Contributors |
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Preface |
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xiii | |
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1 Oxidative Stress and Aging |
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1 Oxidative Stress and Frailty: A Closer Look at the Origin of a Human Aging Phenotype |
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3 | (1) |
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Oxidative Stress and Aging |
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4 | (1) |
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4 | (2) |
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Oxidative Stress and Frailty |
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6 | (6) |
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12 | (1) |
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Conclusion and Future Perspectives |
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12 | (1) |
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13 | (1) |
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13 | (2) |
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2 Skin Aging and Oxidative Stress |
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15 | (1) |
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The Structure of Human Skin |
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15 | (1) |
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16 | (1) |
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Cellular Correlates of Skin Aging |
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16 | (1) |
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Oxidative Stress and Intrinsic Skin Aging |
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17 | (1) |
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Environmental Exposures Associated with Skin Aging |
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18 | (1) |
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19 | (2) |
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21 | (1) |
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21 | (1) |
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21 | (2) |
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3 Cardiovascular Disease in Aging and the Role of Oxidative Stress |
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23 | (2) |
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Physiology of the Aging Cardiovascular System |
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25 | (1) |
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The Molecular Basis of Oxidative Stress as Applied to the Cardiovascular System |
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26 | (3) |
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Longevity Genes and the Longevity Network |
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29 | (4) |
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Other Genes and Pathways in Oxidative Stress and Age-Related Cardiovascular Diseases |
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33 | (3) |
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36 | (1) |
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36 | (3) |
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4 Oxidative Stress, Aging and Mitochondrial Dysfunction in Liver Pathology |
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39 | (1) |
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Evidence for Age-Associated Morphologic, Structural and Functional Changes in the Liver |
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40 | (1) |
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Evidence for Age-Associated Loss of Mitochondrial Bioenergetics in Liver |
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40 | (1) |
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Oxidative Stress and Antioxidant Responses in Liver Aging |
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41 | (2) |
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Oxidative Damage to the Nuclear and Mitochondrial Genomes in Liver Aging |
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43 | (2) |
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Mitochondrial Dysfunction and Liver-Associated Disease |
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45 | (2) |
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47 | (1) |
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47 | (1) |
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47 | (2) |
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5 Arthritis as a Disease of Aging and Changes in Antioxidant Status |
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49 | (1) |
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The Concept of Oxygen Toxicity and Free Radicals |
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50 | (2) |
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Oxidative Stress in Arthritis |
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52 | (5) |
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57 | (1) |
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58 | (3) |
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6 Diabetes as a Disease of Aging, and the Role of Oxidative Stress |
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61 | (1) |
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Type 2 Diabetes and Aging |
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61 | (4) |
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The Role of Oxidative Stress in Human Disease |
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65 | (1) |
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Oxidative Stress in Type 2 Diabetes and Aging |
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65 | (3) |
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68 | (1) |
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68 | (1) |
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68 | (5) |
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7 Oxidative Stress and Antioxidants in Elderly Women |
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Brunna Cristina Bremer Boaventura |
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73 | (1) |
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Role of Estrogen in Oxidative Stress and Antioxidant Defense in Elderly Women |
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73 | (1) |
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Role of Telomere Length in Oxidative Stress and Antioxidant Defense in Elderly Women |
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74 | (1) |
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Dietary Antioxidant Therapies in Elderly Women |
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75 | (3) |
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78 | (1) |
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78 | (3) |
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8 Antioxidants, Vegetarian. Diets and Aging |
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81 | (1) |
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Human Aging: Why and How Does It Occur, and What Are the Consequences of Aging? |
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81 | (1) |
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Oxidative Stress and Aging |
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82 | (2) |
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Lowering Oxidative Stress: The Potential Role of Dietary Antioxidants in Increasing Healthspan |
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84 | (1) |
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85 | (2) |
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Vegetarian Diet, Antioxidants, Oxidative Stress and Healthspan |
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87 | (1) |
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Antioxidants and Health: Molecular Connections and Research Needs |
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88 | (2) |
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90 | (1) |
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90 | (3) |
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9 Enteral Nutrition to Increase Antioxidant Defenses in Elderly Patients |
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Jose Eduardo De Aguilar-Nascimento |
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93 | (1) |
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Enteral Nutrition in Elderly Patients |
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93 | (1) |
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Enteral Nutrition with Antioxidant Properties |
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94 | (1) |
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Enteral Nutrition with Whey Protein |
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94 | (1) |
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The Role of Vitamins and Micronutrients with Antioxidant Properties |
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95 | (2) |
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97 | (1) |
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97 | (1) |
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97 | (2) |
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10 Herbs and Spices in Aging |
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99 | (1) |
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99 | (3) |
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102 | (2) |
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104 | (1) |
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105 | (1) |
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106 | (3) |
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11 Coenzyme Q10 as an Antioxidant in the Elderly |
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Oxidative Stress and Antioxidant Defense |
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109 | (1) |
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109 | (1) |
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110 | (5) |
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115 | (1) |
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115 | (1) |
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115 | (4) |
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12 Vitamin C and Physical Performance in the Elderly |
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119 | (1) |
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Oxidative Stress and Exercise |
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120 | (1) |
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Oxidative Stress, Vitamin C Supplementation, and Physical Performance |
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121 | (1) |
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121 | (3) |
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124 | (2) |
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126 | (1) |
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126 | (1) |
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126 | (3) |
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13 Tryptophan and Melatonin-Enriched Foodstuffs to Improve Antioxidant Status in Aging |
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129 | (1) |
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Dietary Tryptophan and Melatonin: Sources of Health |
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130 | (3) |
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Consumption of Foodstuffs Containing Bioactive Compounds to Protect Against Oxidative Stress |
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133 | (1) |
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134 | (1) |
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134 | (1) |
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134 | (3) |
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14 Protective Effects of Vitamin C on Age-Related Bone and Skin Phenotypes Caused by Intracellular Reactive Oxygen Species |
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137 | (1) |
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Sod1 Deficiency Induces Bone Loss |
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138 | (1) |
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Vitamin C Prevents Bone Loss in Sod1-Deficient Mice |
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138 | (2) |
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Vitamin C Improves Bone Loss Induced by Estrogen Deficiency |
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140 | (1) |
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Mechanical Unloading Induces ROS Production and Bone Loss |
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140 | (1) |
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Skin Atrophy in Sod1-Deficient Mice |
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140 | (1) |
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A Vitamin C Derivative Improves Skin Atrophy in Sod1-Deficient Mice |
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141 | (1) |
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142 | (1) |
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142 | (3) |
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15 S-Equol, an Antioxidant Metabolite of Soy Daidzein, and Oxidative Stress in Aging: A Focus on Skin and on the Cardiovascular System |
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145 | (1) |
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146 | (2) |
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148 | (1) |
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Isoflavones and Aging Skin |
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148 | (1) |
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S-Equol's Mechanism of Reducing Oxidative Stress in Skin |
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149 | (1) |
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S-Equol and Cardiovascular Diseases |
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149 | (2) |
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S-Equol's Mechanism for Reducing Oxidative Stress in the Cardiovascular System |
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151 | (1) |
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Importance of S-Equol Exposure Early in Life |
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152 | (1) |
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153 | (1) |
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153 | (4) |
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16 Magnesium, Oxidative Stress, and Aging Muscle |
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157 | (1) |
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Magnesium Metabolism in Older Adults |
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158 | (1) |
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Magnesium, Muscular Performance, and Aging Muscle |
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159 | (2) |
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Magnesium, Exercise, and Oxidative Stress |
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161 | (1) |
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Magnesium, Oxidative Stress, and the Aging Muscle: The Role of Inflammation |
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161 | (1) |
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Magnesium, Immune Responses, and Oxidative Stress |
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162 | (1) |
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Consequences of Magnesium Imbalance with Age |
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162 | (1) |
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163 | (1) |
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163 | (1) |
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164 | (3) |
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17 Late-Life Depression and Antioxidant Supplements |
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Kornelia Kedziora-Kornatowska |
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167 | (1) |
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Antioxidants and Neuropsychologic Functions in the Elderly: Evidence for Antidepressant Activity |
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168 | (6) |
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174 | (1) |
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174 | (3) |
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18 Antioxidant and Anti-Inflammatory Role of Melatonin in Alzheimer's Neurodegeneration |
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177 | (1) |
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Melatonin: Synthesis and Mechanisms of Action |
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178 | (3) |
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How Free Radicals Are Formed |
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181 | (2) |
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Some Oxidative-Stress-Related Facts About the Brain |
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183 | (1) |
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Where Do Free Radicals Come from in the Alzheimer's Disease Brain? |
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183 | (4) |
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How Does Melatonin Scavenge Free Radicals? |
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187 | (2) |
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Melatonin Stimulates Antioxidant Systems |
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189 | (1) |
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Breaking the Cycle Neuroinflammation↔Oxidative Stress |
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190 | (1) |
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Melatonin: An Anti-AβAgent |
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190 | (1) |
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Melatonin Production Decreases with Age |
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191 | (1) |
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191 | (1) |
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191 | (4) |
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19 Mitochondria-Targeted Antioxidants and Alzheimer's Disease |
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195 | (1) |
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Mitochondrial Reactive Oxygen Species as Probable Mediators of the Abeta-Induced Damage to Alzheimer's Disease Neurons |
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196 | (1) |
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Mitochondria-Targeted Antioxidants Reduce the Toxic Effects of Abeta in Models of Alzheimer's Disease |
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196 | (2) |
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Mitochondria-Targeted Antioxidants Improve Neurologic Recovery After Traumatic Brain Injury or Stroke and Reduce the Risk of Developing Alzheimer's Disease |
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198 | (1) |
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The Geroprotective Effect of SkQ1 |
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199 | (1) |
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199 | (1) |
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199 | (1) |
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199 | (4) |
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20 Downregulation of the Prooxidant Heart Failure Phenotype by Dietary and Nondietary Antioxidants |
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203 | (1) |
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Congestive Heart Failure: A Prooxidant Phenotype |
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204 | (2) |
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Antioxidants Downregulate the Prooxidant Heart Failure Phenotype |
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206 | (2) |
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208 | (1) |
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209 | (1) |
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209 | (1) |
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209 | (4) |
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21 Overview of the Role of Antioxidant Vitamins as Protection Against Cardiovascular Disease: Implications for Aging |
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213 | (1) |
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Effects of Aging on Cardiovascular Disease |
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213 | (1) |
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Primary Preventive Effects of Antioxidant Vitamins for CVD |
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214 | (6) |
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Secondary Preventive Effects and Therapeutic Effects of Antioxidant Vitamins for CVD |
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220 | (2) |
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Effect of Modification Factors |
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222 | (1) |
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222 | (1) |
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222 | (1) |
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222 | (3) |
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22 Hypertension, Menopause and Natural Antioxidants in Foods and the Diet |
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225 | (1) |
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Oxidative Stress and Hypertension: Hidden Mechanisms |
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225 | (1) |
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Menopause, Oxidative Stress and Hypertension: Pink Networking |
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226 | (1) |
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Natural Antioxidant Agents |
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226 | (3) |
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229 | (1) |
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229 | (1) |
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229 | (4) |
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23 Aging and Arthritis: Oxidative Stress and Antioxidant Effects of Herbs and Spices |
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233 | (1) |
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Types of Free Radical and Their Generation |
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233 | (1) |
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The Phenomenon of Oxidative Stress |
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234 | (1) |
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Oxidative Stress in Diseases |
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234 | (1) |
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234 | (3) |
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237 | (1) |
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Traditional Medicine and Herbs |
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237 | (7) |
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244 | (1) |
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244 | (3) |
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24 Lycopene and Other Antioxidants in the Prevention and Treatment of Osteoporosis in Postmenopausal Women |
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247 | (1) |
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247 | (1) |
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247 | (1) |
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248 | (2) |
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Studies on the Antioxidants Polyphenols and Lycopene |
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250 | (5) |
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General Summary and Conclusion |
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255 | (2) |
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257 | (1) |
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257 | (2) |
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25 Zinc, Oxidative Stress in the Elderly and Implications for Inflammation |
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259 | (1) |
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Discovery of Zinc Deficiency in Humans |
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259 | (2) |
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Clinical Manifestations of Zinc Deficiency |
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261 | (1) |
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Zinc Deficiency in Elderly Subjects |
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261 | (9) |
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Proposed Concept of Mechanism of Zinc Action as an Antioxidant and Anti-Inflammatory Agent |
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270 | (2) |
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272 | (2) |
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274 | (3) |
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26 Antioxidant Supplementation in the Elderly and Leukocytes |
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277 | (1) |
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Changes in the Immune System During Aging |
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277 | (2) |
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The Role of Oxidative Stress in Immune Senescence |
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279 | (3) |
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Effects of Antioxidants on the Immune System During Aging |
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282 | (3) |
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285 | (1) |
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285 | (1) |
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286 | (3) |
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27 Metabolic Mobilization Strategies to Enhance the Use of Plant-Based Dietary Antioxidants for the Management of Type 2 Diabetes |
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289 | (1) |
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The Role of Dietary Antioxidants and Plant Phenolics in the Management of Type 2 Diabetes |
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289 | (3) |
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Inhibitory Activities of Different Plant-Based Foods on α-Amylase and α-Glucosidase |
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292 | (1) |
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Enhancement and Mobilization of Plant-Based Antioxidants, Including Phenolics |
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293 | (2) |
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295 | (1) |
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295 | (1) |
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295 | (2) |
Index |
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297 | |