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1 | (28) |
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1.1 Background of Sustainable Manufacturing |
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1 | (3) |
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1.2 Energy Consumption Review in the US Automotive Industry |
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4 | (3) |
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1.3 Energy and Environment Management in Automotive Manufacturing |
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7 | (2) |
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1.4 Smart Energy and Environment Management Using Data and Model-Based Analytics |
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9 | (11) |
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1.4.1 Example Decision Problem in Energy Management: A Cost Comparison of Pneumatic and Electric Actuator Systems |
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14 | (6) |
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20 | (3) |
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23 | (6) |
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26 | (3) |
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2 Energy Performance Analysis: Stochastic Frontier Analysis (SFA) and Data Envelopment Analysis (DES) for Energy Performance Analysis |
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29 | (50) |
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2.1 Background of Energy Performance Analysis |
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29 | (8) |
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2.1.1 Background of the Auto Manufacturing Process and the Energy Consumption |
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31 | (2) |
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33 | (2) |
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2.1.3 Energy Performance Assessment |
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35 | (2) |
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2.2 SFA for Energy Performance Analysis |
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37 | (4) |
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2.3 DEA for Energy Performance Analysis |
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41 | (3) |
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44 | (7) |
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51 | (1) |
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51 | (28) |
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Appendix A Derivation of the Log Likelihood Function and First-Order Partial Derivatives for Cost Frontier Model |
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52 | (4) |
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Appendix B Getting Started with Excel Solver for SFA and DEA Analyses |
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56 | (20) |
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76 | (3) |
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3 Energy Decision-Making 1: Strategic Planning of Sustainable Manufacturing Projects Based on Stochastic Programming |
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79 | (30) |
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3.1 Background of Planning Sustainable Manufacturing |
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Projects in the Manufacturing Industry |
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79 | (2) |
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81 | (2) |
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3.2 A Problem Formulation in Stochastic Programming |
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83 | (4) |
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83 | (3) |
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86 | (1) |
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3.3 Sample Averaging Approximation as a Solving Method |
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87 | (2) |
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89 | (7) |
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3.4.1 Carbon Cost Scenario Generation |
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89 | (2) |
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3.4.2 Parameter Settings for a Hypothetical Plant |
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91 | (1) |
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3.4.3 Assumptions and Cases for Study |
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92 | (1) |
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93 | (3) |
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96 | (1) |
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97 | (12) |
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Appendix: Methods and Standards for Preparing Scope-3 Carbon Footprints |
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99 | (8) |
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107 | (2) |
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4 Energy Decision-Making 2: Demand Response Option Contract Decision Based on Stochastic Programming |
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109 | (28) |
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4.1 Background of Energy Demand Response |
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109 | (12) |
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110 | (3) |
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4.1.2 Activity-Based Costing |
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113 | (5) |
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4.1.3 Activity-Based Plant Energy Forecasting Method |
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118 | (1) |
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119 | (2) |
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4.2 Chance-Constrained Stochastic Programming for Strategic Decision Making |
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121 | (2) |
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4.3 Decision Model for Determining Energy Demand Response Option Contract |
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123 | (1) |
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124 | (8) |
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4.4.1 Identification of Input Parameters |
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126 | (1) |
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4.4.2 Reduction in the Rate of Energy Demand (kW) for State-Transition Flexible Activities |
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127 | (1) |
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4.4.3 Reduction in the Rate of Energy Demand (kW) for QoS Flexible Activities |
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127 | (5) |
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132 | (1) |
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133 | (4) |
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133 | (4) |
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5 Pattern-Based Energy Consumption Analysis by Chaining Principle Component Analysis and Logistic Regression |
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137 | (42) |
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5.1 Background of Energy Consumption Analysis |
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138 | (2) |
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5.2 Technologies for Pattern Training and Inference |
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140 | (3) |
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5.2.1 Principle Component Analysis (PCA) |
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140 | (2) |
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5.2.2 Multinomial Logistic Regression |
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142 | (1) |
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5.2.3 K-Means Clustering Algorithm |
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143 | (1) |
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5.3 A Classification Model for Energy Consumption Pattern Training and Inference |
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143 | (4) |
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5.3.1 Training Steps: Design Time |
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144 | (2) |
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5.3.2 Inference Steps: Real Operation Time |
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146 | (1) |
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5.3.3 Scikit-Learn Machine Learning Library in Python |
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146 | (1) |
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147 | (5) |
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152 | (1) |
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153 | (26) |
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Appendix: Getting Started with IPython Notebook for Energy Pattern Analysis |
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153 | (23) |
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176 | (3) |
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6 Ontology-Enabled Knowledge Management in Environmental Regulations and Incentive Policies |
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179 | (20) |
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6.1 Background of Energy and Environment Knowledge Management |
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179 | (4) |
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6.2 EU-ETS and Waxman-Markey Bill (W-M Bill) |
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183 | (2) |
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6.2.1 European Emission Trading Scheme (EU-ETS) |
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183 | (1) |
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6.2.2 Waxman-Markey Bill (W-M Bill) |
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183 | (2) |
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6.3 Technologies for Semantic Data Management |
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185 | (2) |
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6.3.1 Description Logic (DL) |
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185 | (1) |
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6.3.2 Semantic Data Model: RDF |
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186 | (1) |
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6.3.3 Semantic Data Query: SPARQL |
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186 | (1) |
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187 | (5) |
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187 | (1) |
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6.4.2 Knowledge Acquisition and Dissemination in ERIPAD |
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188 | (4) |
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6.5 Illustrative Example of Knowledge Management with ERIPAD |
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192 | (3) |
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6.5.1 Semantic Queries with Apache Jena Fuseki |
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192 | (1) |
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6.5.2 CO2 Emission Management Decision Process with ERIPAD |
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192 | (3) |
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195 | (1) |
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195 | (4) |
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197 | (2) |
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7 Energy Simulation Using EnergyPlus™ for Building and Process Energy Balance |
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199 | (46) |
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7.1 Background of Energy Simulation and EnergyPlus |
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199 | (3) |
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7.2 Illustrative Example 1: Assessment of the Use of Air Conditioning Economizer |
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202 | (5) |
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7.2.1 What Is an Air Conditioning Economizer? |
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203 | (1) |
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7.2.2 Modelling and Simulation with EnergyPlus |
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203 | (2) |
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205 | (2) |
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7.3 Illustrative Example 2: Assessment of the Use of a Mist Collection System with Different Ventilation Strategies |
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207 | (8) |
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7.3.1 What Is a Mist Collection System? |
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207 | (3) |
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7.3.2 Dynamic Ventilation Strategy for a Mist Collection System |
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210 | (1) |
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7.3.3 Modelling and Simulation with EnergyPlus |
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210 | (4) |
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214 | (1) |
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215 | (1) |
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215 | (30) |
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Appendix: Getting Started with EnergyPlus for Manufacturing Process Simulation |
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216 | (28) |
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244 | (1) |
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8 Energy Management Process for Businesses |
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245 | (24) |
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8.1 Importance of Energy Management to Business |
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246 | (2) |
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8.2 Integrating Energy Management into the Global Business Plan |
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248 | (2) |
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248 | (1) |
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249 | (1) |
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250 | (1) |
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8.3 Establishing Targets and Public Goals |
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250 | (6) |
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250 | (2) |
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8.3.2 Data Verification and Assurance |
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252 | (1) |
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8.3.3 Establishing a Baseline |
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252 | (2) |
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8.3.4 Science-Based Targets |
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254 | (2) |
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8.4 Benchmarking, Budgets, and Forecasts |
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256 | (5) |
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256 | (1) |
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8.4.2 Budgets and Forecasts |
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257 | (4) |
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261 | (3) |
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261 | (1) |
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8.5.2 Energy Projects and Conservation |
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262 | (1) |
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263 | (1) |
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8.6 Energy Management Tools |
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264 | (2) |
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8.6.1 Internal Recognition |
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264 | (1) |
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8.6.2 External Recognition |
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265 | (1) |
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266 | (3) |
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267 | (2) |
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9 Energy Efficiency Accounting to Demonstrate Performance |
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269 | (22) |
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9.1 Selling the Need to Fund Projects |
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269 | (7) |
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271 | (2) |
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273 | (1) |
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273 | (3) |
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9.2 Developing Energy Efficiency Projects |
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276 | (3) |
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9.2.1 Energy Project Tracking |
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276 | (2) |
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9.2.2 Energy Project Technology |
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278 | (1) |
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9.3 Prioritization of Projects |
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279 | (2) |
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279 | (2) |
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9.4 Closing the Gap to Benchmark with Energy Efficiency |
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281 | (5) |
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281 | (3) |
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9.4.2 Design Energy Efficiency into New Processes and Facilities |
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284 | (2) |
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9.5 Measurement and Verification |
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286 | (3) |
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287 | (1) |
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288 | (1) |
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289 | (2) |
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290 | (1) |
Index |
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291 | |