 Pulsed X-ray sources
120(2)
2.1.2 Detection system
122(1)
2.1.3 Reaction initiation
122(1)
2.2 Ultrafast X-ray system
123(1)
2.2.1 Subpicosecond pulsed X-ray generation by femtosecond laser driven plasma
123(1)
2.2.2 X-ray spectra
124(1)
2.2.3 X-ray flux measurements
124(1)
2.2.4 Efficient focusing of ultrafast hard X-rays
125(3)
2.2.5 Ultrafast X-ray pulse duration measurement
128(1)
2.2.6 Timing of X-ray pulse and femtosecond laser pulse
129(1)
2.3 Ultrafast time resolved X-ray diffraction
130(1)
2.4 Ultrafast time resolved X-ray absorption spectroscopy
131(1)
2.4.1 Time resolved EXAFS
131(1)
2.4.2 Experimental consideration
132(1)
2.4.2.1 Comparison between EXAFS and X-ray diffraction
132(2)
2.4.2.2 Energy dispersive spectrometer
134(1)
2.4.2.3 Data analysis
135(1)
2.4.2.4 Ultrafast EXAFS data reliability
136(2)
3 Studies of Transient Structures by Means of Time Resolved X-ray probing
138(41)
3.1 Ultrafast lattice deformation and transient structures
138(1)
3.1.1 Ultrafast X-ray diffraction experiments
138(1)
3.1.2 Lattice deformation and sonic wave generated by femtosecond laser pluses
139(4)
3.1.3 A model for lattice deformation
143(1)
3.2 Electron transfer mechanism and photochemistry of metal oxalates
144(1)
3.2.1 Introduction
144(1)
3.2.1.1 Photochemistry of ferrioxalate
144(1)
3.2.1.2 Electron transfer mechanism
145(3)
3.2.1.3 Ultrafast experiments
148(1)
3.2.2 Materials and absorption spectra
149(1)
3.2.3 Time resolved optical measurements
150(1)
3.2.3.1 Laser systems
150(1)
3.2.3.2 Kinetics of ferrioxalate photoredox reaction excited by 266/267nm
151(4)
3.2.3.3 Optical transient spectra and kinetics of trisoxalato cobaltate (III)
155(3)
3.2.4 Time resolved EXAFS experiments
158(1)
3.2.5 UHF and DFT theoretical calculation
159(2)
3.2.6 Photodissociation and electron transfer mechanism
161(1)
3.2.6.1 Histogram of Fe---O bond length change
161(4)
3.2.6.2 Intermolecular electron transfer of ferrioxalate
165(1)
3.2.6.3 Histogram of Co---O bond length change
166(2)
3.2.6.4 Photodissociation and electron transfer
168(2)
3.2.7 Photoelectron detachment and solvated electron
170(1)
3.2.7.1 Solvated electron absorption spectra
170(1)
3.2.7.2 Electron scavenging
170(2)
3.2.7.3 Photoelectron detachment mechanism
172(3)
3.2.7.4 Charge transfer to solvent band
175(1)
3.2.8 Photochemical quantum yield of ferrioxalate
176(2)
3.2.9 Conclusion
178(1)
4 Summary
179(1)
Acknowledgments
179(1)
References
180(5)
6 Photonic Crystals: From Innovation to Applications
185(28)
D. Gamra
W. Aroua
F. Abdel Malek
H. Bouchriha
1 Introduction
185(2)
2 Fundamental and Background
187(3)
2.1 Origin
187(2)
2.2 Photonic band gap
189(1)
3 Band Structure of Photonic Crystal
190(6)
3.1 Band structure of 1D photonic crystal
191(2)
3.2 Band structure of 2D and 3D photonic crystals
193(1)
3.2.1 Plane wave method
193(1)
3.2.2 2D photonic crystals
193(1)
3.2.3 3D Photonic crystals
194(2)
4 Waveguides and Coupling
196(4)
4.1 Photonic crystal with defects
196(1)
4.2 Transfer matrix method (TMM)
196(2)
4.3 Reflectivity spectra of 1D photonic crystal
198(1)
4.4 Defects in 2D photonic crystal
199(1)
5 Optical Integrated Circuit
200(9)
5.1 The finite difference time domain method (FDTD)
201(1)
5.2 Y-junction and SMF coupling
202(3)
5.3 Y-junction with point defects coupled to a SMF
205(2)
5.4 Coupling in integrated photonic circuit
207(2)
6 Superluminal Propagation
209(2)
7 Conclusions
211(1)
References
211(2)
7 Quantum Computing and Entanglement Generation Using Intramolecular Degrees of Freedom
213
K. Mishima
K. Yamashita
1 Introduction
214(3)
2 Generation of Entanglement and Arbitrary Superposition States Using Vibrational and Rotational Modes of Molecules
217(4)
2.1 Scheme of generation of arbitrary quantum states in vibrational and rotational modes of molecules
217(1)
2.2 Numerical calculation of generation of entanglement and arbitrary superposition states
218(3)
3 Quantum Algorithms
221(24)
3.1 Quantum gates
221(1)
3.2 Deutsch-Jozsa algorithm
222(2)
3.3 Optimal control theory (OCT)
224(3)
3.4 Combination of intramolecular electronic and vibrational states
227(5)
3.5 Combination of intramolecular vibrational and rotational states
232(3)
3.6 Combination of intermolecular rotational states
235(10)
4 Free-Time and Fixed End-Point Optimal Control Theory (FRFP-OCT)
245(18)
4.1 FRFP-OCT in pure state
248(4)
4.2 FRFP-OCT in dissipative media
252(11)
5 Concluding Remarks
263(1)
Acknowledgments
264(1)
References
265
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