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E-raamat: Analysis and Control of Electric Drives: Simulations and Laboratory Implementation

(University of Minnesota, Minneapolis),
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  • ISBN-13: 9781119584551
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Analysis and Control of Electric Drives: Simulations and Laboratory ImplementationSuurem pilt
  • Formaat: EPUB+DRM
  • Ilmumisaeg: 27-Aug-2020
  • Kirjastus: John Wiley & Sons Inc
  • Keel: eng
  • ISBN-13: 9781119584551
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A guide to drives essential to electric vehicles, wind turbines, and other motor-driven systems

Analysis and Control of Electric Drives is a practical and comprehensive text that offers a clear understanding of electric drives and their industrial applications in the real-world including electric vehicles and wind turbines. The authorsnoted experts on the topicreview the basic knowledge needed to understand electric drives and include the pertinent material that examines DC and AC machines in steady state using a unique physics-based approach. The book also analyzes electric machine operation under dynamic conditions, assisted by Space Vectors.

The book is filled with illustrative examples and includes information on electric machines with Interior Permanent Magnets. To enhance learning, the book contains end-of-chapter problems and all topics covered use computer simulations with MATLAB Simulink and Sciamble Workbench software that is available free online for educational purposes. This important book:





Explores additional topics such as electric machines with Interior Permanent Magnets Includes multiple examples and end-of-chapter homework problems Provides simulations made using MATLAB Simulink and Sciamble Workbench, free software for educational purposes Contains helpful presentation slides and Solutions Manual for Instructors; simulation files are available on the associated website for easy implementation A unique feature of this book is that the simulations in Sciamble Workbench software can seamlessly be used to control experiments in a hardware laboratory

Written for undergraduate and graduate students, Analysis and Control of Electric Drives is an essential guide to understanding electric vehicles, wind turbines, and increased efficiency of motor-driven systems.
Preface xix
Acknowledgment xxi
About the Companion Site xxii
Part I Fundamentals of Electric Drives
1(162)
1 Electric Drives: Introduction And Motivation
3(18)
1-1 The Climate Crisis and the Energy-Saving Opportunities
4(1)
1-2 Energy Savings in Generation of Electricity
5(1)
1-2-1 Energy-Saving Potential in Harnessing of Wind Energy
6(1)
1-3 Energy-Saving Potential in the End-Use of Electricity
6(4)
1-3-1 Energy-Saving Potential in the Process Industry
7(1)
1-3-2 Energy-Saving Potential in the Residential and Commercial Sectors
8(2)
1-4 Electric Transportation
10(1)
1-5 Precise Speed and Torque Control Applications in Robotics, Drones, and the Process Industry
10(1)
1-6 Range of Electric Drives
11(1)
1-7 The Multidisciplinary Nature of Drive Systems
12(3)
1-8 Use of Simulation and Hardware Prototyping
15(1)
1-9 Structure of the Textbook
16(1)
1-10 Review Questions
17(1)
References
18(1)
Further Reading
18(1)
Problems
18(3)
2 Understanding Mechanical System Requirements For Electric Drives
21(30)
2-1 Introduction
21(2)
2-2 Systems with Linear Motion
23(2)
2-3 Rotating Systems
25(8)
2-4 Friction
33(2)
2-5 Torsional Resonances
35(1)
2-6 Electrical Analogy
36(3)
2-7 Coupling Mechanisms
39(4)
2-7-1 Conversion Between Linear and Rotary Motion
39(2)
2-7-2 Gears
41(2)
2-8 Types of Loads
43(1)
2-9 Four-Quadrant Operation
44(1)
2-10 Steady-State and Dynamic Operations
45(1)
2-11 Review Questions
45(1)
References
45(1)
Further Reading
46(1)
Problems
46(5)
3 Basic Concepts In Magnetics And Electromechanical Energy Conversion
51(44)
3-1 Introduction
51(1)
3-2 Magnetic Circuit Concepts
52(1)
3-3 Magnetic Field Produced by Current-Carrying Conductors
52(2)
3-3-1 Ampere's Law
52(2)
3-4 Flux Density B and the Flux φ
54(4)
3-4-1 Ferromagnetic Materials
54(2)
3-4-2 Flux φ
56(1)
3-4-3 Flux Linkage
57(1)
3-5 Magnetic Structures with air Gaps
58(3)
3-6 Inductances
61(2)
3-7 Magnetic Energy Storage in Inductors
63(2)
3-8 Faraday's Law: Induced Voltage in a Coil due to Time-Rate of Change of Flux Linkage
65(3)
3-8-1 Relating e(t), φ (t), and i(t)
67(1)
3-9 Leakage and Magnetizing Inductances
68(3)
3-10 Mutual Inductances
71(1)
3-11 Basic Principles of Torque Production and Voltage Induction
71(13)
3-11-1 Basic Structure of ac Machines
71(2)
3-11-2 Production of Magnetic Field
73(3)
3-11-3 Basic Principles of Torque Production and EMF Induction
76(4)
3-11-4 Application of the Basic Principles
80(1)
3-11-5 Energy Conversion
81(2)
3-11-6 Power Losses and Energy Efficiency
83(1)
3-12 Review Questions
84(3)
3-12-1 Magnetic Circuits
84(2)
3-12-2 Electromechanical Energy Conversion
86(1)
Further Reading
87(1)
Problems
87(8)
4 Basic Understanding Of Switch-Mode Power Electronic Converters
95(34)
4-1 Introduction
95(1)
4-2 Overview of Power Electronic Converters
95(9)
4-2-1 Switch-Mode Conversion: Switching Power-Pole as the Building Block
97(1)
4-2-2 PWM of the Switching Power-Pole (Constant fs)
98(1)
4-2-3 Bidirectional Switching Power-Pole
99(2)
4-2-4 PWM of the Bidirectional Switching Power-Pole
101(3)
4-3 Converters for dc Motor Drives (-- Vd < vo < Vd)
104(8)
4-3-1 Switching Waveforms in a Converter for dc Motor Drives
108(4)
4-4 Synthesis of Low-Frequency ac
112(1)
4-5 Three-Phase Inverters
113(5)
4-5-1 Switching Waveforms in a Three-Phase Inverter with Sine-PWM
117(1)
4-6 Power Semiconductor Devices
118(4)
4-6-1 Device Ratings
119(1)
4-6-2 Power Diodes
119(1)
4-6-3 Controllable Switches
120(1)
4-6-4 "Smart Power" Modules Including Gate Drivers and Wide Bandgap Devices
121(1)
4-7 Hardware Prototyping of PWM
122(2)
4-8 Review Questions
124(1)
References
125(1)
Further Reading
125(1)
Problems
126(3)
5 Control In Electric Drives
129(34)
5-1 Introduction
129(1)
5-2 DC Motors
130(4)
5-2-1 Requirements Imposed by dc Machines on the PPU
134(1)
5-3 Designing Feedback Controllers for Motor Drives
134(9)
5-3-1 Control Objectives
134(5)
5-3-2 Cascade Control Structure
139(1)
5-3-3 Steps in Designing the Feedback Controller
139(1)
5-3-4 System Representation for Small-Signal Analysis
140(3)
5-4 Controller Design
143(11)
5-4-1 Proportional-Integral Controllers
143(2)
5-4-2 Example of a Controller Design
145(6)
5-4-3 The Design of the Position Control Loop
151(3)
5-5 The Role of Feed-Forward
154(1)
5-6 Effects of Limits
154(1)
5-7 Anti-Windup (Non-Windup) Integration
155(1)
5-8 Hardware Prototyping of dc Motor Speed Control
156(1)
5-9 Review Questions
157(1)
References
158(1)
Further Reading
159(1)
Problems and Simulations
159(4)
Part II Steady-State Operation of ac Machines
163(152)
6 Using Space Vectors To Analyze Ac Machines
165(38)
6-1 Introduction
165(1)
6-2 Sinusoidally Distributed Stator Windings
166(9)
6-2-1 Three-Phase, Sinusoidally Distributed Stator Windings
173(2)
6-3 The Use of Space Vectors to Represent Sinusoidal Field Distributions in the Air Gap
175(5)
6-4 Space-Vector Representation of Combined Terminal Currents and Voltages
180(6)
6-4-1 Physical Interpretation of the Stator Current Space Vector rarr;is(t)
181(3)
6-4-2 Phase Components of Space Vectors →is(t) and →is(t)
184(2)
6-5 Balanced Sinusoidal Steady-State Excitation (Rotor Open-Circuited)
186(11)
6-5-1 Rotating Stator MMF Space Vector
187(2)
6-5-2 Rotating Stator MMF Space Vector in Multipole Machines
189(2)
6-5-3 The Relationship Between Space Vectors and Phasors in Balanced Three-Phase Sinusoidal Steady State (→vs|t = 0 ↔ Va and →ims|t = 0 ↔ Ima)
191(2)
6-5-4 Induced Voltages in Stator Windings
193(4)
6-6 Review Questions
197(2)
References
199(1)
Further Reading
199(1)
Problems
199(4)
7 Space Vector Pulse-Width-Modulated (Sv-Pwm) Inverters
203(14)
7-1 Introduction
203(1)
7-2 Synthesis of Stator Voltage Space Vector →a vs
203(5)
7-3 Computer Simulation of SV-PWM Inverter
208(3)
7-4 Limit on the Amplitude Vs of the Stator Voltage Space Vector →a vs
211(2)
7-5 Hardware Prototyping of Space Vector Pulse Width Modulation
213(1)
7-6 Summary
214(1)
Reference
214(1)
Further Reading
214(1)
Problems
214(3)
8 Sinusoidal Permanent-Magnet Ac (Pmac) Drives In Steady State
217(24)
8-1 Introduction
217(2)
8-2 The Basic Structure of PMAC MACHINES
219(1)
8-3 Principle of Operation
219(14)
8-3-1 Rotor-Produced Flux-Density Distribution
219(1)
8-3-2 Torque Production
220(4)
8-3-3 Mechanical System of PMAC Drives
224(1)
8-3-4 Calculation of the Reference Values i*a(t), i*b(t), and i*c(t) of the Stator Currents
225(3)
8-3-5 Induced EMFs in the Stator Windings During Balanced Sinusoidal Steady State
228(5)
8-3-6 Generator-Mode of Operation of PMAC Drives
233(1)
8-4 The Controller and the PPU
233(2)
8-5 Hardware Prototyping of PMAC Motor Hysteresis Current Control
235(3)
8-6 Review Questions
238(1)
Reference
239(1)
Further Reading
239(1)
Problems
239(2)
9 Induction Motors In Sinusoidal Steady-State
241(44)
9-1 Introduction
241(1)
9-2 The Structure of Three-Phase, Squirrel-Cage Induction Motors
241(1)
9-3 The Principles of Induction Motor Operation
242(28)
9-3-1 Electrically Open-Circuited Rotor
243(2)
9-3-2 The Short-Circuited Rotor
245(20)
9-3-3 Per-Phase Steady-State Equivalent Circuit (Including Rotor Leakage)
265(5)
9-4 Tests to Obtain the Parameters of the Per-Phase Equivalent Circuit
270(2)
9-4-1 dc-Resistance Test to Estimate Rs
270(1)
9-4-2 The No-Load Test to Estimate Lm
271(1)
9-4-3 Blocked-Rotor Test to Estimate R'r and the Leakage Inductances
272(1)
9-5 Induction Motor Characteristics at Rated Voltages in Magnitude and Frequency
272(3)
9-6 Induction Motors of Nema Design A, B, C, and D
275(2)
9-7 Line Start
277(1)
9-8 Hardware Prototyping of Induction Motor Parameter Estimation
277(1)
9-9 Review Questions
278(3)
References
281(1)
Further Reading
281(1)
Problems
281(4)
10 Induction-Motor Drives: Speed Control
285(30)
10-1 Introduction
285(1)
10-2 Conditions for Efficient Speed Control Over a Wide Range
286(5)
10-3 Applied Voltage Amplitudes to Keep Bms = Bms, rated
291(5)
10-4 Starting Considerations in Drives
296(2)
10-5 Capability to Operate Below and Above the Rated Speed
298(3)
10-5-1 Rated Torque Capability Below the Rated Speed (With Bms, rated)
299(1)
10-5-2 Rated Power Capability Above the Rated Speed by Flux-Weakening
300(1)
10-6 Induction-Generator Drives
301(1)
10-7 Speed Control of Induction-Motor Drives
302(3)
10-7-1 Limiting of Acceleration/Deceleration
303(1)
10-7-2 Current-Limiting
303(1)
10-7-3 Slip Compensation
304(1)
10-7-4 Voltage Boost
304(1)
10-8 Pulse-Width-Modulated PPU
305(1)
10-9 Harmonics in the PPU Output Voltages
305(3)
10-9-1 Modeling the PPU-Supplied Induction Motors in Steady State
308(1)
10-10 Reduction of Bms at Light Loads
308(1)
10-11 Hardware Prototyping of Closed-Loop Speed Control of Induction Motor
309(3)
10-12 Summary/Review Questions
312(1)
Reference
313(1)
Further Reading
313(1)
Problems
314(1)
Part III Vector Control of ac Machines
315(108)
11 Induction Machine Equations In Phase Quantities: Assisted By Space Vectors
317(24)
11-1 Introduction
317(1)
11-2 Sinusoidally Distributed Stator Windings
318(2)
11-2-1 Three-Phase, Sinusoidally Distributed Stator Windings
319(1)
11-3 Stator Inductances (Rotor Open-Circuited)
320(4)
11-3-1 Stator Single-Phase Magnetizing Inductance Lm, one-phase
320(2)
11-3-2 Stator Mutual-Inductance Lmutual
322(1)
11-3-3 Per-Phase Magnetizing-Inductance Lm
323(1)
11-3-4 Stator-Inductance Ls
324(1)
11-4 Equivalent Windings in a Squirrel-Cage Rotor
324(2)
11-4-1 Rotor-Winding Inductances (Stator Open-Circuited)
325(1)
11-5 Mutual Inductances Between the Stator and the Rotor Phase Windings
326(1)
11-6 Review of Space Vectors
327(3)
11-6-1 Relationship Between Phasors and Space Vectors in Sinusoidal Steady State
329(1)
11-7 Flux Linkages
330(3)
11-7-1 Stator Flux Linkage (Rotor Open-Circuited)
330(1)
11-7-2 Rotor Flux Linkage (Stator Open-Circuited)
331(1)
11-7-3 Stator and Rotor Flux Linkages (Simultaneous Stator and Rotor Currents)
332(1)
11-8 Stator and Rotor Voltage Equations in Terms of Space Vectors
333(1)
11-9 Making a Case for a dq-Winding Analysis
334(4)
11-10 Summary
338(1)
Problems
339(2)
12 Dynamic Analysis Of Induction Machines In Terms Of Dq-Windings
341(36)
12-1 Introduction
341(1)
12-2 dq-Winding Representation
341(6)
12-2-1 Stator dq-Winding Representation
342(3)
12-2-2 Rotor dq-Windings (Along the Same dq-Axes as in the Stator)
345(1)
12-2-3 Mutual Inductance Between dg-Windings on the Stator and the Rotor
346(1)
12-3 Mathematical Relationships of the dq-Windings (at an Arbitrary Speed ωd)
347(8)
12-3-1 Relating dq-Winding Variables to Phase Winding Variables
349(1)
12-3-2 Flux Linkages of dq-Windings in Terms of Their Currents
350(1)
12-3-3 dq-Winding Voltage Equations
351(4)
12-3-4 Obtaining Fluxes and Currents with Voltages as Inputs
355(1)
12-4 Choice of the dq-Winding Speed ωd
355(2)
12-5 Electromagnetic Torque
357(3)
12-5-1 Torque on the Rotor d-Axis Winding
357(1)
12-5-2 Torque on the Rotor q-Axis Winding
358(1)
12-5-3 Net Electromagnetic Torque Tem on the Rotor
359(1)
12-6 Electrodynamics
360(1)
12-7 d- and q-Axis Equivalent Circuits
360(1)
12-8 Relationship Between the dq-Windings and the Per-Phase Phasor-Domain Equivalent Circuit in Balanced Sinusoidal Steady State
361(2)
12-9 Computer Simulation
363(2)
12-9-1 Calculation of Initial Conditions
364(1)
12-10 Phasor Analysis
365(8)
12-11 Summary
373(1)
Further Reading
373(1)
Problems
373(2)
Test Machine
375(2)
13 Mathematical Description Of Vector Control In Induction Machines
377(24)
13-1 Introduction
377(1)
13-2 Motor Model With the d-Axis Aligned Along the Rotor Flux Linkage →λr-Axis
378(6)
13-2-1 Calculation of ωdA
379(1)
13-2-2 Calculation of Tem
380(1)
13-2-3 d-Axis Rotor Flux-Linkage Dynamics
380(1)
13-2-4 Motor Model
381(3)
13-3 Vector Control
384(9)
13-3-1 Speed and Position Control Loops
385(3)
13-3-2 Initial Startup
388(1)
13-3-3 Calculating the Stator Voltages to be Applied
388(3)
13-3-4 Designing the PI Controllers
391(2)
13-4 Hardware Prototyping of Vector Control of Induction Motor
393(5)
13-5 Summary
398(1)
Reference
398(1)
Problems
399(2)
14 Speed-Sensorless Vector Control Of Induction Motor
401(22)
14-1 Introduction
401(1)
14-2 Open-Loop Speed Estimator
402(2)
14-3 Model-Reference Adaptive System (MRAS) Estimator
404(12)
14-3-1 Rotor Speed Estimation
407(3)
14-3-2 Stator d- and q-Axis Current Reference
410(1)
14-3-3 Estimation of ωdA and θda
411(3)
14-3-4 Designing the PI controller
414(2)
14-4 Parameter Sensitivity of Open-Loop Estimator and MRAS Estimator
416(1)
14-5 Practical Implementation
417(4)
14-6 Summary
421(1)
References
422(1)
Further Reading
423(1)
Problems
423(1)
14-A Appendix
423(46)
14-A-1 MRAS Linearized Error Function
423(4)
15 Analysis Of Doubly Fed Generators (Dfigs) In Steady State And Their Vector Control
427(26)
15-1 Introduction
427(3)
15-2 Steady-State Analysis
430(6)
15-3 Understanding DFIG Operation in dq Axis
436(7)
15-3-1 Stator Voltages
437(1)
15-3-2 Flux Linkages and Currents
437(1)
15-3-3 Rotor Voltages
438(1)
15-3-4 Stator and Rotor Power Inputs
438(1)
15-3-5 Electromagnetic Torque
439(1)
15-3-6 Relationships of Stator and Rotor Real and Reactive Powers
439(4)
15-4 Dynamic Analysis of DFIG
443(1)
15-5 Vector Control of DFIG
443(6)
15-5-1 Rotor Current Controller
443(2)
15-5-2 Rotor Speed Controller
445(1)
15-5-3 Stator Reactive Power Controller
446(1)
15-5-4 Rotor Position Estimator
446(3)
15-6 Summary
449(1)
References
450(1)
Further Reading
450(1)
Problems
450(3)
16 Direct Torque Control (Dtc) And Encoder-Less Operation Of Induction Motor Drives
453(16)
16-1 Introduction
453(1)
16-2 System Overview
453(2)
16-3 Principle of Encoder-Less DTC Operation
455(1)
16-4 Calculation of →λs, →λr, Tem, and ωm
456(4)
16-4-1 Calculation of the Stator Flux →λs
456(1)
16-4-2 Calculation of the Rotor Flux →λr
456(2)
16-4-3 Calculation of the Electromagnetic Torque Tem
458(1)
16-4-4 Calculation of the Rotor Speed ωm
459(1)
16-5 Calculation of the Stator Voltage Space Vector
460(4)
16-6 Direct Torque Control Using dq-Axes
464(1)
16-7 Summary
464(3)
Reference
467(1)
Further Reading
467(1)
Problems
468(1)
Test Machine
468(1)
16-A Appendix
469(29)
16-A-1 Derivation of Torque Expressions
469(4)
17 Vector Control Of Permanent-Magnet Synchronous Motor Drives
473(25)
17-1 Introduction
473(1)
17-2 dq-Analysis of Permanent-Magnet Synchronous Machines
473(4)
17-2-1 Flux Linkages
475(1)
17-2-2 Stator dq-Winding Voltages
475(1)
17-2-3 Electromagnetic Torque
476(1)
17-2-4 Electrodynamics
476(1)
17-3 Non-Salient Pole Synchronous Machines
477(4)
17-3-1 Relationship Between the dq Circuits and the Per-Phase Phasor-Domain Equivalent Circuit in Balanced Sinusoidal Steady State
477(1)
17-3-2 dq-Based Dynamic Controller for "Brush-less dc" Drives
478(3)
17-4 Salient-Pole Synchronous Machines
481(14)
17-4-1 Rotor Position Estimation Using High-Frequency Injection
483(3)
17-4-2 Speed-Sensorless Dynamic Controller for IPM Motor
486(2)
17-4-3 Designing PID Controller
488(3)
17-4-4 Electromagnetic Torque
491(4)
17-5 Hardware Prototyping of Vector Control of SPM Synchronous Motor
495(1)
17-6 Summary
495(2)
References
497(1)
Problems
498(1)
17-A Appendix
498(29)
17-A-l Transformation of Stator Flux-Linkage From Rotating dq Frame to Stationary Frame
498(3)
18 Reluctance Drives: Stepper-Motors And Switched-Reluctance Drives
501(26)
18-1 Introduction
501(1)
18-2 The Operating Principle of Reluctance Motors
502(4)
18-3 Stepper-Motor Drives
506(8)
18-3-1 Variable-Reluctance Stepper-Motors
506(1)
18-3-2 Permanent-Magnet Stepper-Motors
507(2)
18-3-3 Hybrid Stepper-Motors
509(2)
18-3-4 Equivalent-Circuit Representation of a Stepper-Motor
511(1)
18-3-5 Half-Stepping and Micro-Stepping
512(1)
18-3-6 Power Electronic Converters for Stepper-Motors
513(1)
18-4 SRM Drives
514(4)
18-4-1 Switched-Reluctance Motor
514(1)
18-4-2 Electromagnetic Torque Tem
515(3)
18-4-3 Induced Back-EMF ea
518(1)
18-5 Instantaneous Waveforms
518(3)
18-6 Role of Magnetic Saturation
521(1)
18-7 Power Electronic Converters for SRM Drives
522(1)
18-8 Determining the Rotor Position for Encoder-LESS Operation
523(1)
18-9 Control in Motoring Mode
523(1)
18-10 Summary/Review Questions
524(1)
References
525(1)
Further Reading
525(1)
Problems
525(2)
Index 527
NED MOHAN, PHD, is a member of the U.S. National Academy of Engineering, a Regents Professor, Oscar A. Schott Professor of Power Electronic Systems and Morse-Alumni Distinguished Professor at the University of Minnesota.

SIDDHARTH RAJU, PHD, is a Post-Doctoral Researcher at the University of Minnesota.
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