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E-raamat: Advances in Ubiquitous Computing: Cyber-Physical Systems, Smart Cities and Ecological Monitoring

Edited by (CEO and Founder, Linguistic Technology Systems, Fort Lee, NJ, USA)
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Advances in Ubiquitous Computing: Cyber-Physical Systems, Smart Cities and Ecological Monitoring debuts some of the newest methods and approaches to multimodal user-interface design, safety compliance, formal code verification and deployment requirements, as they pertain to cyber-physical systems, smart homes and smart cities, and biodiversity monitoring. The contributors, who are distinguished members of universities and research centers in Europe, South Asia, Africa, and the US, have been hand selected by the editor of this volume because of their outstanding work in pervasive computing. In this anthology the authors assiduously examine a panoply of topics related to wireless sensor networks. Those topics include interacting with smart-home appliances and biomedical devices, and designing multilingual speech recognition systems that are robust to vehicular, mechanical, and other noises common to large metropolises. The authors also recognize that in building smart cities there is a pressing need for voice biometrics through which one can validate a person’s identity over a wireless medium.

In laying a foundation for the new methods and approaches to pervasive computing, this book gives the reader an understanding of the true challenges in designing smart cities, smart homes and smart communities, and in the architecture of a system for performing high-level ecological monitoring. This book is an invaluable reference to system designers and biomedical scientists, as well as emergency healthcare management agencies and first responders in the field.

  • Examines the history, scope and advances in ubiquitous computing, including threats to wildlife, tracking of disease, smart cities and Wireless Sensor Networks
  • Discusses user interface design, implementation and deployment of cyber-physical systems, such as wireless sensor networks, Internet of Things devices, and other networks of physical devices that have computational capabilities and reporting devices
  • Covers the need for improved data sharing networks
Contributors xi
Foreword xiii
Introduction xv
PART 1 Wireless sensor networks and cyber-physical systems: New approaches and methods
Chapter 1 Routing protocols for wireless sensor networks: A survey
3(14)
Bahae Abidi
Abdelillah Jilbab
Mohamed El Haziti
1.1 Introduction
3(2)
1.2 Application of WSNs
5(1)
1.3 Characteristics and constraints of WSNs
6(1)
1.4 Network topology of WSNs
7(1)
1.4.1 Bus topology
7(1)
1.4.2 Tree topology
7(1)
1.4.3 Star topology
7(1)
1.4.4 Mesh topology
7(1)
1.5 Routing protocol for WSNs
8(5)
1.5.1 Hierarchical routing protocol
8(2)
1.5.2 Data-centric routing protocol
10(1)
1.5.3 Location-based protocol
11(2)
1.6 Conclusion
13(4)
References
13(4)
Chapter 2 Replay attack detection using excitation source and system features
17(28)
Madhusudan Singh
Debadatta Pati
2.1 Introduction
17(4)
2.2 Replay speech signal
21(1)
2.3 Features used for replay detection
22(6)
2.3.1 LP residual-based implicit source features
22(4)
2.3.2 Explicit source features
26(1)
2.3.3 System features
27(1)
2.4 Experimental study
28(12)
2.4.1 Databases
28(3)
2.4.2 Experimental setup
31(2)
2.4.3 Evaluation process
33(1)
2.4.4 Experimental results and discussion
34(6)
2.5 Summary and future scope
40(5)
Acknowledgments
41(1)
References
41(4)
Chapter 3 Hypergraph-based type theory for software development in a Cyber-Physical context
45(94)
Nathaniel Christen
3.1 Hub applications and gatekeeper code
48(15)
3.1.1 Gatekeeper code
55(4)
3.1.2 Fragile code
59(1)
3.1.3 Core language vs. external tools
60(3)
3.2 Case studies
63(14)
3.2.1 How "Internet of Things" interoperability affects data modeling priorities
69(3)
3.2.2 Linguistic case study
72(3)
3.2.3 Proactive design
75(2)
3.3 Directed Hypergraphs and generalized lambda calculus
77(21)
3.3.1 Generalized lambda calculus
78(3)
3.3.2 Directed Hypergraphs and "channel abstractions"
81(4)
3.3.3 Channelized hypergraphs and RDF
85(8)
3.3.4 Procedural input/output protocols via type theory
93(5)
3.4 Modeling procedures via channelized hypergraphs
98(13)
3.4.1 Initializing function-typed values
98(6)
3.4.2 Dependent types and co-constructors
104(7)
3.5 Channels and carriers
111(15)
3.5.1 Carrier transfers
113(5)
3.5.2 Channelized-type interpretations of larger-scale source code elements
118(8)
3.6 Conclusion
126(13)
References
129(10)
Chapter 4 A new method of power efficient speech transmission over 5G networks using new signaling techniques
139(24)
Javaid A. Sheikh
Sakeena Akhtar
Arshid Iqbal Khan
Shabir A. Parah
G.M. Bhat
Amy Neustein
4.1 Introduction
139(1)
4.2 Related work
140(1)
4.3 Ultra-filter bank multicarrier modulation
141(2)
4.4 Space-time codes
143(5)
4.4.1 Bit error rate analysis using Alamouti coding
144(2)
4.4.2 Orthogonal space-time block code
146(1)
4.4.3 Maximal ratio combining
147(1)
4.5 Bit error rate (BER) analysis of BPSK modulated system
148(1)
4.6 Bit error rate (BER) analysis of a QAM modulated system
149(1)
4.7 Proposed technique
150(2)
4.8 Simulation results
152(5)
4.9 Conclusion
157(1)
References
158(5)
PART 2 Smart cities/smart homes/smart communities
Chapter 5 Study of robust language identification techniques for future smart cities
163(22)
Ravi Kumar Vuddagiri
Krishna Gurugubelli
Ramakrishna Thirumuru
Anil Kumar Vuppala
5.1 Introduction
163(2)
5.2 Related works
165(1)
5.3 Database
166(1)
5.4 Baseline LID system
167(4)
5.4.1 The i-vector-based LID system
167(1)
5.4.2 LID system using DNN
167(2)
5.4.3 LID system using DNN with attention
169(2)
5.5 Performance of LID in mismatched environments
171(1)
5.5.1 Language identification in noisy conditions
171(1)
5.5.2 Language identification in a mobile environment
171(1)
5.6 Proposed approaches for improving performance language identification in mismatched conditions
172(8)
5.6.1 Improving the performance of LID systems by vowel region-based front-end system
172(5)
5.6.2 Improving the performance of LID systems by enhancing the speech signals
177(2)
5.6.3 Improving the performance of LID systems by using CL strategies
179(1)
5.7 Conclusion and future scope
180(5)
Acknowledgment
181(1)
References
181(4)
Chapter 6 Effective natural interaction with our sensorized smart homes
185(38)
Antonio Teixeira
Nuno Almeida
Maksym Ketsmur
Samuel Silva
6.1 Introduction
185(2)
6.2 Related work
187(9)
6.2.1 Home sensors and actuators
187(1)
6.2.2 High level handling of sensor networks
187(1)
6.2.3 "Smart" appliances
188(1)
6.2.4 Ubiquitous computing, interaction, and multidevice contexts
188(1)
6.2.5 Human building interaction
189(1)
6.2.6 Interaction with smart homes
190(2)
6.2.7 Assistants
192(3)
6.2.8 Design challenges in IoT and data contexts
195(1)
6.3 An integrated vision for human-home interaction
196(1)
6.4 Integrated ubiquitous distributed solution for a smart home
197(6)
6.4.1 Smart home's information structuring
198(1)
6.4.2 Users and context
199(1)
6.4.3 Home control
200(1)
6.4.4 Multimodal interaction support
200(1)
6.4.5 Smart home test bench
201(2)
6.5 Ubiquitous human-home interaction
203(5)
6.5.1 Multimodal interaction
203(1)
6.5.2 Conversational capabilities
204(4)
6.6 Illustrative scenarios
208(8)
6.6.1 Chatting with the smart home
208(4)
6.6.2 Sending an email to the home
212(1)
6.6.3 Assisting the very young and the elderly
213(1)
6.6.4 Multimodal interaction across rooms
214(2)
6.7 Conclusion
216(7)
Acknowledgment
217(1)
References
217(6)
Chapter 7 A study on the emotional state of a speaker in voice bio-metrics
223(16)
K.N.R.K. Raju Alluri
Anil Kumar Vuppala
7.1 Introduction
223(2)
7.2 Emotional database
225(1)
7.3 Baseline emotional SR system
225(2)
7.4 Analysis of SR system performance in emotional conditions
227(3)
7.4.1 Fundamental frequency
228(1)
7.4.2 Strength of excitation
228(1)
7.4.3 Energy of excitation
228(1)
7.4.4 Duration
228(2)
7.5 Proposed strategies for SR in emotional conditions
230(3)
7.5.1 SR system with emotional UBM
230(1)
7.5.2 SR system with emotional data
231(1)
7.5.3 Selection of speaker model based on emotion recognition
232(1)
7.6 Summary and conclusions
233(6)
Acknowledgments
234(1)
References
234(2)
Further reading
236(3)
PART 3 Ecological monitoring
Chapter 8 Ubiquitous computing and biodiversity monitoring
239(22)
Todor D. Ganchev
8.1 Marine biodiversity monitoring
240(2)
8.2 Terrestrial biodiversity monitoring
242(10)
8.2.1 The ARBIMON acoustics project
244(3)
8.2.2 The AMIBIO project
247(5)
8.3 Pest control
252(2)
8.4 Health and disease transmission
254(1)
8.5 Monitoring of urban ecosystems
255(2)
8.6 Discussion and future trends
257(4)
References
257(1)
Further reading
258(3)
Chapter 9 The use of WSN (wireless sensor network) in the surveillance of endangered bird species
261(46)
Amira Boulmaiz
Noureddine Doghmane
Saliha Harize
Nasreddine Kouadria
Djemil Messadeg
9.1 Introduction
261(3)
9.2 Study area
264(2)
9.3 Study bird species
266(4)
9.3.1 The white-headed duck
266(2)
9.3.2 The ferruginous duck
268(2)
9.4 Measurement and data collection
270(1)
9.5 Habitat monitoring and wildlife information gathering
271(2)
9.5.1 Conventional observation method
271(1)
9.5.2 Mobile devices
271(1)
9.5.3 Fixed devices
272(1)
9.5.4 Comparison
272(1)
9.6 Wireless sensor networks
273(3)
9.6.1 WSNs principles
273(1)
9.6.2 Wireless sensor node structure
274(2)
9.6.3 WSNs for wildlife monitoring
276(1)
9.7 Methodology
276(4)
9.7.1 Environmental noise
277(2)
9.7.2 Limited computational capacity of wireless sensor nodes
279(1)
9.8 Bird species recognition systems
280(13)
9.8.1 Acoustic bird recognition system: Proposition 1
280(6)
9.8.2 Acoustic bird recognition system: Proposition 2
286(5)
9.8.3 Alternative acoustic features used in birdsong/speech recognition systems
291(2)
9.9 Experimental evaluations
293(6)
9.9.1 Data description (database) and experimental setup
293(1)
9.9.2 Results and discussion
294(5)
9.10 Conclusion
299(8)
References
300(6)
Further reading
306(1)
Index 307
Amy Neustein, PhD is CEO and Founder of Linguistic Technology Systems, in Fort Lee, NJ (USA), a think tank for database engineering, scientific computing, and programming language theory. She is the Volume Editor of 'Advances in Ubiquitous Computing: Cyber-Physical Systems, Smart Cities, and Ecological Monitoring' (Elsevier 2020) and author/editor of 15 academic books covering a wide range of topics: speech technology, natural language processing, robotics in healthcare, mobile speech, text mining, voice technologies for speech reconstruction and enhancement, signal and acoustic modeling for speech and communication disorders, acoustic analysis of pathologies in infants and children, legal jurisprudence and child health-related issues, forensic speaker recognition, and AI, IoT, Big Data, and Cloud Computing for Industry 4.0. She has authored over 75 articles/chapters/conference papers on this wide panoply of subjects. Dr. Neustein received her PhD in Sociology (with a concentration in sociolinguistics and ethnomethodology) from Boston University. She has served as Editor-in-Chief of the 'International Journal of Speech Technology' (Springer) from 2008 till present. She was featured in March 2018 in the SpringerNature Women in STEM” joint campaign with the United Nations for women in science and technology during Womens History Month. Dr. Neustein serves as Series Editor of 'SpringerBriefs in Speech Technology: Studies in Signal Processing, Natural Language Understanding, and Machine Learning' (Springer); Series Editor of two additional book series: 'Signals and Communication Technology' (Springer); 'Speech Technology and Text Mining in Medicine and Healthcare' (de Gruyter).