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E-raamat: Advances In Multi-photon Processes And Spectroscopy, Vol 18

Edited by (Tohoku Univ, Japan), Edited by (Inst De Physique Et Chimie Des Materiaux De Strasbourg, France), Edited by (Nat'l Chiao-tung Univ, Taiwan, Inst Of Atomic & Molecular Sciences, Taiwan & Arizona State Univ, Usa)
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Experienced technicians and scientists from laboratories around the world synthesize the literature on how to study multi-photon processes and use multi-photon spectroscopy to study atoms, ions, and molecules in chemistry, physics, biology, materials science, and other fields. The goal is to provide both working scientists and students in any of these disciplines a broad guide that they can adapt to their specific needs and conditions. Their topics include signatures of molecular structure and dynamics in high-order harmonic generation, molecular manipulation techniques and their applications, propagation and intramolecular coupling effects in the four-wave mixing spectroscopy, and controlling molecular chirality by lasers. There is no index. Annotation ©2009 Book News, Inc., Portland, OR (booknews.com)
Preface v
1. Nonlinear Optics for Characterizing XUV/Soft X-ray High-order Harmonic Fields in Attosecond Regime 1
Yasuo Nabekawa and Katsunii Midorikawa
1. Introduction
1
1.1. Nonlinear phenomena in XUV/soft X-ray region for ultrafast optics
1
1.2. Autocorrelation measurement
3
2. Generation of Intense Harmonic Fields
5
2.1. Single atom response
6
2.2. Propagation of the harmonic fields with pumping- laser field: Phase matching
9
2.3. Development of intense high-order harmonic generator
13
3. Two-Photon Double Ionization
20
4. Measurement of Attosecond Pulse Train with Two-Photon ATI
30
5. Interferometric Autocorrelation of APT with Two-Photon Coulomb Explosion
45
5.1. Similarity of APT with mode-locked laser pulses
45
5.2. Why do we need interferometric autocorrelation?
48
5.3. Two-photon Coulomb explosion
49
5.4. Interferometric autocorrelation
52
6. Summary and Prospects
61
Acknowledgements
63
References
64
2. Signatures of Molecular Structure and Dynamics in High-Order Harmonic Generation 69
Manfred Lein and Ciprian C. Chirild
1. Introduction
69
2. Theory of High-Order Harmonic Generation
73
2.1. Basic theory
73
2.2. Three-step model
76
2.3. The strong-field approximation
79
2.4. Odd and even harmonics
84
3. Influence of Molecular Structure on HHG
86
3.1. Ionization step
86
3.2. Recombination step
89
4. Dynamical Effects
97
5. Conclusions
102
Acknowledgments
103
References
103
3. Molecular Manipulation Techniques and Their Applications 107
Hirofumi Sakai
1. Introduction
107
2. Theoretical Background
109
3. Molecular Orientation with Combined Electrostatic and Intense, Nonresonant Laser Fields
110
3.1. One-dimensional molecular orientation
110
3.2. Three-dimensional molecular orientation
114
4. Applications with a Sample of Aligned Molecules
118
4.1. Optimal control of multiphoton ionization processes in aligned 12 molecules with time-dependent polarization pulses
118
4.2. High-order harmonic generation from aligned molecules
123
5. Summary and Outlook
129
Acknowledgments
130
References
130
4. Sum Frequency Generation: An Introduction with Recent Developments and Current Issues 133
Mary Jane Shultz
1. Introduction
133
2. Electric Fields and Orientation Factors
136
2.1. Fresnel factors and propagation direction
141
2.2. Orientation factors
144
2.2.1. Simplification of the orientation tensor
146
2.3. Observed intensity
147
2.3.1. Molecular examples
150
3. Recent Developments
151
3.1. Absolute orientation determination with a reference
151
3.2. Orthogonal resonances
154
3.3. Null angle
156
3.3.1. Visible angle null, VAN
158
3.3.2. Polarization angle null, PAN
161
3.3.3. Connection with previous work
164
3.3.4. Example
165
4. Current Issues in Sum Frequency Generation
168
4.1. Interfacial optical constants and bulk contributions
168
4.2. Collective modes — a theoretical challenge
171
4.3. Probe depth
174
4.4. Nanoparticle SFG
176
4.5. Time resolution
177
4.6. Surface 2D imaging
178
5. Selected Results
180
5.1. Ions at aqueous surfaces: The case for surface H30+
180
5.2. Interactions at nanostructured interfaces
184
6. Summary
185
Acknowledgments
189
Appendix A
189
A.1 Tensor product
189
A.2 Null angle
195
References
195
5. Propagation and Intramolecular Coupling Effects in the Four-Wave Mixing Spectroscopy 201
Jose Luis Paz
1. Introduction
201
2. Four-Wave Mixing Spectroscopy
206
2.1. Study and characterization of FWM signal in the frequency space
206
2.2. Effects of solute concentration, field intensity, and spectral inhomogeneous broadening on FWM
215
2.2.1. Propagation effects
215
2.2.2. Topological studies for the FWM signal surfaces
218
2.2.3. Spectra in the frequency space
223
2.3. Approximation levels for the study of the propagation in FWM
226
3. Intramolecular Coupling
229
3.1. Molecular models
229
3.2. Theoretical characteristics of the model
231
3.3. Signal response
233
3.4. Results and discussion
236
4. Final Remarks
241
Acknowledgments
242
References
242
6. Control of Molecular Chirality by Lasers 245
Kunihito Hoki and Yuichi Fujimura
1. Introduction
245
2. Fundamental Issues in Laser Control of Molecular Chirality
247
2.1. Laser control of an ensemble of racemic mixtures
247
2.2. Photon polarizations of lasers
248
2.3. Density matrix treatment of a racemic mixture
253
3. Control Scenarios
257
3.1. Pump—dump control via an electronic excited state
258
3.2. Control of molecular chirality in a randomly oriented racemic mixture using three polarization components of electric fields
266
3.3. Stimulated Raman adiabatic passage method
275
3.4. Sequential pump—dump control of chirality transformation competing with photodissociation in an electronic excited state
280
4. Conclusions
287
Acknowledgments
288
References
288
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