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E-raamat: Airport Design and Operation

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  • Formaat: PDF+DRM
  • Ilmumisaeg: 05-Aug-2015
  • Kirjastus: Emerald Group Publishing Limited
  • Keel: eng
  • ISBN-13: 9781784418694
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Airport Design and OperationSuurem pilt
  • Formaat: PDF+DRM
  • Ilmumisaeg: 05-Aug-2015
  • Kirjastus: Emerald Group Publishing Limited
  • Keel: eng
  • ISBN-13: 9781784418694
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This book presents a new approach to airport design and operation. The two are always closely related and influence each other; a poor design affects the airport operation and results in increased costs, however it is not possible to design airport infrastructure without a sound knowledge of the airport operation. This is emphasised throughout this whole book. The approach reflects not only the authors' experience from more than 350 airport studies but also their commercial pilot, aeronautical engineering and military air traffic controller background. Several key topics are addressed throughout the book, such as low cost airline operation, security issues, and EASA regulations on airports. In order to attain a reasonable depth, the book concentrates on selected topics of particular relevance to problems of airport development and operation.

Arvustused

Dr Caves and Dr Kazda provide essential guidance for both seasoned and emerging airport professionals. Their in-depth assessment of the challenges faced in airport design and operations is to be commended, reflecting their vast combined experience. Mike Pearson, Director, Helios. Airport Design and Operation provides a wealth of information that can only lead to improved airport design and operation. The content of this book is valuable providing an opportunity for industry to extract such information and implement in real life. The end result will be improved efficiencies in the transportation sector. John G. Wensveen, Ph.D., Head of Aviation Technology & Professor, Purdue University, USA. This book provides detailed rules, regulations and practical views for the development and operation of an airport. As well as an interesting read, the book is a must for all people engaged in airport operation and planning. Peter Mayerhofer, Chief Infrastructure Officer of AMG (Airport Management Group) Kazakhstan.

Abbreviations xv
Preface xxiii
Acknowledgements xxv
1 Air Transport and Airports
1(22)
1.1 Development of Airports
1(13)
1.2 Standards
14(4)
1.2.1 ICAO Legislation
14(3)
1.2.2 National Standards and Recommended Practices
17(1)
1.3 Airport Development Planning
18(5)
2 Predicting Traffic
23(22)
2.1 Introduction
23(1)
2.2 Types of Forecast Needed
23(1)
2.3 Methods of Analysis
24(12)
2.3.1 Informed Judgement
25(1)
2.3.2 Trend Extrapolation
26(1)
2.3.3 Econometric Models
27(3)
2.3.4 The Travel Decisions
30(1)
2.3.5 Modal Shares
30(1)
2.3.6 Discrete Choice Models
31(2)
2.3.7 Revealed and Stated Preferences
33(1)
2.3.8 Effects of Supply Decisions
34(1)
2.3.9 Uncertainty
34(1)
2.3.10 Scenario Writing
35(1)
2.4 Historic Trends in Traffic
36(1)
2.5 Factors Affecting the Trends
37(5)
2.5.1 Economic Factors
37(1)
2.5.2 Demographic Factors
38(1)
2.5.3 Supply Factors
38(1)
2.5.3.1 Cost per passenger kilometre (pkm)
38(1)
2.5.3.2 Aircraft size
39(1)
2.5.3.3 Cost of input factors
39(1)
2.5.3.4 Technology
40(1)
2.5.3.5 Management
40(1)
2.5.3.6 Capacity constraints
40(1)
2.5.3.7 Fares
41(1)
2.5.4 Economic Regulation
41(1)
2.5.5 Environmental Regulation
41(1)
2.5.6 Cargo
42(1)
2.6 Conclusions
42(3)
3 Airport Site Selection and Runway System Orientation
45(28)
3.1 Selection of a Site for the Airport
45(3)
3.2 Usability Factor
48(3)
3.3 Effect of Low-Visibility Operations
51(11)
3.4 Control of Obstacles
62(7)
3.5 Other Factors
69(4)
4 Runways
73(30)
4.1 Aerodrome Reference Code
73(4)
4.2 Runway Length
77(16)
4.3 Declared Distances
93(2)
4.4 Runway Width
95(3)
4.4.1 Runway Width Requirements
95(1)
4.4.2 Runway Shoulders
96(1)
4.4.3 Runway Turn Pads
97(1)
4.5 Runway Slopes
98(5)
4.5.1 Transverse Slopes
98(1)
4.5.2 Longitudinal Slopes
99(4)
5 Runway Strips and Other Areas
103(10)
5.1 Runway Strips
103(3)
5.2 Clearways
106(1)
5.3 Runway End Safety Areas
106(7)
6 Taxiways
113(14)
6.1 Functional Criteria and Taxiway System Design
113(2)
6.2 Rapid Exit Taxiways
115(5)
6.3 Taxiway Separations
120(2)
6.4 Taxiway Geometry
122(5)
7 Aprons
127(18)
7.1 Apron Requirements
127(1)
7.2 Apron Sizing
128(2)
7.3 Apron Location
130(1)
7.4 Apron Concepts
131(2)
7.4.1 Simple Concept
132(1)
7.4.2 Linear Concept
132(1)
7.43 Open Concept
133(3)
7.4.4 Pier Concept
134(1)
7.4.5 Satellite Concept
135(1)
7.4.6 Hybrid Concept
136(1)
7.5 Stand Types
136(6)
7.6 Apron Capacity
142(2)
7.7 Isolated Aircraft Parking Position
144(1)
8 Pavements
145(40)
8.1 Background
145(1)
8.2 Pavement Types
146(14)
8.2.1 Unpaved Movement Areas
147(1)
8.2.2 Pavements
148(1)
8.2.2.1 Use of hard surface pavements
148(1)
8.2.2.1.1 Subgrade
149(1)
8.2.2.1.2 Sub-base
150(1)
8.2.2.1.3 Bearing course/base course
150(1)
8.2.2.2 Flexible (asphalt) pavements
150(2)
8.2.2.3 Rigid (concrete) pavements
152(6)
8.2.2.4 Combined pavements
158(1)
8.2.2.5 Block paving
159(1)
8.3 Pavement Strength
160(8)
8.3.1 Pavements-Aircraft Loads
160(2)
8.3.2 Pavement Strength Reporting
162(5)
8.3.3 Overload Operations
167(1)
8.4 Runway Surface
168(12)
8.4.1 Runway Surface Quality Requirements
168(1)
8.4.2 Methods of Runway Surface Unevenness Assessment by the Dual Mass Method
168(4)
8.4.3 Pavement Texture
172(4)
8.4.4 Runway Braking Action
176(4)
8.5 Pavement Management System
180(5)
9 Aircraft Ground Handling
185(26)
9.1 Aircraft Handling Methods and Safety
185(6)
9.2 Aircraft Ground Handling Activities
191(9)
9.2.1 Deplaning and Boarding
191(4)
9.2.2 Supplies of Power, Air-Conditioning and Compressed Air
195(1)
9.2.3 Cargo and Baggage Loading
195(2)
9.2.4 Push Back Operations
197(3)
9.3 Collaborative Decison-Making (CDM)
200(4)
9.4 Visual Guidance Systems
204(7)
10 Aircraft Refuelling
211(22)
10.1 Background
211(3)
10.2 Fuel --- Requirements
214(7)
10.2.1 Requirements for Fuel Quality
214(3)
10.2.2 Fuel Deliveries and Storage
217(4)
10.3 Fuel Distribution
221(4)
10.4 Safety of the Refuelling Operation
225(6)
10.4.1 Ecological Damage
226(3)
10.4.2 Fire Safety
229(2)
10.4.3 Fuel Farms Security
231(1)
10.5 Aircraft Fuel Future Trends
231(2)
11 Cargo
233(28)
11.1 Introduction
233(4)
11.2 The Freight Industry's Characteristics
237(4)
11.3 Airside Design Considerations
241(2)
11.4 Terminal Design and Operating Considerations
243(8)
11.4.1 Location
243(1)
11.4.2 Design Parameters
243(2)
11.4.3 Mechanisation
245(1)
11.4.4 Terminal Functions and Operations
246(2)
11.4.5 Documentation
248(2)
11.4.6 Utilities
250(1)
11.4.7 Security
251(1)
11.5 Cargo Terminal Layout and Sizing
251(5)
11.5.1 Layout
251(2)
11.5.2 Functions and Facilities
253(1)
11.5.3 Sizing
254(2)
11.6 Landside Design and Operations
256(1)
11.7 Future Trends
257(1)
11.8 DHL Case Study
257(4)
12 Passenger Terminals
261(44)
12.1 Airport Terminal Design Principles
261(5)
12.2 Airport Terminal Layout
266(3)
12.3 Airport Terminal Concepts
269(2)
12.4 Terminal Design
271(15)
12.4.1 Design Methods
271(4)
12.4.2 Component Design
275(11)
12.5 The Handling Process
286(10)
12.5.1 Passenger Handling
286(9)
12.5.2 Baggage Handling
295(1)
12.6 Non-Aeronautical Services
296(2)
12.7 Passenger Transportation --- People Movers
298(4)
12.8 Mobile and IT Technologies
302(3)
13 Security
305(38)
13.1 Unlawful Acts and Air Transport
305(7)
13.2 Legal Framework of International Aviation Security
312(3)
13.3 The Airport System and Its Security
315(5)
13.4 Safeguarding of Airport Security
320(11)
13.4.1 Security as a Service
320(1)
13.4.2 Airport Perimeter Security and Staff Identification
321(4)
13.4.3 Employee Security Procedures
325(1)
13.4.4 Measures in Relation to Passengers
326(5)
13.5 Detection of Dangerous Objects
331(9)
13.5.1 Metal Detectors
332(1)
13.5.2 Millimetre-Wave Scanners
332(1)
13.5.3 Backscatter Screening
333(1)
13.5.4 X-ray Units
333(4)
13.5.5 Gas Analysers
337(1)
13.5.6 Vacuum Chambers
338(1)
13.5.7 Dogs
338(2)
13.5.8 Liquid Scanners
340(1)
13.6 Conclusion
340(3)
14 Landside Access
343(24)
14.1 Access and the Airport System
343(3)
14.2 Selection of the Access Modes
346(2)
14.3 Categories of Surface Transport Users
348(1)
14.4 Access and Terminal Operations
348(2)
14.5 Access Modes
350(14)
14.5.1 Passenger Car
350(3)
14.5.2 Taxi
353(2)
14.5.3 Minibus
355(1)
14.5.4 Bus
355(2)
14.5.5 Railway Transport
357(5)
14.5.6 Unconventional Means of Transport
362(2)
14.6 Airport Ground Access Improvements
364(3)
15 Visual Aids for Navigation
367(42)
15.1 Markings
367(6)
15.1.1 Markings Requirements
367(2)
15.1.2 Marking Types
369(3)
15.1.3 Signs
372(1)
15.2 Airport Lights (Author: Frantisek Belohradsky, deceased, Consultant, Prague, CZ)
373(36)
15.2.1 Characteristics and Components of Airport Lighting Systems
373(1)
15.2.1.1 Introduction
373(2)
15.2.1.2 Light sources
375(1)
15.2.1.3 Lights and fittings
376(2)
15.2.1.4 Frangible safety masts
378(1)
15.2.1.5 Requirements for aerodrome lights
379(2)
15.2.2 Characteristics and Components of Airport Lighting Systems
381(1)
15.2.2.1 Approach and runway systems
381(1)
15.2.2.1.1 Non-instrument and instrument runways
381(3)
15.2.2.1.2 Precision approach runway
384(8)
15.2.2.2 Approach slope indicator systems
392(5)
15.2.3 Heliport Lighting Systems
397(2)
15.2.4 Lighting of Obstacles
399(2)
15.2.5 Light Control
401(1)
15.2.5.1 Remote control equipment
401(1)
15.2.5.2 Single lamp control and monitoring
402(2)
15.2.6 Lighting Systems Construction and Operation
404(1)
15.2.6.1 Lighting systems design and installation
404(1)
15.2.6.2 Maintenance of the lighting systems
405(3)
15.2.7 Trends in Lighting Systems Development
408(1)
16 Electrical Energy Supply
409(14)
16.1 Background
409(1)
16.2 Electrical Systems Reliability and Backup
409(7)
16.3 Supply Systems
416(6)
16.3.1 Parallel System
416(1)
16.3.2 Serial System
416(1)
16.3.2.1 Serial System --- The Principle
416(1)
16.3.2.2 Serial System --- Components
417(5)
16.4 Electrical Supply to Category I--III Lighting Systems
422(1)
17 Radio Navigation Aids
423(18)
17.1 Background
423(1)
17.2 Radio Navigation Aids
424(11)
17.2.1 Instrument Landing System (ILS)
424(5)
17.2.2 Microwave Landing System (MLS)
429(1)
17.2.3 Global Navigation Satellite Systems (GNSS)
430(2)
17.2.4 VHF Omnidirectional Radio Range (VOR)
432(1)
17.2.5 Non-directional Radio Beacon (NDB)
433(1)
17.2.6 Distance Measuring Equipment (DME)
434(1)
17.2.7 Transponder Landing System (TLS)
435(1)
17.3 Radar Systems
435(3)
17.3.1 Precision Approach Radar (PAR)
435(1)
17.3.2 Surveillance Radar Element (SRE)
436(1)
17.3.3 Surface Movement Radar (SMR)
436(1)
17.3.4 Advanced Surface Movement and Guidance Control Systems (A-SMGCS)
437(1)
17.4 Flight Inspections and Calibrations
438(3)
18 Airport Winter Operation
441(30)
18.1 Snow and Aircraft Operation
441(1)
18.2 Snow Plan
442(4)
18.3 Mechanical Equipment for Snow Removal and Ice Control
446(7)
18.4 Chemicals for Runway De-Icing
453(4)
18.5 Thermal De-Icing
457(2)
18.6 Runway Surface Monitoring
459(1)
18.7 Aircraft De-Icing
460(11)
19 Airport. Emergency Services
471(32)
19.1 Roles of the Rescue and Fire Fighting Service
471(2)
19.2 Level of Protection Required
473(9)
19.2.1 Response Times
473(1)
19.2.2 Aerodrome Category for Rescue and Fire Fighting
474(1)
19.2.3 Principal Extinguishing Agents
475(3)
19.2.4 Complementary Extinguishing Agents
478(1)
19.2.5 The Amounts of Extinguishing Agents
479(3)
19.3 Rescue and Fire Fighting Vehicles
482(5)
19.4 Airport Fire Stations
487(3)
19.5 Emergency Training and Activity of Rescue and Fire Fighting Unit
490(4)
19.5.1 Personnel Requirements and Training
490(2)
19.5.2 Preparation for an Emergency Situation and Rescue and Fire Fighting Intervention Control
492(2)
19.6 Runway Foaming
494(2)
19.7 Post Emergency Operations
496(3)
19.8 Emergency Services and Environment Protection
499(1)
19.9 Final Thoughts
500(3)
20 Environmental Control
503(38)
20.1 Background
503(3)
20.2 Noise
506(27)
20.2.1 Characteristics
506(2)
20.2.2 Descriptors Used for Aircraft Noise Rating
508(6)
20.2.3 Evaluation of Noise in the Vicinity of Airports
514(3)
20.2.4 Land Use and Compatibility Planning
517(4)
20.2.5 Aircraft Noise Measurement
521(1)
20.2.5.1 Short-Term Measurement
521(1)
20.2.5.2 Long-Term Noise Monitoring
522(2)
20.2.6 Prediction of Air Transport Noise
524(6)
20.2.7 Airport Noise Mitigation and Noise Abatement Procedures
530(3)
20.3 Control of Gaseous Emissions and Energy Conservation
533(2)
20.4 Protection of Water Sources
535(2)
20.5 Landscaping
537(1)
20.6 Waste Management
538(3)
21 Wildlife Control
541(14)
21.1 Introduction
541(2)
21.2 Bird Strike Statistics
543(3)
21.3 Passive Management Techniques --- Habitat Modification
546(2)
21.4 Active Management Using Dispersal Techniques
548(4)
21.5 Mammals Control
552(1)
21.6 Ornithological Protection Zones
552(3)
References 555(6)
Index 561
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