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E-raamat: Aeration Control System Design: A Practical Guide to Energy and Process Optimization

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  • Formaat: EPUB+DRM
  • Ilmumisaeg: 29-Oct-2013
  • Kirjastus: John Wiley & Sons Inc
  • Keel: eng
  • ISBN-13: 9781118777688
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Aeration Control System Design: A Practical Guide to Energy and Process OptimizationSuurem pilt
  • Formaat: EPUB+DRM
  • Ilmumisaeg: 29-Oct-2013
  • Kirjastus: John Wiley & Sons Inc
  • Keel: eng
  • ISBN-13: 9781118777688
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"Proper engineering and execution of aeration control systems is of prime importance to treatment plants, representing a significant savings in labor and energy costs. Taking an integrated, cross-disciplinary approach to this critical process, Aeration Control System Design comprehensively addresses the concept and system design of aeration activated wastewater treatment. Covering complete treatment of aeration system controls, processes, and instrumentation, this hands-on text provides civil and environmental engineers, mechanical engineers, and electrical/instrumentation engineers with theoretical and mathematical treatment of case histories, complete with design procedures and analysis methodology"--



Learn how to design and implement successful aeration control systems

Combining principles and practices from mechanical, electrical, and environmental engineering, this book enables you to analyze, design, implement, and test automatic wastewater aeration control systems and processes. It brings together all the process requirements, mechanical equipment operations, instrumentation and controls, carefully explaining how all of these elements are integrated into successful aeration control systems. Moreover, Aeration Control System Design features a host of practical, state-of-the-technology tools for determining energy and process improvements, payback calculations, system commissioning, and more.

Author Thomas E. Jenkins has three decades of hands-on experience in every phase of aeration control systems design and implementation. He presents not only the most current theory and technology, but also practical tips and techniques that can only be gained by many years of experience. Inside the book, readers will find:

  • Full integration of process, mechanical, and electrical engineering considerations
  • Alternate control strategies and algorithms that provide better performance than conventional proportional-integral-derivative control
  • Practical considerations and analytical techniques for system evaluation and design
  • New feedforward control technologies and advanced process monitoring systems

Throughout the book, example problems based on field experience illustrate how the principles and techniques discussed in the book are used to create successful aeration control systems. Moreover, there are plenty of equations, charts, figures, and diagrams to support readers at every stage of the design and implementation process.

In summary, Aeration Control System Design makes it possible for engineering students and professionals to design systems that meet all mechanical, electrical, and process requirements in order to ensure effective and efficient operations.

Preface xi
Acknowledgments xiii
List of Figures xv
List of Tables xxi
1 Introduction 1(20)
1.1 Basic Concepts and Objectives
2(7)
1.2 Safety
9(1)
1.3 The Importance of an Integrated Approach
10(3)
1.4 Importance of Operator Involvement
13(1)
1.5 The Benefits of Successful Aeration Process Automation
14(5)
1.5.1 Energy Cost Reduction
14(4)
1.5.2 Treatment Performance
18(1)
1.5.3 Improved Equipment Life
18(1)
Example Problems
19(2)
2 Initial System Assessment 21(28)
2.1 Define Current Operations
24(13)
2.1.1 Energy Cost
25(4)
2.1.2 Energy Consumption Patterns
29(6)
2.1.3 Influent and Effluent Process Parameters
35(1)
2.1.4 Treatment Performance
36(1)
2.2 Evaluate Process and Equipment
37(3)
2.3 Benchmark Performance
40(2)
2.4 Estimate Potential Energy Savings and Performance Improvement
42(3)
2.5 Prepare Report
45(2)
Example Problems
47(2)
3 Aeration Processes 49(28)
3.1 Process Fundamentals
49(19)
3.1.1 Peripheral Equipment and Processes
55(7)
3.1.2 BOD Removal
62(4)
3.1.3 Nitrification
66(1)
3.1.4 Denitrification
67(1)
3.2 Loading Variations and Their Implications
68(2)
3.3 Process Limitations and Their Impact on Control Systems
70(4)
Example Problems
74(3)
4 Mechanical and Diffused Aeration Systems 77(36)
4.1 Oxygen Transfer Basics
78(9)
4.2 Types of Aerators
87(19)
4.2.1 Mechanical Aerators
88(2)
4.2.2 Mechanical Aeration Control Techniques
90(5)
4.2.3 Diffused Aeration
95(8)
4.2.4 Diffused Aeration Control Techniques
103(3)
4.3 Savings Determinations
106(5)
Example Problems
111(2)
5 Blowers and Blower Control 113(48)
5.1 Common Application and Selection Concerns
114(20)
5.1.1 Properties of Air
114(5)
5.1.2 Effect of Humidity
119(4)
5.1.3 Pressure Effects
123(2)
5.1.4 Common Performance Characteristics
125(9)
5.2 Positive Displacement Blowers and Control Characteristics
134(9)
5.2.1 Types and Characteristics
134(1)
5.2.2 Lobe Type PD Blowers
134(4)
5.2.3 Screw Blowers
138(3)
5.2.4 Control and Equipment Protection Considerations
141(2)
5.3 Dynamic Blowers
143(14)
5.3.1 Types and Characteristics
144(6)
5.3.2 Multistage Centrifugal Blowers
150(2)
5.3.3 Geared Single Stage Centrifugal Blowers
152(2)
5.3.4 Turbo Blowers
154(1)
5.3.5 Control and Protection Considerations
155(2)
Example Problems
157(4)
6 Piping Systems 161(30)
6.1 Design Considerations
162(16)
6.1.1 Layout
162(10)
6.1.2 Pipe Size
172(2)
6.1.3 Pipe Material
174(4)
6.2 Pressure Drop
178(4)
6.3 Control Valve Selection
182(5)
Example Problems
187(4)
7 Instrumentation 191(42)
7.1 Common Characteristics and Electrical Design Considerations
192(10)
7.2 Pressure
202(3)
7.3 Temperature
205(4)
7.4 Flow
209(7)
7.5 Analytic Instruments
216(8)
7.5.1 Dissolved Oxygen
217(4)
7.5.2 Offgas Analysis
221(3)
7.5.3 pH and ORP
224(1)
7.6 Motor Monitoring and Electrical Measurements
224(2)
7.7 Miscellaneous
226(4)
Example Problems
230(3)
8 Final Control Elements 233(28)
8.1 Valve Operators
234(4)
8.2 Guide Vanes
238(1)
8.3 Motor Basics
239(8)
8.4 Motor Control
247(4)
8.5 Variable Frequency Drives
251(8)
Example Problems
259(2)
9 Control Loops and Algorithms 261(48)
9.1 Control Fundamentals
264(16)
9.1.1 Discrete Controls
264(3)
9.1.2 Analog Control
267(4)
9.1.3 Proportional-Integral-Derivative
271(3)
9.1.4 Deadband Controllers
274(2)
9.1.5 Floating Control
276(4)
9.2 Dissolved Oxygen Control
280(7)
9.3 Aeration Basin Air Flow Control
287(1)
9.4 Pressure Control
288(3)
9.5 Most-Open-Valve Control
291(2)
9.6 Blower Control and Coordination
293(9)
9.7 Control Loop Timing Considerations
302(1)
9.8 Miscellaneous Controls
303(2)
Example Problems
305(4)
10 Control Components 309(24)
10.1 Programmable Logic Controllers
310(13)
10.1.1 System Architecture
314(1)
10.1.2 Program Structure
315(3)
10.1.3 Communications Networks
318(4)
10.1.4 Accommodating Instrument Inaccuracy and Failure
322(1)
10.2 Distributed Control Systems
323(1)
10.3 Human Machine Interfaces
323(5)
10.3.1 Supervisory Control and Data Acquisition
325(2)
10.3.2 Touchscreens
327(1)
10.4 Control Panel Design Considerations
328(2)
Example Problems
330(3)
11 Documentation 333(18)
11.1 Specification Considerations
335(3)
11.2 Data Lists
338(3)
11.3 Process and Instrumentation Diagrams
341(1)
11.4 Ladder and Loop Diagrams
342(2)
11.5 One-Line Diagrams
344(1)
11.6 Installation Drawings
345(2)
11.7 Loop Descriptions
347(1)
11.8 Operation and Maintenance Manuals
348(1)
Example Problems
349(2)
12 Commissioning 351(20)
12.1 Inspection
354(3)
12.2 Testing
357(4)
12.3 Tuning
361(4)
12.4 Training
365(3)
12.5 Measurement and Verification of Results
368(1)
Example Problems
369(2)
13 Summary 371(6)
13.1 Review of Integrated Design Procedure
371(3)
13.2 Potential Problem Areas
374(1)
13.3 Benefits
375(1)
Example Problems
375(2)
Appendix A: Example Problem Solutions 377(70)
Appendix B: List of Equations and Variables 447(38)
Bibliography 485(2)
Index 487
THOMAS E. JENKINS, PE, is an owner and President of JenTech Inc., where he provides consultation services to the wastewater treatment industry, including control systems, aeration systems, energy conservation, blower systems, and process equipment design. He also cofounded Energy Strategies Corporation in 1984. Mr. Jenkins is a Professor of Practice in the Department of Civil and Environmental Engineering at the University of Wisconsin-Madison. He also teaches water and wastewater treatment classes in the University's Department of Engineering Professional Development.
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