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E-raamat: Aging: Oxidative Stress and Dietary Antioxidants

Edited by (Professor, Department of Clinical Biochemistry, Kings College Hospital, London, UK; Emeritus Professor, Faculty of Life Sciences and Medicine, Kings College London, UK Visiting Professor, University of Hull, UK)
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  • Ilmumisaeg: 06-Mar-2014
  • Kirjastus: Academic Press Inc
  • Keel: eng
  • ISBN-13: 9780124055230
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  • Kirjastus: Academic Press Inc
  • Keel: eng
  • ISBN-13: 9780124055230
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Preedy presents a comprehensive volume on oxidative stress, antioxidants, and their effect on aging. The first section looks at the stress side, presented knowledge and unknowns regarding the production of age signs by oxidation and its specific roles in skin, cardiovascular, mitochondrial, and hepatic aging as well as arthritis and diabetes. The second section discusses antioxidants in an array of contexts. Elderly women, menopause, and osteoporosis are addressed, as well as both dietary and supplemental sources of antioxidants and specific compounds including coenzyme Q, vitamin C, s-equol, melatonin, tryptophan, magnesium, lycopene, and zinc. Several conditions from the first section are also revisited and discussed in terms of therapeutic or preventive antioxidant targeting, as well as late-life depression, Alzheimer’s, muscle loss and general inflammation. Annotation ©2014 Ringgold, Inc., Portland, OR (protoview.com)

Aging: Oxidative Stress and Dietary Antioxidants bridges the trans-disciplinary divide and covers in a single volume the science of oxidative stress in aging and the potentially therapeutic use of natural antioxidants in the diet or food matrix. The processes within the science of oxidative stress are described in concert with other processes, such as apoptosis, cell signaling, and receptor mediated responses. This approach recognizes that diseases are often multifactorial, and oxidative stress is a single component of this.

Gerontologists, geriatricians, nutritionists, and dieticians are separated by divergent skills and professional disciplines that need to be bridged in order to advance preventative as well as treatment strategies. While gerontologists and geriatricians may study the underlying processes of aging, they are less likely to be conversant in the science of nutrition and dietetics. On the other hand, nutritionists and dietitians are less conversant with the detailed clinical background and science of gerontology. This book addresses this gap and brings each of these disciplines to bear on the processes inherent in the oxidative stress of aging.

  • Nutritionists can apply information related to mitochondrial oxidative stress in one disease to diet-related strategies in another unrelated disease
  • Dietitians can prescribe new foods or diets containing anti-oxidants for conditions resistant to conventional pharmacological treatments
  • Dietitians, after learning about the basic biology of oxidative stress, will be able to suggest new treatments to their multidisciplinary teams
  • Nutritionists and dietitians will gain an understanding of cell signaling and be able to suggest new preventative or therapeutic strategies with anti-oxidant rich foods

Muu info

Translational coverage of how dietary antioxidants and oxidative stress both contribute to and protect against premature aging and the aging process
Contributors ix
Preface xiii
1 Oxidative Stress and Aging
1 Oxidative Stress and Frailty: A Closer Look at the Origin of a Human Aging Phenotype
I-Chien Wu
Chao A. Hsiung
Chih-Cheng Hsu
Xi-Zhang Lin
Introduction
3(1)
Oxidative Stress and Aging
4(1)
Frailty
4(2)
Oxidative Stress and Frailty
6(6)
Unanswered Questions
12(1)
Conclusion and Future Perspectives
12(1)
Summary Points
13(1)
References
13(2)
2 Skin Aging and Oxidative Stress
John M. Starr
Robert J. Starr
Introduction
15(1)
The Structure of Human Skin
15(1)
Measuring Skin Aging
16(1)
Cellular Correlates of Skin Aging
16(1)
Oxidative Stress and Intrinsic Skin Aging
17(1)
Environmental Exposures Associated with Skin Aging
18(1)
Photoaging
19(2)
Conclusions
21(1)
Summary Points
21(1)
References
21(2)
3 Cardiovascular Disease in Aging and the Role of Oxidative Stress
Fawaz Alzaid
Vinood B. Patel
Victor R. Preedy
Introduction
23(2)
Physiology of the Aging Cardiovascular System
25(1)
The Molecular Basis of Oxidative Stress as Applied to the Cardiovascular System
26(3)
Longevity Genes and the Longevity Network
29(4)
Other Genes and Pathways in Oxidative Stress and Age-Related Cardiovascular Diseases
33(3)
Summary Points
36(1)
References
36(3)
4 Oxidative Stress, Aging and Mitochondrial Dysfunction in Liver Pathology
Sylvette Ayala-Pena
Carlos A. Torres-Ramos
Introduction
39(1)
Evidence for Age-Associated Morphologic, Structural and Functional Changes in the Liver
40(1)
Evidence for Age-Associated Loss of Mitochondrial Bioenergetics in Liver
40(1)
Oxidative Stress and Antioxidant Responses in Liver Aging
41(2)
Oxidative Damage to the Nuclear and Mitochondrial Genomes in Liver Aging
43(2)
Mitochondrial Dysfunction and Liver-Associated Disease
45(2)
Conclusion
47(1)
Summary Points
47(1)
References
47(2)
5 Arthritis as a Disease of Aging and Changes in Antioxidant Status
Rahul Saxena
Introduction
49(1)
The Concept of Oxygen Toxicity and Free Radicals
50(2)
Oxidative Stress in Arthritis
52(5)
Summary Points
57(1)
References
58(3)
6 Diabetes as a Disease of Aging, and the Role of Oxidative Stress
Dipayan Sarkar
Kalidas Shetty
Introduction
61(1)
Type 2 Diabetes and Aging
61(4)
The Role of Oxidative Stress in Human Disease
65(1)
Oxidative Stress in Type 2 Diabetes and Aging
65(3)
Conclusion
68(1)
Summary Points
68(1)
References
68(5)
2 Antioxidants and Aging
7 Oxidative Stress and Antioxidants in Elderly Women
Brunna Cristina Bremer Boaventura
Patricia Faria di Pietro
Introduction
73(1)
Role of Estrogen in Oxidative Stress and Antioxidant Defense in Elderly Women
73(1)
Role of Telomere Length in Oxidative Stress and Antioxidant Defense in Elderly Women
74(1)
Dietary Antioxidant Therapies in Elderly Women
75(3)
Summary Points
78(1)
References
78(3)
8 Antioxidants, Vegetarian. Diets and Aging
S. Wachtel-Galor
P.M. Siu
Lee Benzie
Introduction
81(1)
Human Aging: Why and How Does It Occur, and What Are the Consequences of Aging?
81(1)
Oxidative Stress and Aging
82(2)
Lowering Oxidative Stress: The Potential Role of Dietary Antioxidants in Increasing Healthspan
84(1)
Antioxidants in Food
85(2)
Vegetarian Diet, Antioxidants, Oxidative Stress and Healthspan
87(1)
Antioxidants and Health: Molecular Connections and Research Needs
88(2)
Summary Points
90(1)
References
90(3)
9 Enteral Nutrition to Increase Antioxidant Defenses in Elderly Patients
Jose Eduardo De Aguilar-Nascimento
Introduction
93(1)
Enteral Nutrition in Elderly Patients
93(1)
Enteral Nutrition with Antioxidant Properties
94(1)
Enteral Nutrition with Whey Protein
94(1)
The Role of Vitamins and Micronutrients with Antioxidant Properties
95(2)
Conclusion
97(1)
Summary Points
97(1)
References
97(2)
10 Herbs and Spices in Aging
Suhaila Mohamed
Introduction
99(1)
Spices
99(3)
Herbs
102(2)
Seaweeds
104(1)
Summary Points
105(1)
References
106(3)
11 Coenzyme Q10 as an Antioxidant in the Elderly
Elena M. Yubero-Serrano
Antonio Garcia-Rios
Javier Delgado-Lista
Pablo Perez-Martinez
Antonio Camargo
Francisco Perez-Jimenez
Jose Lopez-Miranda
Oxidative Stress and Antioxidant Defense
109(1)
Aging
109(1)
Coenzyme Q10
110(5)
Conclusions
115(1)
Summary Points
115(1)
References
115(4)
12 Vitamin C and Physical Performance in the Elderly
Kyoko Saito
Erika Hosoi
Akihito Ishigami
Tetsuji Yokoyama
Introduction
119(1)
Oxidative Stress and Exercise
120(1)
Oxidative Stress, Vitamin C Supplementation, and Physical Performance
121(1)
Epidemiology Study
121(3)
Intervention Study
124(2)
Conclusions
126(1)
Summary Points
126(1)
References
126(3)
13 Tryptophan and Melatonin-Enriched Foodstuffs to Improve Antioxidant Status in Aging
M. Garrido
A.B. Rodriguez
M.P. Terron
Introduction
129(1)
Dietary Tryptophan and Melatonin: Sources of Health
130(3)
Consumption of Foodstuffs Containing Bioactive Compounds to Protect Against Oxidative Stress
133(1)
Summary Points
134(1)
Acknowledgments
134(1)
References
134(3)
14 Protective Effects of Vitamin C on Age-Related Bone and Skin Phenotypes Caused by Intracellular Reactive Oxygen Species
Shuichi Shibuya
Hidetoshi Nojiri
Daichi Morikawa
Hirofumi Koyama
Takahiko Shimizu
Introduction
137(1)
Sod1 Deficiency Induces Bone Loss
138(1)
Vitamin C Prevents Bone Loss in Sod1-Deficient Mice
138(2)
Vitamin C Improves Bone Loss Induced by Estrogen Deficiency
140(1)
Mechanical Unloading Induces ROS Production and Bone Loss
140(1)
Skin Atrophy in Sod1-Deficient Mice
140(1)
A Vitamin C Derivative Improves Skin Atrophy in Sod1-Deficient Mice
141(1)
Summary Points
142(1)
References
142(3)
15 S-Equol, an Antioxidant Metabolite of Soy Daidzein, and Oxidative Stress in Aging: A Focus on Skin and on the Cardiovascular System
Richard L. Jackson
Jeffrey S. Greiwe
Richard J. Schwen
Introduction
145(1)
Properties of S-Equol
146(2)
Aging Skin
148(1)
Isoflavones and Aging Skin
148(1)
S-Equol's Mechanism of Reducing Oxidative Stress in Skin
149(1)
S-Equol and Cardiovascular Diseases
149(2)
S-Equol's Mechanism for Reducing Oxidative Stress in the Cardiovascular System
151(1)
Importance of S-Equol Exposure Early in Life
152(1)
Summary Points
153(1)
References
153(4)
16 Magnesium, Oxidative Stress, and Aging Muscle
Mario Barbagallo
Ligia J. Dominguez
Introduction
157(1)
Magnesium Metabolism in Older Adults
158(1)
Magnesium, Muscular Performance, and Aging Muscle
159(2)
Magnesium, Exercise, and Oxidative Stress
161(1)
Magnesium, Oxidative Stress, and the Aging Muscle: The Role of Inflammation
161(1)
Magnesium, Immune Responses, and Oxidative Stress
162(1)
Consequences of Magnesium Imbalance with Age
162(1)
Conclusions
163(1)
Summary Points
163(1)
References
164(3)
17 Late-Life Depression and Antioxidant Supplements
Joanna Rybka
Kornelia Kedziora-Kornatowska
Floor Van Heesch
Jozef Kedziora
Introduction
167(1)
Antioxidants and Neuropsychologic Functions in the Elderly: Evidence for Antidepressant Activity
168(6)
Summary Points
174(1)
References
174(3)
18 Antioxidant and Anti-Inflammatory Role of Melatonin in Alzheimer's Neurodegeneration
Sergio A. Rosales-Corral
Russel J. Reiter
Dun-Xian Tan
Lucien C. Manchester
Xiaoyan Liu
Introduction
177(1)
Melatonin: Synthesis and Mechanisms of Action
178(3)
How Free Radicals Are Formed
181(2)
Some Oxidative-Stress-Related Facts About the Brain
183(1)
Where Do Free Radicals Come from in the Alzheimer's Disease Brain?
183(4)
How Does Melatonin Scavenge Free Radicals?
187(2)
Melatonin Stimulates Antioxidant Systems
189(1)
Breaking the Cycle Neuroinflammation↔Oxidative Stress
190(1)
Melatonin: An Anti-AβAgent
190(1)
Melatonin Production Decreases with Age
191(1)
Conclusions
191(1)
References
191(4)
19 Mitochondria-Targeted Antioxidants and Alzheimer's Disease
Vladimir P. Skulachev
Nikolay K. Isaev
Nadezhda A. Kapay
Olga V. Popova
Elena V. Stelmashook
Konstantin G. Lyamzaev
Irina N. Scharonova
Dmitry B. Zorov
Vladimir G. Skrebitsky
Introduction
195(1)
Mitochondrial Reactive Oxygen Species as Probable Mediators of the Abeta-Induced Damage to Alzheimer's Disease Neurons
196(1)
Mitochondria-Targeted Antioxidants Reduce the Toxic Effects of Abeta in Models of Alzheimer's Disease
196(2)
Mitochondria-Targeted Antioxidants Improve Neurologic Recovery After Traumatic Brain Injury or Stroke and Reduce the Risk of Developing Alzheimer's Disease
198(1)
The Geroprotective Effect of SkQ1
199(1)
Summary Points
199(1)
Acknowledgment
199(1)
References
199(4)
20 Downregulation of the Prooxidant Heart Failure Phenotype by Dietary and Nondietary Antioxidants
Victor Farah
Raza Askari
Shadwan Alsafwah
Dwight A. Dishmon
Syamal K. Bhattacharya
Karl T. Weber
Introduction
203(1)
Congestive Heart Failure: A Prooxidant Phenotype
204(2)
Antioxidants Downregulate the Prooxidant Heart Failure Phenotype
206(2)
Summary and Conclusions
208(1)
Summary Points
209(1)
Acknowledgment
209(1)
References
209(4)
21 Overview of the Role of Antioxidant Vitamins as Protection Against Cardiovascular Disease: Implications for Aging
Koutatsu Maruyama
Hiroyasu Iso
Introduction
213(1)
Effects of Aging on Cardiovascular Disease
213(1)
Primary Preventive Effects of Antioxidant Vitamins for CVD
214(6)
Secondary Preventive Effects and Therapeutic Effects of Antioxidant Vitamins for CVD
220(2)
Effect of Modification Factors
222(1)
Conclusion
222(1)
Summary Points
222(1)
References
222(3)
22 Hypertension, Menopause and Natural Antioxidants in Foods and the Diet
Maria Grazia Modena
Introduction
225(1)
Oxidative Stress and Hypertension: Hidden Mechanisms
225(1)
Menopause, Oxidative Stress and Hypertension: Pink Networking
226(1)
Natural Antioxidant Agents
226(3)
Conclusions
229(1)
Summary Points
229(1)
References
229(4)
23 Aging and Arthritis: Oxidative Stress and Antioxidant Effects of Herbs and Spices
M.S. Mekha
R.I. Shobha
C.U. Rajeshwari
B. Andallu
Introduction
233(1)
Types of Free Radical and Their Generation
233(1)
The Phenomenon of Oxidative Stress
234(1)
Oxidative Stress in Diseases
234(1)
Aging and Diseases
234(3)
Antioxidant Systems
237(1)
Traditional Medicine and Herbs
237(7)
Summary Points
244(1)
References
244(3)
24 Lycopene and Other Antioxidants in the Prevention and Treatment of Osteoporosis in Postmenopausal Women
L.G. Rao
N.N. Kang
A.V. Rao
Introduction
247(1)
Osteoporosis
247(1)
Oxidative Stress
247(1)
Antioxidants
248(2)
Studies on the Antioxidants Polyphenols and Lycopene
250(5)
General Summary and Conclusion
255(2)
Acknowledgments
257(1)
References
257(2)
25 Zinc, Oxidative Stress in the Elderly and Implications for Inflammation
Ananda S. Prasad
Introduction
259(1)
Discovery of Zinc Deficiency in Humans
259(2)
Clinical Manifestations of Zinc Deficiency
261(1)
Zinc Deficiency in Elderly Subjects
261(9)
Proposed Concept of Mechanism of Zinc Action as an Antioxidant and Anti-Inflammatory Agent
270(2)
Summary Points
272(2)
References
274(3)
26 Antioxidant Supplementation in the Elderly and Leukocytes
David Simar
Corinne Caillaud
Introduction
277(1)
Changes in the Immune System During Aging
277(2)
The Role of Oxidative Stress in Immune Senescence
279(3)
Effects of Antioxidants on the Immune System During Aging
282(3)
Conclusion
285(1)
Summary Points
285(1)
References
286(3)
27 Metabolic Mobilization Strategies to Enhance the Use of Plant-Based Dietary Antioxidants for the Management of Type 2 Diabetes
Dipayan Sarkar
Kalidas Shetty
Introduction
289(1)
The Role of Dietary Antioxidants and Plant Phenolics in the Management of Type 2 Diabetes
289(3)
Inhibitory Activities of Different Plant-Based Foods on α-Amylase and α-Glucosidase
292(1)
Enhancement and Mobilization of Plant-Based Antioxidants, Including Phenolics
293(2)
Conclusion
295(1)
Summary Points
295(1)
References
295(2)
Index 297
Victor R. Preedy BSc, PhD, DSc, FRSB, FRSPH, FRSC, FRCPath graduated with an Honours Degree in Biology and Physiology with Pharmacology. After gaining his University of London PhD, he received his Membership of the Royal College of Pathologists. He was later awarded his second doctorate (DSc), for his contribution to protein metabolism in health and disease. He is Professor of Clinical Biochemistry (Hon) at Kings College Hospital and Emeritus Professor of Nutritional Biochemistry at Kings College London. He has Honorary Professorships at the University of Hull, and the University of Suffolk. Professor Preedy was the Founding Director and then long-term Director of the Genomics Centre at Kings College London from 2006 to 2020. Professor Preedy has been awarded fellowships of the Royal Society of Biology, the Royal College of Pathologists, the Royal Society for the Promotion of Health, the Royal Institute of Public Health, the Royal Society for Public Health, the Royal Society of Chemistry and the Royal Society of Medicine. He carried out research when attached to the National Heart Hospital (part of Imperial College London), The School of Pharmacy (now part of University College London) and the MRC Centre at Northwick Park Hospital. He has collaborated with international research groups in Finland, Japan, Australia, USA, and Germany. To his credit, Professor Preedy has published over 750 articles, which includes peer-reviewed manuscripts based on original research, abstracts and symposium presentations, reviews and edited books.