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E-raamat: Anthropocene as a Geological Time Unit: A Guide to the Scientific Evidence and Current Debate

Edited by (University of Leicester), Edited by (University of Leicester), Edited by (University of Leicester), Edited by (Scott Polar Research Institute, Cambridge)
  • Formaat: EPUB+DRM
  • Ilmumisaeg: 07-Mar-2019
  • Kirjastus: Cambridge University Press
  • Keel: eng
  • ISBN-13: 9781108573948
  • Formaat - EPUB+DRM
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  • Formaat: EPUB+DRM
  • Ilmumisaeg: 07-Mar-2019
  • Kirjastus: Cambridge University Press
  • Keel: eng
  • ISBN-13: 9781108573948

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The Anthropocene, a term launched into public debate by Nobel Prize winner Paul Crutzen, has been used informally to describe the time period during which human actions have had a drastic effect on the Earth and its ecosystems. This book presents evidence for defining the Anthropocene as a geological epoch, written by the high-profile international team analysing its potential addition to the geological time scale. The evidence ranges from chemical signals arising from pollution, to landscape changes associated with urbanisation, and biological changes associated with species invasion and extinctions. Global environmental change is placed within the context of planetary processes and deep geological time, allowing the reader to appreciate the scale of human-driven change and compare the global transition taking place today with major transitions in Earth history. This is an authoritative review of the Anthropocene for graduate students and academic researchers across scientific, social science and humanities disciplines.

Reviews the evidence underpinning the Anthropocene as a geological epoch written by the Anthropocene Working Group investigating it. The book discusses ongoing changes to the Earth system within the context of deep geological time, allowing a comparison between the global transition taking place today with major transitions in Earth history.

Arvustused

'A very timely account of the progress and problems in defining the Anthropocene from its geological signature. The authors have brought together a plethora of scattered evidence to clarify where the science is now, and how it will impact on so many fields, from atmospheric and ocean chemistry to the legal system. This book will be hard to beat as a summary of the impact of humankind on the permanent record that will be entombed in the rocks of the future.' Richard Fortey, FRS, Natural History Museum 'Geologists' notion of the Anthropocene is one of the most powerful frames through which we can redefine humanity's changing relationship with the planet, and this hugely impressive book provides the definitive scientific account.' Iain Stewart, BBC TV presenter, University of Plymouth ' this book constitutes evidence of the epistemological development of the Anthropocene, from simple conjecture to a body of hypotheses merged into an interdisciplinary scientific theory.' Eugenio Luciano, Global Environment ' this book is the most definitive and up-to-date reference work for anyone working on or interested in the geological case for the Anthropocene.' Leon Vlieger, Natural History Book Service

Muu info

A review of the evidence underpinning the Anthropocene as a geological epoch, written by the Anthropocene Working Group investigating it.
List of Contributors
ix
Figure Credits
xi
1 History and Development of the Anthropocene as a Stratigraphic Concept
1(40)
1.1 A General Introduction to the Anthropocene
2(2)
Jan Zalasiewiez
Colin N. Waters
Mark Williams
Colin P. Summerhayes
Martin J. Head
Reinhold Leinfelder
1.2 History of the Anthropocene Concept
4(7)
Jacques Grinevald
John McNeill
Naomi Oreskes
Will Steffen
Colin P. Summerhayes
Jan Zalasiewiez
1.3 Stratigraphy and the Geological Time Scale
11(20)
Jan Zalasiewiez
Colin P. Summerhayes
Martin J. Head
Scott Wing
Phil Gibbard
Colin N. Waters
1.4 The Utility of Formalisation of the Anthropocene for Science
31(10)
Davor Vidas
Jan Zalasiewiez
Will Steffen
Trevor Hancock
Anthony Barnosky
Colin P. Summerhayes
Colin N. Waters
2 Stratigraphic Signatures of the Anthropocene
41(68)
2.1 Rock Components -- Synthetic Mineral-Like Compounds
42(4)
Robert M. Hazen
Jan Zalasiewiez
2.2 Anthropogenic Rock Types
46(5)
Colin N. Waters
Andy Smith
2.3 Novel Materials as Particulates
51(7)
Neil Rose
Agnieszka Galuszka
2.4 Black Carbon and Primary Organic Carbon from Combustion
58(2)
Colin N. Waters
An Zhisheng
2.5 Artificial Ground, or Ground Modified by Humans
60(20)
Colin N. Waters
Simon Price
Jan Zalasiewiez
2.6 Magnetostratigraphy
80(4)
Colin N. Waters
2.7 A Pedology and Pedostratigraphy for the Anthropocene
84(6)
Daniel deB. Richter
Sharon A. Billings
Colin N. Waters
2.8 Changes to Holocene/Anthropocene Patterns of Sedimentation from Terrestrial to Marine
90(19)
James Syvitski
Jan Zalasiewiez
Colin P. Summerhayes
3 The Biostratigraphic Signature of the Anthropocene
109(28)
3.1 Fossils as Markers of Geological Boundaries
110(5)
Mark Williams
Anthony Barnosky
Jan Zalasiewiez
Martin J. Head
Ian Wilkinson
3.2 Late Quaternary Extinctions
115(4)
Anthony Barnosky
Ian Wilkinson
Jan Zalasiewiez
Mark Williams
3.3 The Biostratigraphic Signal of the Neobiota
119(9)
Mark Williams
Jan Zalasiewiez
David Aldridge
Colin N. Waters
Valentin Bault
Martin J. Head
Anthony Barnosky
3.4 Using the State of Reefs for Anthropocene Stratigraphy: An Ecostratigraphic Approach
128(9)
Reinhold Leinfelder
4 The Technosphere and Its Physical Stratigraphic Record
137(19)
4.1 The Technosphere and Its Relation to the Anthropocene
138(6)
Peter Haff
4.2 Technofossil Stratigraphy
144(3)
Jan Zalasiewiez
Colin N. Waters
Mark Williams
Anthony Barnosky
4.3 The Stratigraphy of Plastics and Their Preservation in Geological Records
147(9)
Reinhold Leinfelder
Juliana Assungao Ivor do Sul
5 Anthropocene Chemostratigraphy
156(44)
5.1 Capture of Geochemical Changes in Archives
157(3)
Ian J. Fairchild
Jan Zalasiewiez
Colin P. Summerhaye
Colin N. Waters
5.2 Carbon
160(5)
Jan Zalasiewiez
Colin N. Waters
5.3 Boron Isotopes as a Proxy for Oceanic pH
165(3)
Colin N. Waters
Jan Zalasiewiez
Reinhold Leinfelder
Colin P. Summerhayes
5.4 Nitrogen and Phosphorus
168(4)
Jan Zalasiewiez
5.5 Sulphur
172(6)
Ian J. Fairchild
5.6 Metals
178(8)
Agnieszka Galuszka
Michael Wagreich
5.7 Organic Compounds
186(6)
Agnieszka Galuszka
Neil Rose
5.8 Artificial Radionuclide Fallout Signals
192(8)
Colin N. Waters
Irka Hajdas
Catherine Jeandel
Jan Zalasiewiez
6 Climate Change and the Anthropocene
200(42)
6.1 Climate
201(17)
Colin P. Summerhayes
6.2 Ice
218(15)
Colin P. Summerhayes
6.3 Sea Level
233(9)
Alejandro Cearreta
7 The Stratigraphic Boundary of the Anthropocene
242(45)
7.1 Geological Validity of the Anthropocene
243(1)
Jan Zalasiewiez
Colin N. Waters
Mark Williams
Colin P. Summerhayes
7.2 The Early Stratigraphic Record of Humans
243(3)
Mark Williams
Eric Odada
7.3 Pre-Industrial Revolution Start Dates for the Anthropocene
246(4)
Michael Wagreich
Mark Williams
Erich Draganits
Jan Zalasiewiez
Colin N. Waters
Matt Edgeworth
7.4 The Industrial Revolution and the Anthropocene
250(4)
John McNeill
7.5 Mid-20th-Century `Great Acceleration'
254(6)
Witt Steffen
7.6 Current and Projected Trends
260(6)
Will Steffen
7.7 Hierarchy of the Anthropocene
266(3)
Colin N. Waters
Jan Zalasiewiez
Martin J. Head
7.8 Potential GSSP/GSSA Levels
269(16)
Colin N. Waters
7.9 Epilogue and Forward Look for the Anthropocene
285(2)
Jan Zalasiewiez
Colin N. Waters
Mark Williams
Colin P. Summerhayes
Martin J. Head
References 287(69)
Index 356
Jan Zalasiewicz is a Professor of Paleobiology at the University of Leicester and Chair of the Anthropocene Working Group. His research interests include mudrock processes; early Palaeozoic and Quaternary stratigraphy and sedimentology; and stratigraphic analysis, notably the study of the Anthropocene concept. Colin N. Waters is an Honorary Professor in the Department of Geology at the University of Leicester, and secretary of the Anthropocene Working Group with a central role in coordinating activities of the Working Group members. He recently retired as a Principal Mapping Geologist at the British Geological Survey, where he specialised in geological mapping of the UK and parts of the Sahara Desert, and stratigraphical analysis, principally of the Carboniferous and Anthropocene. Mark Williams is a Professor of Palaeobiology at the University of Leicester. He is interested in the evolution of the biosphere over geological timescales, with an emphasis on understanding the rate and degree of current biological change. He was the first secretary of the Anthropocene Working Group from 2009 to 2011. Colin Summerhayes is an Emeritus Associate of the Scott Polar Research Institute at the University of Cambridge. He is a marine geologist and oceanographer with expertise in the role of climate in forming marine sediments, and in interpreting the history of climate from sedimentary records. He is a former Manager of the Stratigraphy Branch of the Exploration Division of BP Research, and former Director of the Institute of Oceanographic Sciences Deacon Laboratory, Wormley.