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Part I Fundamentals of Aerodynamics |
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3 | (38) |
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1.1 Aerodynamics Research Tasks |
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3 | (3) |
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1.2 History of Aerodynamics |
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6 | (25) |
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1.2.1 Qualitative Knowledge and Practice |
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6 | (4) |
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1.2.2 Low Speed Flow Theory |
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10 | (16) |
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1.2.3 High-Speed Flow Theory |
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26 | (5) |
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1.3 The Leading Role of Aerodynamics in the Development of Modern Aircraft |
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31 | (2) |
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1.4 Aerodynamics Research Methods and Classification |
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33 | (4) |
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37 | (4) |
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38 | (3) |
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2 Basic Properties of Fluids and Hydrostatics |
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41 | (44) |
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2.1 Basic Properties of Fluids |
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41 | (15) |
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2.1.1 Continuum Hypothesis |
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41 | (3) |
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44 | (2) |
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2.1.3 Compressibility and Elasticity of Fluid |
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46 | (1) |
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2.1.4 Viscosity of Fluid (Momentum Transport of Fluid) |
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47 | (6) |
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2.1.5 The Thermal Conductivity of the Fluid (The Heat Transport of the Fluid) |
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53 | (1) |
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2.1.6 Diffusivity of Fluid (Mass Transport of Fluid) |
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54 | (2) |
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2.2 Classification of Forces Acting on a Differential Fluid Element |
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56 | (2) |
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2.3 Isotropic Characteristics of Pressure at Any Point in Static Fluid |
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58 | (2) |
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2.4 Euler Equilibrium Differential Equations |
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60 | (5) |
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2.5 Pressure Distribution Law in Static Liquid in Gravitational Field |
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65 | (6) |
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2.6 Equilibrium Law of Relative Static Liquid |
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71 | (1) |
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72 | (13) |
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77 | (8) |
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3 Foundation of Fluid Kinematics and Dynamics |
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85 | (104) |
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3.1 Methods for Describing Fluid Motion |
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86 | (8) |
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3.1.1 Lagrange Method (Particle Method or Particle System Method) |
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86 | (2) |
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3.1.2 Euler Method (Space Point Method or Flow Field Method) |
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88 | (6) |
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3.2 Basic Concepts of Flow Field |
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94 | (5) |
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3.2.1 Steady and Unsteady Fields |
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94 | (1) |
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3.2.2 Streamline and Path Line |
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95 | (3) |
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3.2.3 One-Dimensional, Two-Dimensional and Three-Dimensional Flows |
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98 | (1) |
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3.3 Motion Decomposition of a Differential Fluid Element |
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99 | (7) |
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3.3.1 Basic Motion Forms of a Differential Fluid Element |
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99 | (5) |
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3.3.2 Velocity Decomposition Theorem of Fluid Elements |
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104 | (2) |
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3.4 Divergence and Curl of Velocity Field |
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106 | (6) |
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3.4.1 Divergence of Velocity Field and Its Physical Significance |
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106 | (3) |
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3.4.2 Curl and Velocity Potential Function of Velocity Field |
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109 | (3) |
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3.5 Continuous Differential Equation |
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112 | (4) |
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3.5.1 Continuity Differential Equation Based on Lagrange View |
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112 | (1) |
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3.5.2 Continuity Differential Equation Based on Euler's Viewpoint |
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113 | (3) |
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3.6 Differential Equations of Ideal Fluid Motion (Euler Equations) |
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116 | (4) |
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3.7 Bernoulli's Equation and Its Physical Significance |
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120 | (13) |
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120 | (5) |
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3.7.2 Application of Bernoulli Equation |
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125 | (8) |
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3.8 Integral Equation of Fluid Motion |
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133 | (12) |
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3.8.1 Basic Concepts of Control Volume and System |
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133 | (2) |
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3.8.2 Lagrangian Integral Equations |
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135 | (2) |
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3.8.3 Reynolds Transport Equation |
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137 | (4) |
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3.8.4 Eulerian Integral Equations |
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141 | (2) |
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3.8.5 Reynolds Transport Equation of the Control Volume with Arbitrary Movement Relative to the Fixed Coordinate System |
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143 | (2) |
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3.9 Vortex Motion and Its Characteristics |
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145 | (44) |
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145 | (3) |
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3.9.2 Vorticity, Vorticity Flux and Circulation |
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148 | (33) |
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181 | (8) |
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4 Plane Potential Flow of Ideal Incompressible Fluid |
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189 | (46) |
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4.1 Basic Equations of Plane Potential Flow of Ideal Incompressible Fluid |
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189 | (11) |
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4.1.1 Basic Equations of Irrotational Motion of an Ideal Incompressible Fluid |
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190 | (2) |
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4.1.2 Properties of Velocity Potential Function |
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192 | (2) |
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4.1.3 Stream Functions and Their Properties |
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194 | (5) |
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4.1.4 Formulation of the Mathematical Problem of Steady Plane Potential Flow of Ideal Incompressible Fluid |
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199 | (1) |
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4.2 Typical Singularity Potential Flow Solutions |
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200 | (10) |
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201 | (1) |
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4.2.2 Point Source (Sink) |
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202 | (2) |
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204 | (3) |
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207 | (3) |
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4.3 Singularity Superposition Solution of Flow Around Some Simple Objects |
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210 | (17) |
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4.3.1 Flow Around a Blunt Semi-infinite Body |
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210 | (4) |
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4.3.2 Flow Around Rankine Pebbles |
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214 | (3) |
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4.3.3 Flow Around a Circular Cylinder Without Circulation |
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217 | (5) |
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4.3.4 Flow Around a Cylinder with Circulation |
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222 | (5) |
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4.4 Numerical Method for Steady Flow Around Two-Dimensional Symmetrical Objects |
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227 | (8) |
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232 | (3) |
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5 Fundamentals of Viscous Fluid Dynamics |
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235 | (72) |
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5.1 The Viscosity of Fluid and Its Influence on How |
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235 | (4) |
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236 | (1) |
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5.1.2 Characteristics of Viscous Fluid Movement |
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236 | (3) |
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5.2 Deformation Matrix of a Differential Fluid Element |
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239 | (2) |
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5.3 Stress State of Viscous Fluid |
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241 | (4) |
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5.4 Generalized Newton's Internal Friction Theorem (Constitutive Relationship) |
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245 | (4) |
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5.5 Differential Equations of Viscous Fluid Motion---Navier--Stokes Equations |
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249 | (6) |
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5.5.1 The Basic Differential Equations of Fluid Motion |
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249 | (1) |
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5.5.2 Navier--Stokes Equations (Differential Equations of Viscous Fluid Motion) |
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250 | (2) |
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252 | (3) |
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5.6 Exact Solutions of Navier--Stokes Equations |
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255 | (16) |
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5.6.1 Couette Flow (Shear Flow) |
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256 | (1) |
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5.6.2 Poiseuille Flow (Pressure Gradient Flow) |
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257 | (2) |
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5.6.3 Couette Flow and Poiseuille Flow Combination |
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259 | (4) |
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5.6.4 Vortex Column and Its Induced Flow Field |
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263 | (5) |
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5.6.5 Parallel Flow Along an Infinitely Long Slope Under Gravity |
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268 | (3) |
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5.7 Basic Properties of Viscous Fluid Motion |
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271 | (6) |
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5.7.1 Vorticity Transport Equation of Viscous Fluid Motion |
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271 | (2) |
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5.7.2 Rotation of Viscous Fluid Motion |
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273 | (1) |
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5.7.3 Diffusion of Viscous Fluid Vortex |
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274 | (3) |
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5.7.4 Dissipation of Viscous Fluid Energy |
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277 | (1) |
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5.8 Laminar Flow, Turbulent Flow and Its Energy Loss |
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277 | (14) |
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5.8.1 Force of Viscous Fluid Clusters and Its Influence on Flow |
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277 | (1) |
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5.8.2 Reynolds Transition Test |
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278 | (2) |
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5.8.3 The Criterion of Flow Pattern---Critical Reynolds Number |
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280 | (1) |
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5.8.4 Resistance Loss Classification |
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281 | (2) |
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5.8.5 Definition of Turbulence |
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283 | (2) |
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5.8.6 Basic Characteristics of Turbulence |
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285 | (2) |
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5.8.7 The Concept of Reynolds Time Mean |
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287 | (2) |
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5.8.8 Reynolds Time-Averaged Motion Equations |
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289 | (2) |
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5.9 Turbulent Eddy Viscosity and Prandtl Mixing Length Theory |
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291 | (3) |
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5.10 Similarity Principle and Dimensionless Differential Equations |
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294 | (13) |
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5.10.1 Principles of Dimensional Analysis-π Theorem |
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294 | (5) |
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5.10.2 Dimensionless N--S Equations |
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299 | (2) |
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301 | (6) |
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6 Boundary Layer Theory and Its Approximation |
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307 | (88) |
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6.1 Boundary Layer Approximation and Its Characteristics |
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307 | (10) |
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6.1.1 The Influence of the Viscosity of the Flow Around a Large Reynolds Number Object |
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307 | (1) |
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6.1.2 The Concept of Boundary Layer |
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308 | (2) |
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6.1.3 Various Thicknesses and Characteristics of the Boundary Layer |
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310 | (7) |
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6.2 Laminar Boundary Layer Equations of Incompressible Fluids |
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317 | (7) |
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6.2.1 Boundary Layer Equation on the Wall of a Flat Plate |
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318 | (3) |
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6.2.2 Boundary Layer Equation on Curved Wall |
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321 | (3) |
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6.3 Similar Solutions to the Laminar Boundary Layer on a Flat Plate |
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324 | (7) |
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6.4 Boundary Layer Momentum Integral Equation |
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331 | (5) |
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6.4.1 Derivation of Karman Momentum Integral Equation |
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331 | (4) |
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6.4.2 Derivation of Boundary Layer Momentum Integral Equation from Differential Equation |
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335 | (1) |
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6.5 The Solution of the Momentum Integral Equation of Laminar Boundary Layer on a Flat Plate |
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336 | (3) |
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6.6 Solution of the Momentum Integral Equation of the Turbulent Boundary Layer on a Flat Plate |
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339 | (3) |
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6.7 Boundary Layer Separation |
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342 | (8) |
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6.7.1 Boundary Layer Separation Phenomenon of Flow Around Cylinder |
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344 | (2) |
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6.7.2 Airfoil Separation Phenomenon |
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346 | (1) |
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6.7.3 Velocity Distribution Characteristics of the Boundary Layer in Different Pressure Gradient Areas |
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346 | (4) |
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6.8 Separated Flow and Characteristics of Two-Dimensional Steady Viscous Fluid |
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350 | (14) |
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6.8.1 Separation Mode-Prandtl Image |
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350 | (1) |
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6.8.2 Necessary Conditions for Flow Separation |
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351 | (2) |
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6.8.3 Sufficient Conditions for Flow Separation |
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353 | (2) |
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6.8.4 Flow Characteristics Near the Separation Point |
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355 | (3) |
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6.8.5 Singularity of Boundary Layer Equation (Goldstein Singularity) |
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358 | (3) |
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6.8.6 Critical Point Analysis of Two-Dimensional Steady Separated Flow |
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361 | (3) |
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6.9 Introduction to the Steady Three-Dimensional Separated Flow Over any Object |
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364 | (8) |
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364 | (1) |
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6.9.2 Limit Streamlines and Singularities |
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365 | (2) |
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6.9.3 The Concept of Three-Dimensional Separation |
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367 | (3) |
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6.9.4 Topological Law of Three-Dimensional Separation |
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370 | (2) |
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6.10 Resistance Over Objects |
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372 | (4) |
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6.10.1 The Resistance Over Any Object |
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372 | (3) |
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6.10.2 Two-Dimensional Flow Resistance Around a Cylinder |
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375 | (1) |
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6.11 Aircraft Drag and Drag Reduction Technology |
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376 | (19) |
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6.11.1 Composition of Aircraft Drag |
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376 | (3) |
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6.11.2 Technology to Reduce Laminar Flow Resistance |
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379 | (5) |
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6.11.3 Technology to Reduce Turbulence Resistance |
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384 | (2) |
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6.11.4 Technology to Reduce Induced Resistance |
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386 | (3) |
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6.11.5 Technology to Reduce Shock Wave Resistance |
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389 | (1) |
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390 | (5) |
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7 Fundamentals of Compressible Aerodynamics |
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395 | (98) |
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7.1 Thermodynamic System and the First Law |
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395 | (4) |
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7.1.1 Equation of State and Perfect Gas Hypothesis |
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396 | (1) |
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7.1.2 Internal Energy and Enthalpy |
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397 | (1) |
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7.1.3 The First Law of Thermodynamics |
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397 | (2) |
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7.2 Thermodynamic Process |
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399 | (5) |
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7.2.1 Reversible and Irreversible Processes |
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399 | (1) |
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7.2.2 Isovolumetric Process |
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399 | (1) |
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7.2.3 Constant Pressure Process |
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400 | (2) |
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402 | (1) |
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402 | (2) |
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7.3 The Second Law of Thermodynamic and Entropy |
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404 | (3) |
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7.4 Energy Equation of Viscous Gas Motion |
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407 | (8) |
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7.4.1 Physical Meaning of Energy Equation |
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407 | (1) |
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7.4.2 Derivation Process of Energy Equation |
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408 | (7) |
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7.5 Speed of Sound and Mach Number |
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415 | (5) |
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7.5.1 Propagation Velocity of Disturbance Wave in Elastic Medium |
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415 | (1) |
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7.5.2 Micro-Disturbance Propagation Velocity---Speed of Sound |
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416 | (2) |
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418 | (1) |
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7.5.4 Assumption of Incompressible Flow |
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419 | (1) |
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7.6 One-Dimensional Compressible Steady Flow Theory |
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420 | (10) |
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7.6.1 Energy Equation of One-Dimensional Compressible Steady Adiabatic Flow |
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420 | (1) |
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7.6.2 Basic Relations Between Parameters of One-Dimensional Compressible Adiabatic Steady Flow |
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421 | (6) |
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7.6.3 Relationship Between Velocity and Cross Section of One-Dimensional Steady Isentropic Pipe Flow |
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427 | (3) |
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7.7 Small Disturbance Propagation Region, Mach Cone, Mach Wave |
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430 | (2) |
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7.8 Expansion Wave and Supersonic Flow Around the Wall at an Outer Angle |
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432 | (10) |
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7.8.1 Mach Wave (Expansion Wave) |
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432 | (2) |
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7.8.2 The Relationship Between the Physical Parameters of the Mach Wave |
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434 | (2) |
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7.8.3 Flow Around the Outer Corner of the Supersonic Wall (Prandtl-Meyer Flow) |
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436 | (2) |
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7.8.4 The Calculation Formula for the Flow Around the Outer Corner of the Supersonic Wall |
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438 | (4) |
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7.9 Compression Wave and Shock Wave |
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442 | (20) |
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442 | (1) |
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7.9.2 The Formation Process of Shock Waves |
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443 | (2) |
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7.9.3 Propulsion Speed of Shock Wave |
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445 | (4) |
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449 | (4) |
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453 | (7) |
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7.9.6 Isolated Shock Wave |
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460 | (1) |
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7.9.7 The Internal Structure of Shock Waves |
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461 | (1) |
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7.10 Boundary Layer Approximation of a Compressible Flow |
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462 | (4) |
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7.10.1 Temperature Boundary Layer |
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463 | (1) |
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7.10.2 Recovery Temperature and Recovery Factor of Adiabatic Wall |
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464 | (2) |
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7.10.3 Boundary Layer Equation of Adiabatic Wall |
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466 | (1) |
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7.11 Shock Wave and Boundary Layer Interference |
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466 | (8) |
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7.11.1 Interference Between Normal Shock Wave and Laminar Boundary Layer |
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467 | (4) |
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7.11.2 Interference Between Oblique Shock Wave and Boundary Layer |
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471 | (2) |
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7.11.3 Head Shock and Boundary Layer Interference |
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473 | (1) |
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7.12 Compressible One-Dimensional Friction Pipe Flow |
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474 | (4) |
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7.12.1 The Effect of Friction in Straight Pipes on Airflow |
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474 | (3) |
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7.12.2 Distribution of Flow Velocity Along the Length of the Pipe |
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477 | (1) |
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7.13 Working Performance of Shrinking Nozzle, Laval Nozzle, and Supersonic Wind Tunnel |
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478 | (15) |
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7.13.1 Working Performance of Shrink Nozzle |
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478 | (2) |
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7.13.2 Working Performance of Laval Nozzle |
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480 | (2) |
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7.13.3 Working Performance of Supersonic Wind Tunnel |
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482 | (2) |
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484 | (9) |
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Part II Applied Aerodynamics |
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8 Aerodynamic Characteristics of Flow Over Low-Speed Airfoils |
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493 | (84) |
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8.1 Geometric Parameters of Airfoil and Its Development |
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493 | (11) |
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8.1.1 Development of Airfoil |
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493 | (3) |
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8.1.2 Definition and Geometric Parameters of Airfoil |
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496 | (2) |
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8.1.3 NACA Airfoil Number and Structure |
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498 | (3) |
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8.1.4 Supercritical Airfoil |
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501 | (1) |
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8.1.5 Typical Airfoil Data |
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502 | (2) |
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8.2 Aerodynamics and Aerodynamic Coefficients on Airfoils |
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504 | (10) |
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8.2.1 Relationship Between Airfoil Aerodynamics and Angle of Attack |
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504 | (4) |
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8.2.2 Aerodynamic Coefficient |
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508 | (4) |
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8.2.3 Dimensional Analysis of Lift Coefficient |
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512 | (2) |
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8.3 Overview of Flow and Aerodynamic Characteristics of Low-Speed Airfoil |
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514 | (11) |
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8.3.1 Phenomenon of Flow Over a Low-Speed Airfoil |
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514 | (2) |
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8.3.2 Curve of Aerodynamic Coefficient of Airfoil Flow |
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516 | (5) |
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8.3.3 Separation Phenomenon of Flow Around Airfoil |
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521 | (3) |
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8.3.4 Stall Characteristics of Airfoil Flow |
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524 | (1) |
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8.4 Kutta--Joukowski Trailing-Edge Condition and Determination of Circulation |
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525 | (5) |
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8.4.1 Kutta--Joukowski Trailing-Edge Condition |
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525 | (3) |
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8.4.2 Incipient Vortex and the Generation of Circulation Value |
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528 | (2) |
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8.5 Lift Generation Mechanism of Airfoil |
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530 | (3) |
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8.6 Development of Boundary Layer Near Airfoil Surface and Determination of Circulation Value |
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533 | (8) |
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8.6.1 Characteristics of Boundary Layer and Velocity Circulation Around Airfoil in a Viscous Steady Flow Field |
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533 | (3) |
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8.6.2 Vorticity Characteristics in Boundary Layer of Upper and Lower Wing Surfaces |
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536 | (2) |
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8.6.3 Evolution Mechanism of Boundary Layer During Airfoil Starting |
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538 | (3) |
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8.7 General Solution of the Steady Incompressible Potential Flow Around Airfoil |
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541 | (6) |
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8.7.1 Conformal Transformation Method |
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541 | (1) |
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8.7.2 Numerical Calculation of Airfoil---Panel Method |
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542 | (5) |
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8.8 Theory of Thin Airfoil |
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547 | (18) |
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8.8.1 Decomposition of Flow Around Thin Airfoils |
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548 | (2) |
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8.8.2 Potential Flow Decomposition of Thin Airfoil at Small Angle of Attack |
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550 | (1) |
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8.8.3 Problem of Angle of Attack and Camber |
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551 | (11) |
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8.8.4 Solution of Thickness Problem |
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562 | (3) |
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8.9 Theory of Thick Airfoil |
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565 | (2) |
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8.9.1 Numerical Calculation Method of Flow Around Symmetrical Thick Airfoil Without Angle of Attack |
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565 | (1) |
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8.9.2 Numerical Calculation Method of Flow Around Arbitrary Thick Airfoil with Angle of Attack |
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566 | (1) |
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8.10 Aerodynamic Characteristics of Practical Low-Speed Airfoils |
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567 | (4) |
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8.10.1 Wing Pressure Distribution and Lift Characteristics |
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567 | (2) |
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8.10.2 Longitudinal Moment Characteristics of Airfoils |
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569 | (1) |
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8.10.3 Pressure Center Position and Focus (Aerodynamic Center) Position |
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569 | (1) |
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8.10.4 Drag Characteristics and Polar Curve of Airfoil |
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569 | (2) |
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571 | (6) |
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9 Aerodynamic Characteristics of Low Speed Wing Flow |
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577 | (78) |
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9.1 Geometric Characteristics and Parameters of the Wing |
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577 | (5) |
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9.1.1 Plane Shape of the Wing |
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577 | (1) |
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9.1.2 Characterization of the Wing Geometry |
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578 | (4) |
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9.2 Aerodynamic Coefficient, Mean Aerodynamic Chord Length, and the Focus of the Wing |
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582 | (4) |
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9.2.1 Aerodynamic Coefficient of the Wing |
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582 | (1) |
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9.2.2 Mean Aerodynamic Chord Length of the Wing |
|
|
583 | (2) |
|
9.2.3 The Focus of the Wing |
|
|
585 | (1) |
|
9.3 Low-Speed Aerodynamic Characteristics of Large Aspect Ratio Straight Wing |
|
|
586 | (6) |
|
|
|
586 | (2) |
|
9.3.2 Vortex Structure of 3D Wing Flow at Low Speed |
|
|
588 | (4) |
|
9.4 Vortex System Model of Low-Speed Wing Flow |
|
|
592 | (4) |
|
9.4.1 Characteristics of Vortex Model |
|
|
592 | (2) |
|
9.4.2 Aerodynamic Model of the Superposition of Straight Uniform Flow and a Single n-Shaped Horseshoe Vortex |
|
|
594 | (1) |
|
9.4.3 Aerodynamic Model of the Superposition of Straight Uniform Flow, Attached Vortex Sheet and Free Vortex Sheet |
|
|
595 | (1) |
|
9.4.4 Aerodynamic Model of the Superposition of Straight Uniform Flow, Attached Vortex Line and Free Vortex Sheet |
|
|
596 | (1) |
|
9.5 Prandtl's Lifting-Line Theory |
|
|
596 | (19) |
|
|
|
596 | (1) |
|
9.5.2 Downwash Speed, Downwash Angle, Lift, and Induced Drag |
|
|
597 | (3) |
|
9.5.3 Differential-Integral Equation on the Intensity of the Attached Vortex |
|
|
600 | (4) |
|
9.5.4 Aerodynamic Characteristics of a Straight Wing with Large Aspect Ratio in General Plane Shape |
|
|
604 | (2) |
|
9.5.5 Influence of Plane Shape on Spanwise Circulation Distribution of Wing |
|
|
606 | (1) |
|
9.5.6 Aerodynamic Characteristics of General Non-Twisted Straight Wing |
|
|
607 | (4) |
|
9.5.7 Effect of Aspect Ratio on the Aerodynamic Characteristics of the Wing |
|
|
611 | (1) |
|
9.5.8 Application Range of Lifting-Line Theory |
|
|
612 | (3) |
|
9.6 Stall Characteristics of a Straight Wing with a Large Aspect Ratio |
|
|
615 | (5) |
|
9.6.1 Stall Characteristics of an Elliptical Wing |
|
|
615 | (1) |
|
9.6.2 Stall Characteristics of a Rectangular Wing |
|
|
616 | (1) |
|
9.6.3 Stall Characteristics of a Trapezoidal Wing |
|
|
617 | (1) |
|
9.6.4 Common Methods of Controlling Wing Separation |
|
|
618 | (2) |
|
9.7 Low-Speed Aerodynamic Characteristics of a Swept-Back Wing |
|
|
620 | (6) |
|
9.7.1 Flow Around a Swept-Back Wing |
|
|
620 | (2) |
|
9.7.2 Load Distribution Characteristics of a Swept-Back Wing |
|
|
622 | (1) |
|
9.7.3 Aerodynamic Characteristics of an Oblique Wing with Infinite Span |
|
|
623 | (3) |
|
9.8 Lifting-Surface Theory of Wing |
|
|
626 | (7) |
|
9.8.1 Aerodynamic Model of Lifting-Surface |
|
|
627 | (1) |
|
9.8.2 Integral Equation of Vortex Surface Intensity γ(ε, &zetz;) |
|
|
627 | (4) |
|
|
|
631 | (2) |
|
9.9 Low-Speed Aerodynamic Characteristics of a Wing with a Small Aspect Ratio |
|
|
633 | (7) |
|
|
|
633 | (2) |
|
9.9.2 Leading-Edge Suction Analogy |
|
|
635 | (1) |
|
9.9.3 Potential Flow Solution of a Small Aspect Ratio Wing |
|
|
636 | (2) |
|
9.9.4 Vortex Lift Coefficient CLv |
|
|
638 | (1) |
|
9.9.5 Determination of Kp and Kv |
|
|
639 | (1) |
|
9.10 Engineering Calculation Method for Low-Speed Aerodynamic Characteristics of a Wing |
|
|
640 | (3) |
|
9.11 Aerodynamic Characteristics of Control Surfaces |
|
|
643 | (12) |
|
|
|
643 | (1) |
|
9.11.2 Horizontal Tail Design |
|
|
644 | (1) |
|
9.11.3 Vertical Tail Design |
|
|
645 | (1) |
|
9.11.4 Requirements of the Lateral Control Surface for Aircraft Static Balance |
|
|
646 | (1) |
|
9.11.5 Aerodynamic Requirements for Aileron Configuration |
|
|
647 | (1) |
|
9.11.6 Basic Requirements for Spoiler Configuration |
|
|
647 | (1) |
|
|
|
648 | (7) |
|
10 Aerodynamic Characteristics of Low-Speed Fuselage and Wing-Body Configuration |
|
|
655 | (14) |
|
10.1 Overview of Aerodynamic Characteristics of Low-Speed Fuselage |
|
|
655 | (3) |
|
|
|
655 | (2) |
|
10.1.2 Geometric Parameters of Axis-Symmetric Body |
|
|
657 | (1) |
|
10.2 Theory and Application of Slender Body |
|
|
658 | (7) |
|
10.2.1 Linearized Potential Flow Equationin Cylindrical Coordinate System |
|
|
659 | (5) |
|
10.2.2 Cross-Flow Theory at High Angles of Attack |
|
|
664 | (1) |
|
10.3 Engineering Estimation Method for Aerodynamic Characteristics of Wing-Body Assembly |
|
|
665 | (1) |
|
10.4 Numerical Calculation of Wing Flow |
|
|
666 | (3) |
|
|
|
668 | (1) |
|
11 Aerodynamic Characteristics of Subsonic Thin Airfoil and Wing |
|
|
669 | (46) |
|
11.1 Subsonic Compressible Flow Around an Airfoil |
|
|
669 | (2) |
|
11.2 Velocity Potential Function Equation of Ideal Steady Compressible Flow |
|
|
671 | (3) |
|
11.3 Small Perturbation Linearization Theory |
|
|
674 | (6) |
|
11.3.1 Small Disturbance Approximation |
|
|
674 | (2) |
|
11.3.2 Linearization Equation of Perturbed Velocity Potential Function |
|
|
676 | (1) |
|
11.3.3 Pressure Coefficient Linearization |
|
|
677 | (1) |
|
11.3.4 Linearization of Boundary Conditions |
|
|
678 | (2) |
|
11.4 Theoretical Linearization Solution of Two-Dimensional Subsonic Flow Around the Corrugated Wall |
|
|
680 | (2) |
|
11.5 Prandtl-Glauert Compressibility Correction of Two-Dimensional Subsonic Flow |
|
|
682 | (5) |
|
11.5.1 Transformation of Linearized Equations |
|
|
683 | (2) |
|
11.5.2 Compressibility correction based on linearization theory |
|
|
685 | (2) |
|
11.6 Karman-Qian Compressibility Correction |
|
|
687 | (11) |
|
11.6.1 Characteristics of Karman-Qian Compressibility Correction |
|
|
687 | (1) |
|
11.6.2 Governing Equations for Perfectly Compressible Planar Flows |
|
|
688 | (2) |
|
11.6.3 Transformation in Velocity Plane |
|
|
690 | (3) |
|
11.6.4 Relation Between Compressible and Incompressible Flow Velocity Planes |
|
|
693 | (5) |
|
11.7 Laitone Compressibility Correction Method |
|
|
698 | (1) |
|
11.8 Aerodynamic Characteristics of Subsonic Thin Wing |
|
|
699 | (9) |
|
11.8.1 Compressibility Correction of Sweep Wing With Infinite Span |
|
|
699 | (1) |
|
11.8.2 Transformation Between Planform Shapes of Wings |
|
|
700 | (1) |
|
11.8.3 Prandtl-Glauert Law |
|
|
701 | (7) |
|
11.9 Effect of Mach Number of Incoming Flow on Aerodynamic Characteristics of Airfoil |
|
|
708 | (2) |
|
11.9.1 Effect of Mach Number on Wing Lift Characteristics |
|
|
708 | (1) |
|
11.9.2 Effect of Mach Number on the Position of the Pressure Center of the Wing |
|
|
708 | (1) |
|
11.9.3 Effect of Mach Number on Drag Characteristics of Airfoil |
|
|
709 | (1) |
|
|
|
710 | (5) |
|
12 Aerodynamic Characteristics of Supersonic Thin Airfoil and Wing |
|
|
715 | (54) |
|
12.1 Phenomena of the Thin Airfoil at Supersonic Flow |
|
|
715 | (3) |
|
12.1.1 Shock Wave Drag of Thin Airfoil at Supersonic Flow |
|
|
715 | (2) |
|
12.1.2 Supersonic Flow Around Double-Cambered Airfoil |
|
|
717 | (1) |
|
12.2 Linearized Supersonic Theory |
|
|
718 | (6) |
|
12.2.1 Fundamental Solution of Linearized Theory |
|
|
718 | (4) |
|
12.2.2 Supersonic Flow Over Corrugated Wall |
|
|
722 | (2) |
|
12.3 Linearized Theory and Loading Coefficient of Thin Airfoil at Supersonic Flow |
|
|
724 | (8) |
|
12.3.1 Linearized Theory of Thin Airfoil at Supersonic Flow |
|
|
724 | (3) |
|
12.3.2 The Relationship Between Pressure Coefficient and Mach Number in Supersonic and Subsonic Flow |
|
|
727 | (2) |
|
12.3.3 Loading Coefficient of Thin Airfoil at Supersonic Flow |
|
|
729 | (3) |
|
12.4 Aerodynamic Force Characteristics of Thin Airfoil at Supersonic Flow |
|
|
732 | (10) |
|
12.4.1 Lift Coefficient of Thin Airfoil at Supersonic Flow |
|
|
732 | (2) |
|
12.4.2 Shock Wave Drag Coefficient of Thin Airfoil at Supersonic Flow |
|
|
734 | (5) |
|
12.4.3 Pitching Moment Coefficient of Thin Airfoil at Supersonic Flow |
|
|
739 | (2) |
|
12.4.4 Comparison of Linearized Theory and Experimental Results of Supersonic Thin Airfoil |
|
|
741 | (1) |
|
12.5 Aerodynamic Characteristics of Oblique Wing with Infinite Wingspan at Supersonic Flow |
|
|
742 | (5) |
|
12.6 Conceptual Framework of Thin Wing at Supersonic Flow |
|
|
747 | (4) |
|
12.6.1 The Concept of Front and Rear Mach Cone |
|
|
747 | (1) |
|
12.6.2 Leading Edge, Trailing Edge and Side Edge |
|
|
748 | (2) |
|
12.6.3 Two-Dimensional Flow Region and Three-Dimensional Flow Region |
|
|
750 | (1) |
|
12.7 Aerodynamic Characteristics of Thin Wing with Finite Wingspan at Supersonic Flow |
|
|
751 | (3) |
|
12.8 Lift Characteristics of Rectangular Flat Wing at Supersonic Flow |
|
|
754 | (4) |
|
12.8.1 Conical Flow in the Three Dimensional Region of Supersonic Leading Edge |
|
|
754 | (1) |
|
12.8.2 Three-Dimensional Region of Supersonic Flow Around Rectangular Flat Wing |
|
|
755 | (1) |
|
12.8.3 Lift Characteristics of Supersonic Flow Around Rectangular Flat Wing |
|
|
756 | (2) |
|
12.9 Characteristic Line Theory of Supersonic Flow |
|
|
758 | (11) |
|
|
|
762 | (7) |
|
13 Aerodynamic Characteristics of Transonic Thin Airfoil and Wing |
|
|
769 | (28) |
|
13.1 Critical Mach Number of Transonic Airfoil Flow |
|
|
769 | (3) |
|
13.1.1 Problem of Transonic Flow |
|
|
769 | (1) |
|
13.1.2 Critical Mach Number |
|
|
770 | (2) |
|
13.2 Transonic Flow Over a Thin Airfoil |
|
|
772 | (3) |
|
13.3 Aerodynamic Characteristics of Transonic Thin Airfoil Flow and Its Influence by Geometric Parameters |
|
|
775 | (4) |
|
13.3.1 Relationship Between Lift Characteristics and Incoming Mach Number |
|
|
775 | (1) |
|
13.3.2 Relationship Between Drag Characteristics and Incoming Mach Number (Drag Divergence Mach Number) |
|
|
776 | (1) |
|
13.3.3 Relationship Between Pitching Moment Characteristics and Incoming Mach Number |
|
|
777 | (1) |
|
13.3.4 Influence of Airfoil Geometric Parameters on Transonic Aerodynamic Characteristics |
|
|
778 | (1) |
|
13.4 Transonic Small Perturbation Potential Flow Equation and Similarity Rule |
|
|
779 | (1) |
|
13.5 Influence of Wing Geometry Parameters on Critical Mach Number of Transonic Flow |
|
|
780 | (2) |
|
13.6 Aerodynamic Characteristics of Supercritical Airfoil Flow |
|
|
782 | (5) |
|
13.6.1 Basic Concepts of Supercritical Airfoil |
|
|
782 | (2) |
|
13.6.2 Expansion Mechanism of Supersonic Flow Over Supercritical Airfoil |
|
|
784 | (2) |
|
13.6.3 Aerodynamic Characteristics of Supercritical Airfoil Flow |
|
|
786 | (1) |
|
13.7 High-Subsonic Flow Over a Swept Wing with a High Aspect Ratio |
|
|
787 | (2) |
|
|
|
789 | (8) |
|
13.8.1 The Concept of Area Rule |
|
|
789 | (3) |
|
13.8.2 Slender Waist Fuselage |
|
|
792 | (2) |
|
|
|
794 | (3) |
|
14 High Lift Devices and Their Aerodynamic Performances |
|
|
797 | (20) |
|
14.1 Development of High Lift Devices |
|
|
797 | (3) |
|
14.2 Basic Types of High Lift Devices |
|
|
800 | (3) |
|
14.2.1 Trailing-Edge High Lift Devices |
|
|
800 | (2) |
|
14.2.2 Leading-Edge High Lift Devices |
|
|
802 | (1) |
|
14.3 Supporting and Driving Mechanism of High Lift Devices |
|
|
803 | (2) |
|
14.4 Aerodynamic Principles of High Lift Devices |
|
|
805 | (7) |
|
14.5 Aeroacoustics of High Lift Devices |
|
|
812 | (2) |
|
14.6 Method of Wind Tunnel and Numerical Simulation for High Lift Devices |
|
|
814 | (1) |
|
14.7 Technology of Hinged Flap with Deflection of Spoilers |
|
|
815 | (2) |
|
|
|
816 | (1) |
| Appendix A |
|
817 | (16) |
| Appendix B |
|
833 | (24) |
| Bibliography |
|
857 | |
Lisainfo e-raamatute kohta